chapter 5 protective packaging and materials handling
TRANSCRIPT
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CHAPTER 5CHAPTER 5
Protective Packaging and Protective Packaging and Materials HandlingMaterials Handling
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Learning Objectives
To know how product features affect packaging and materials handling
To identify the functions performed by protective packaging
To analyze the utilization of unit loads in materials handling
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Learning Objectives
To appreciate how the environmental protection movement has affected packaging and package choice
To learn materials handling principles
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Protective Packaging and Materials Handling
Key Terms
Building-blocks concept
Bulk materials Compliance
labeling
Key Terms
Ergonomics Materials
handling Package testing
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Protective Packaging and Materials Handling
Key Terms
Pallets Recycled content Slip sheet
Key Terms
Unitization Unit loads
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Product Characteristics Physical Characteristics
Density of bulk materials Ability to withstand exposure to elements Respiration
Chemical Characteristics Incompatible products Products requiring chemicals
Characteristics must be made known to consumers
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Figure 5-1: Portion of Fabric
Care Label for Levi’s Jeans
Sold in Japan
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Product Characteristics Hazardous Cargo
Explosives Compressed gases Flammable liquids Oxidizers Poisons Radioactive materials Corrosive materials
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Product Characteristics Environmental Protection
Reduce packing materials used Use packaging materials that are more
environmentally friendly with recycled content Use reusable containers Retain or support services that collect used packaging
and recycle it
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Product Characteristics Packaging Scrap Disposal
Pallet shredder
Metric System usage
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Figure 5-3: A Pallet Shredder Designed
to Reduce the Cubic Volume of
Wooden Pallets and Crating So That
They Cost Less to Transport
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Packaging Building-blocks concept
Smallest unit is consumer package Each unit is stocked within the next larger one to
protect the product
Promotional functions of boxes
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Packaging Protective functions of packaging
Enclose materials Restrain materials from undesired movement Separate contents to prevent undesired contact Cushion contents from outside vibrations and shocks Support the weight of identical containers stacked above Position the contents to provide maximum protection Provide for uniform weight distribution Provide exterior surface for labeling Be tamperproof Be safe for consumers or others
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Figure 5-7: Checklist for
Box Users
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Figure 5-9: Boxmaker’s Certificate
(BMC)
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Packaging Package testing
Vibrations Dropping Horizontal impacts Compression Overexposure to extreme temperatures or moisture Rough handling
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Figure 5-10: Results of
Compression Test
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Packaging A package system requires 3 types of
information to design Severity of the distribution environment Fragility of the product Performance characteristics of various cushion
materials
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Packaging Labeling
Retroflective labels Batch numbers Weight Specific contents Instructions for use Information to allow passage through customs Compliance labeling One- or two-dimensional bar codes Smart labels or RFID labels
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Figure 5-14: Examples of
Shipping Labels
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Figure 5-16: A Handheld Laser Scanner Scanning
Labels on a Pallet Load of Product Sitting in a
Warehouse Rack
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling
Basic unit is a pallet or skid Lumber is expensive so firms want pallets
returned Provides cushioning effect in transport Quality of pallets varies widely Chep USA rents pallets in wood or plastic Should be less than 50 pounds—difficult with
plastic Metal also used in closed loop systems
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling
A unit load is one or more boxes secured to a pallet or skid so that boxes can be handled by mechanical means
Rainbow pallet load Unitization describes this type of handling Slip sheet can be used in place of pallet
Saves vertical room Requires more care when moving
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling
Advantages Additional protection Pilferage is discouraged More fragile items can be
stacked inside the load Mechanical devices can
be substituted for hand labor
Disadvantages Provides large quantity
that sometimes is of limited value to resellers dealing in smaller quantities
Must use mechanical or automated device to move
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Figure 5-19: A Battery Powered Lift Truck Used for Stock
Picking
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling
An intermodal container holds the unit load Interchangeable among rail, truck, and water
carriers Air carriers usually use irregular shaped
containers made to fit fuselage
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Figure 5-21: Various Types of
Intermodal Surface
Containers
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Unit Loads in Materials Handling
Equipment loading Load-planning Bracing Inflatable dunnage bags Load is subjected to five forces
Vibration Centrifugal Retardation Roll Pitch
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Figure 15-25: The Building-Blocks
Concept of Packaging: A
Summary
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Materials Handling
Materials handling refers to how the materials or products are handled physically.
How the products are handled depends on whether they are packaged or in bulk
Handling may change the characteristics of the product
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Materials Handling Principles
Orientation Requirements Integrated system Standardization Just-in-time Unit load
Minimum travel Space utilization Ergonomics Energy Ecology Mechanization
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Materials Handling Principles
Automation Flexibility Simplification Gravity Safety Computerization
Systems flow Layout Cost Maintenance Obsolescence Team solution
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Materials Handling in the Supply Chain
Products can move throughout the entire supply chain
Bar codes, two-dimension codes, radio-frequency codes systems facilitate integration throughout the supply chain