chapter 5 flowcharting copyright © 2010 by the mcgraw-hill companies, inc. all rights...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 5Chapter 5
Flowcharting
Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin
![Page 2: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
OutlineOutline
• Objectives
• Flowchart types
• Design issues
• Symbols
• Uses in the AIS
• Risk / control matrix
• Example
5-2
![Page 3: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
ObjectivesObjectives
When you finish this chapter, you should be able to:– List and discuss the purpose and use of various flowchart
types
– Explain the basic parts of and design considerations common to all types of flowcharts
– Identify and describe common symbols and IT tools used in flowcharting
– Discuss ways flowcharts impact the design, implementation and evaluation of the AIS
– Create a risk / control matrix
– Create and interpret systems and document flowcharts
5-3
![Page 4: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Flowchart typesFlowchart types
• System flowcharts“Big picture” look at an
information system
• Program flowchartsLogic of a computer
program
• Document flowchartsTrace documents
through an information system
• Hardware flowchartsShow relationship
between hardware elements
5-4
![Page 5: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Design issuesDesign issues
• Top to bottom, left to right
• Iterative nature of flowcharting
• White space• Title• Columns depict areas
of responsibility
• Clear origin, termination and progress for documents
• Discussion of rough drafts with others
5-5
![Page 6: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
SymbolsSymbols
The universe of flowcharting symbols is practically
endless. You can find examples in most
software programs—particularly in programs
designed for flowcharting. A few examples
follow, but they are by no means exhaustive.
5-6
![Page 7: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Uses in the AISUses in the AIS
• Understanding how a system works
• Making suggestions for system
improvement
• Spotting internal control deficiencies
• Developing procedures manuals
5-7
![Page 8: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Why Documentation Is Why Documentation Is ImportantImportant??
• Seven Reasons – Depicting how the system works– Training users– Designing new systems– Controlling system development and
maintenance costs– Standardizing communications with others– Auditing AIS– Documenting business processes
![Page 9: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SymbolsSymbols
Process
Decision
Document
Multiple documents
5-9
![Page 10: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SymbolsSymbols
Terminator
Manual operation
Connector
File
5-10
![Page 11: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
11
Standard Flowchart Symbols
![Page 12: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
![Page 13: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
13
Enter document into computer via keyboard, edit input, record input
![Page 14: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14
![Page 15: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
User queries the computer
Update sequentialdata store
![Page 16: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
16
![Page 17: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
17
Preparation and later manualreconciliation of control totals
![Page 18: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
18
![Page 19: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
19
Key and key verify inputs
![Page 20: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
20
![Page 21: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
21
Enter document intocomputer using a scanner
![Page 22: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Entity Relationship (ER) Entity Relationship (ER) DiagramDiagram
A documentation technique to represent the relationship between entities in a system.
Information generated often used when building a database from scratch
Entities can be:– resources (cash, securities, inventory)– events (sales orders, purchases, release of
raw materials into the production)– agents (customers, vendors, production
workers)
![Page 23: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Entity Relationship SymbolsEntity Relationship Symbols
• Entities represented by rectangles
• Relationship between any two entities is represented by a diamond symbol that connects them and indicates the nature of the relationship
• Cardinality is often shown
![Page 24: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
CardinalityCardinality
• represents the numerical mapping between entities in the database:– one-to-one (each consultant has only one skill
i.e. taxation)– one-to-many (a specific consultant works on
several projects at the same time)– many-to-many (several consultants are
assigned to work on multiple projects at the same time)
![Page 25: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Sales-person
CompanyCar
Customer SeveralOrders
Vendors EntireInventory
Assigned
Places
Supply
Entity Relationship Entity
1
M
M M
1
1
Cardinalities
![Page 26: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
ORDER
CUSTOMER SALE
INVENTORY
madeto
receivedfrom
lineitem
lineitem
M
MM
M
M M
M
1
1
1
fills
![Page 27: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
27
![Page 28: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
![Page 31: Chapter 5 Flowcharting Copyright © 2010 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.McGraw-Hill/Irwin](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022052401/56649f135503460f94c267f2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)