chapter 5 - politics and government
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Presentation on politics and governmentTRANSCRIPT
Global Studies 301
POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT
INSTITUTE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
MICROPOLITICS AND MACROPOLITICS
POWER, AUTHORITY AND COERCION
AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMATE VIOLENCE
TYPES OF AUTHORITY
POLITICS
MICROPOLITICS AND MACROPOLICTICS
WHAT IS POWER?
MICROPOLICTICS
MACROPOLICTICS
POWER, AUTHORITY, COERCION
Power?
Authority?
Coercion?
AUTHORITY AND LEGITIMATE VIOLENCE
• The state is a political entity that claims monopoly on the use of violence in some particular territory
• Because government uses too much power, the state loses legitimacy which is leading to the revolution and the collapse of authority
Monopoly: government has complete control of something on one can do as them
A SINGLE PERSON
A GROUP OF PEOPLE=
REVOLUTION
THE COLLAPSE OF AUTHORITY
THREE SOURCES HAVE BEEN IDENTIFIED
1. TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY
2. RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITY
3. CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY
TRADITIONAL AUTHORITYCUSTOM
As the society changes, the tradition also changes
Industrial society
Postindustrial society
RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITYLAW OR WRITTEN RULES AND REGULATIONS
PRIME MINISTER HUN SEN
Rational means reasonable
Legal mean part of law
CHARISMATIC AUTHORITYAN INDIVIDUAL’S OUTSTANDING TRAITS
KING JAYAVARMAN VII
A charismatic individual is someone to whom people are drawn because they believe that person has been touched by God or has been endowed by nature with exceptional quality
AUTHORITY AS IDEAL TYPE
• The classifications of traditional, rational-legal, and charismatic authorities represent ideal type of authority.
• There are the combinations of these three
TRADITIONAL AND CHARISMATIC AUTHORITIES
RATIONAL-LEGAL AND CHARISMATIC AUTHORITIES
TRADITIONAL AND RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITIES
TRADITIONAL AND CHARISMATIC AUTHORITIES
KING NORODOM SIHANOUK
RATIONAL-LEGAL AND CHARISMATIC AUTHORITIES
JOHN F. KENNEDY
TRADITIONAL AND RATIONAL-LEGAL AUTHORITIES
RARE INSTANCE
UNUSUAL
THE TRANSFER OF AUTHORITY
• The transfer of authority after a term has been served or at the death, resignation, or incapacitation of a leader is critical for social stability
• Under traditional authority, people generally know who next line is
• Under rational-legal authority, people may not know who the next leader will be, but they do know how that person will be selected
• Under charismatic authority, transfer by appointing a successor and practicing routinization of charisma
WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?
FUNCTION OF GOVERNMENTS
TYPES OF GOVERNMENTS
TYPES OF DEMOCRACY
TYPES OF MONARCHIES
GOVERNMENTS
WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?
Governments are empowered to establish and regulate the interrelationships of the
people with their territorial confines
• Function of government is to secure the common welfare of the member of the social aggregate over which is exercise control
FUNCTION OF GOVERNMENTS
1. To establish justice
2. To ensure domestic tranquility
3. To provide for the common defense
4. To promote the general welfare
5. To secure the blessings of liberty
FUNCTION OF GOVERNMENTS
DEMOCRACY
MONARCHY
DICTATORSHIP AND OLIGARCHIES
TYPE OF GOVERNMENTS
• A system of government in which authority derives from the people or give the power to the people
DEMOCRACIES
DIRECT REFERENDUM (DIRECT DEMOCRACY)
REPRESENTATIVE DEMOCRACY (INDIRECT DEMOCRACY)
TYPES OF DEMOCRACY
• Classically term of pure democracy
• Directly vote by people
DIRECT DEMOCRACY
• Is a form of government found on the principle of elected individuals representing the people .
INDIRECT DEMOCRACY
• Is form of government in which all political power is absolutely or normally lodged an individual
MONARCHY
• As a political entity , the monarch (king or queen) is the head of state generally until their death or abdication (resignation)
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITED
TYPES OF MONARCHIES
• Is Monarchical form of government where the monarch exercise ultimate governing authority as head of state and head of government
ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
A form of government in which a monarch act as a head of state but powered by The Prime minister
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
• Dictatorship is a form of government in which power seized by an individual
• Oligarchy is a form of government in which power is held by a small group of individuals
DICTATORSHIP AND OLIGARCHIES
SEVEN ARRANGEMENTS OF SOVEREIGNTY
THE PROCESS OF MAKING LAWS
GOVERNMENT INSTITUTIONS
GOVERNMENT INSTITUTION
What is the Sovereignty?
The power of state to do everything to govern itself
SEVEN ARRANGEMENTS OF SOVEREIGNTY
• Presidential systems
• Parlimentary systems
• Hybrid systems
• Military rule
• Monarchies
• Theocratic states
• One-party political systems
THE PROCESS OF MAKING LAWS
Chief Executive
Upper House
Lower House
Law
Bill
Bill: a written draft of a proposed law formally represented to a legislature for its consideration
Veto: to refuse to allow something to be done
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS
• The president is elected by voters
• Voters elect the members of congress
• President: both the chief executive and the head of state
• President: power to veto the bill
For President
For Lower House
x
x
The President
Members of Congress
Voter
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS
• President has no authority to remove members of the legislature
• Legislature have the right to make laws without the chief executive’s approval
• President have right to remain in the position for the full term
CHECKS AND BALANCES
VS.
• Direct mandate
• Seperation of powers
• Speed and decisiveness
• Stability
• Tendency towards authoritarianism
• Seperation of powers
• Impediments to leadership
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS
• The voters elect the members of
lower chamber
• The members of lower chamber elect the chief executive
• The chief executive selects the members of lower chamber to become the head of major ministries
For Lower House
The Prime Minister
MPs
x
Voter
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS
• Bills are proposed by the chief executive in consultation with head of ministries
• Any vote against the bill could result in an immediate new election (vote of no confidence)
• Elections for parliament are not held at regular intervals
• The head of state usually is a king or queen (hereditary monarch)
TERMS OF PRIME MINISTER
Presidential Systems
Election
Fixed Term
Election
Election
Fixed Term Vote of No Confidence
Election New Prime Minister
or Election
Parliamentary Systems
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMSADVANTAGES
• It is faster and easier to pass the legislation
• The chief executive cannot become an authoritarian leader
• It allows changes in power without election
• Elections can be held at anytime
PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMSDISADVANTAGES
• The head of major ministries is not directly elected
• Nobody oppose or veto the legislation passed by the MPs
• The systems are sometime unstable
• The prime minister and MPs work systematically
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS VS. PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS
• The president
• The president is elected by the voters
• The member of congress is elected by the voters
• The election is held regularly
WHO IS THE CHIEF EXECUTIVE AND HEAD OF STATE?
PresidentialParliamentary
• The prime minister and hereditary monarch
• The members of lower chamber are elected by voters
• The chief executive is elected by the members of lower chamber
• The chief executive choose the head of major ministries
• The election is not held regularly
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS VS. PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS
• The president cannot be removed
• The president cannot dissolve the legislature
• The members of legislature are less disciplined
CAN THE LEGISLATURE REMOVE THE EXECUTIVE?
PresidentialParliamentary
• The legislature can remove the chief executive
• The chief executive can remove the members of legislature
• The members of legislature are more disciplined
PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEMS VS. PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS
We CANNOT define which one is better than another
WHICH SYSTEM IS BETTER?
HYBRID SYSTEMS
HYBRID SYSTEMS
• Hybrid system refers to a system which has both the president and the prime minister who share executive power with each other
SEMI-PRESIDENTIAL
SEMI-PARLIAMENTARY
HYBRID SYSTEMSSEMI-PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM
• The president is the chief executive
• The president and MPs are separately elected
• The president has constitutional power to select the prime minister
• The president is more powerful
HYBRID SYSTEMSSEMI-PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM
• The prime minister is chief executive
• The prime minister is elected by MPs
• The MPs is elected by voters
• The prime minister select MPs to be head of ministries
• The prime minster select the president indirectly
• The prime minister is more powerful
MILITARY RULE
• A military leader acts as the chief executive
• No opposition party is allowed
• A military ruler is the head of military
MONARCHY
• King or Queen has absolute power.
• He or she is not only the head of state but also the head of government.
King of Arabia
THEOCRATIC STATES
• The state that is dominated by religious leader.• The ruler is believed to have connection with God.
IRAQ IRAN
ONE-PARTY RULES• One party rules is a type of party system government in
which a single political party forms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election.
CUBA CHINA
WHO CHOOSES CHIEF EXECUTIVE?
Voters Political Systems
Members of lower house of the legislature(people inside government)
Parliamentary System
Voters (people outside government) Presidential System
Military Military Rule
Heredity in monarchy Monarchy
Religious body Theocratic States
Ruling political party One Party Rule
CITIZEN PARTICIPATION
HOW DOES CITIZEN PARTICIPATE IN POLITIC ?
• Voting
• Involve in community activities
• Cooperating with government
• Withholding cooperation from government
• Informing or confronting government
THE CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Amendment I:
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.
Voting
Communicating with government
Demonstration
TWO TYPES OF GROUPS
1. Political Parties
are groups of officials or would-be officials who are linked with a sizable group of citizens into an organization and the objective of this organization is to ensure that its officials attain power or are maintained in power.
TYPES OF POLITICAL PARTIESONE-PARTY SYSTEM
TWO-PARTY SYSTEMMULTIPARTY SYSTEM
THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF POLITICAL PARTIES
• They select and support candidates
• They inform the public
• They carry the message of the people to the government
• They act as a watchdog over government activities
• They serve as a link between different levels and branches of government
TWO TYPES OF GROUPS
2. Interest Groups
are institutions that unite people with common interests as they try to persuade or influence people in government to change their policies or decisions.
TYPES OF INTEREST GROUPS
Economic Groups
• Business Groups
• Agricultural Groups
• Labor Groups
• Professional Groups
Citizen Groups
• Public interest Groups• Single-issue Groups• Ideological Groups
INTEREST GROUPS USE VARIOUS TACTICS TO AFFECT THE GOVERNMENT
• Direct Lobbying
• Indirect Lobbying/Grass-roots
• Electioneering
• Litigation
THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF INTEREST GROUPS
• To bring issues and concerns to the attention of the public, lawmakers and policymakers
• To represent the interests and concerns of specific groups
• Their support of political candidates who favor their interests and goals
REFERENCES
• Robert, E. Gamer, Governments and Politics, 1994
• Phillips Shively, W. Power and Choice, 2007
• John, J. Harrigan, Politics and the American Future Dilemmas of
Democracy, 1996
• David C. Saffell & Basehart, H. State and Local Government, 2005
• Jack, E. & Michael, J. & Robert, E. American Government, 1991
• Thomas, E. American Democracy, 2001