chapter 5 crime and violence. © 2012 pearson education, inc. all rights reserved. nature of crime a...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5
Crime and Violence
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nature of Crime
• A crime is an act or omission of an act for which the state can apply a sanction. – Criminal Law prohibits certain acts and
[prescribes the punishment– Civil law deals with noncriminal acts in which
one person injures another; these are mediated by the state.
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Nature of Crime
• Is there more or less crime in the U.S than there was 5 years a go?
Perceptions of Crime and crime rates….
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Violent Crime Rates
What is problematic about the way we count and present crime statistics?
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The Nature of Crime
• Police discretion
• Problems of accuracy
• Victimization reports
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Figure 5-3: Crime Index OffensesFigure 5-4: The Crime Clock
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Types of Crimes and Criminals
• Violent Personal Crimes
• Types of Criminal homicide– Murder– Manslaughter
• Mass Murderers and Serial Killers
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Figure 5-5: Murder by Relationship; Figure 5-6: Situations Police Officers Were Killed in the Line of Duty
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Types of Crimes and Criminals
• Occasional property crimes• Occupational (White-Collar) Crimes
– Differential association
• Embezzlement• Fraud
– The Ponzi Scheme– Cybercrime
• Corporate Crimes• Deregulation and Lax Enforcement
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Types of Crimes and Criminals
• Public-Order Crimes
• Organized Crime– Organized Crime and Corruption
• Conventional and Professional Crimes– Cybercrime– Identity Theft
• Juvenile Delinquency
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Causes of Crime & Violence
• Biological Explanations of Crime
• Biology, Violence, and Criminality
• Gender and Crime
• Age and Crime
• Sociological Explanations of Crime
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Figure 5-10 & 11: Total Arrests, by Sex, Race, and Area; Arrests per 100,000 Juveniles Ages 10–17
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Figure 5-12 & 13: Inequality & Crime; Homicide Rates in Death Penalty & Non-Death-Penalty States
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Gangs, Guns, & Violent Death; Causes of Crime & Violence
– Conflict Approaches to the Study of Crime• Inequality and Crime
– Cross-Cultural Research• Race and Crime; racial Profiling
– The Functionalist View: Anomie Theory– Interactionist Approaches: Differential
Association and Delinquent Subcultures
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Figure 5–9 Death Rates fromFirearms
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Controlling Crime
• Retribution-Deterrence
• Rehabilitation
• Prevention– Harm Reduction and Juvenile Diversion
• Mandatory Sentencing
• Arrest and Incarceration
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Controlling Crime
– The Prison Paradox; Racial Disparities in Sentencing; Alternatives to Incarceration
• Occupational and Corporate Crimes
• Organized Crime
• Public-Order & Juvenile-Justice Reforms
• Gun Control
• Future Prospects
© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Figure 5-14 & 15: State & Federal Prisoners; Incarceration Rates