chapter 5 ionic compounds mrs. czyryca what you already know: ionic compounds donate and accept...
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CHAPTER 5
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Mrs. Czyryca
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What you already know:
Ionic compounds donate and accept electrons, not share, in order to become stable.
Ionic compounds consist of a metal and a nonmetal.
An atom that has lost an electron has a positive charge.
An atom that has gained an electron has a negative charge.
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Remember my joke?
Two atoms were walking down the street.
Looking all around, one says, “Oh my gosh, I lost an electron!”
The other says, “Are you sure?!”
The first says, “I’m POSITIVE!”
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You should also remember:
When a compound forms and it’s atoms become stable, energy is given off.
And that’s EXOTHERMIC!
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We are using a new unit for ionic compounds
Instead of using atoms, molecules, particles, or ions as a unit---we will use
FORMULA UNITS
Formula units are the smallest collection of an ionic compound
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For example:
Instead of writing:
6.022 x 1023molecules NaClWrite:
6.022 x 1023 formula units NaCl
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Formation of KCl from it’s elements
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As you can see from the prior slide, KCl doesn’t exist as a molecule.
There are many, many K and Cl atoms bonded into a structure called the CRYSTAL LATTICE.
The gaseous chlorine, Cl2, exists as individual molecules.
The metal, potassium atoms, K, just pile up like oranges at the grocery store.
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Look again…
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Let’s look individually at the potassium and chlorine atoms.
K is in group 1 on the periodic table…
So what is it’s charge likely to be once it loses an electron to become stable?
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+1
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Chlorine is in group 17
What charge would chlorine have once it gains an electron in order to become stable?
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-1
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What are the positive ions called?
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CationsThat’s pronounced “cat” – “ion”
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What are the negative ions called?
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AnionsThat’s pronounced “an” – “ion”
not ant ion, an’ ion!
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We know a positive with a negative =zero
That’s electroneutrality!
when the charges equal zero
+1 -1 = 0(can I use a calculator?)
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How many cations and anions are present in MgCl2?
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Just one cation.
And two anions
MgCl2?
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How many cations and anions are present in MgCO3?
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Just one cation still.
And one anion- carbonate
MgCO3?
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How many cations and anions are present in Mg3(PO4)2?
One more…
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Three cations.
And two anions- two phosphate polyatomic anions
Mg3(PO4)2?
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Potassium’s electron configuration: 1s22s22p63s23p64s1
It loses that electron in the 4s orbital to become stable.
It then has the same electron configuration as a noble gas. VERY STABLE!
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ISOELECTRONIC
having the same electron configuration as another element
The potassium ion is isoelectronic with Argon.
1s22s22p63s3s223p3p66
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chlorine’s electron configuration: 1s22s22p63s23p5
It gains an electron in the 3p orbital to become stable.
It then has the same electron configuration as a noble gas. VERY STABLE!
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ISOELECTRONIC
having the same electron configuration as another element
The chlorine ion is also isoelectronic with Argon.
1s22s22p63s3s223p3p66
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Naming ions (atoms with a charge)
Like any cation, the potassium keeps it’s name and you add the word “ion” to the end.
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“Potassium ion”
Not too tricky, huh?
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Naming ions (atoms with a charge)
Like any anion, the end of chlorine changes to “ide”
and you add the word “ion” to the end.
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Chloride ion
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What does a roman numeral tell us?
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The charge on the cation
Never an option for the anion b/c it only has one possible charge
EVER!