CHAPTER 5 REVIEW8TH GRADE AMERICAN HISTORY

2014-2015

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In 1777, the Continental Congress adopted a set of laws to govern the United States

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ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

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A plan for a government that describes the different parts of the government and their duties and powers

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CONSTITUTION

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A government by the people

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DEMOCRACY

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A government run by the people through their elected representatives

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REPUBLIC

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Oppositions to Articles of Confederation

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TOO MUCH POWER TO ORDINARY CITIZENS

LACKED NATIONAL COURT SYSTEM

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Three strong Nationalists who wanted to strengthen the national government

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GEORGE WASHINGTONJAMES MADISONALEXANDER HAMILTON

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In 1786, Nationalists held a convention called..

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ANNAPOLIS CONVENTION

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Upset farmers in MA about direct tax imposed on them to pay off debts

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SHAY’S REBELLION

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Outcome of Shay’s Rebellion…

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-STATE GOVT. SENT IN ARMY TO QUIET REBELLION-REBELLION SHOWED THAT STEPS NEEDED TO BE TAKEN TO STRENGTHEN NATIONAL GOVT. -MAY 1787, CALLED FOR CONVENTION FOR GOVT. REFORM

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What took place in May 1787 in Philadelphia?

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CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION

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Document that have governed the United States for more than 200 years

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THE CONSTITUTION

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Father of the Constitution

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JAMES MADISON

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To revise

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AMEND

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Plan for creation of bicameral (2 house) legislature. Each state would send representatives in proportion to the number of its citizens

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VIRGINIA PLAN

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Prohibit from becoming law

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VETO

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Plan to give every state an equal vote in unicameral Congress

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NEW JERSEY PLAN

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Made a legislative branch of two houses

One house, the senate, each state, regardless of its size, would have the same number of representatives

Another house, the House of Representatives, the number of seats allowed per state would be based on each state’s population

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GREAT COMPROMISE

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3/5 of state’s slave population would be counted when determining representation

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3/5 COMPROMISE

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A system in which power is shared among state and national authorities

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FEDERAL SYSTEM OF GOVERNMENT

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Each branch has its own area of authority, but no one branch has complete power over the government

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SEPARATION OF POWERS

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This system gives each branch the power to check, or stop, the other branches in certain ways

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CHECKS AND BALANCES

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approve

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RATIFY

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Favored constitution

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FEDERALISTS

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Three Federalists

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GEORGE WASHINGTONJAMES MADISONALEXANDER HAMILTON

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Essays published to urge people to approve the Constitution

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THE FEDERALIST

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A group that is concerned only with its own interests

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FACTION

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Those who opposed the Constitution

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ANTI-FEDERALISTS

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Feared people more than the govt

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FEDERALISTS

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Feared the govt more than the people

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ANTI-FEDERALISTS

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Why did the Federalists win?

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1. ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION HAD FLAWS2. FEDERALISTS HAD A PLAN3. FEDERALISTS WERE ORGANIZED4. FEDERALISTS HAD GEORGE WASHINGTON

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Ten amendments drafted by James Madison

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BILL OF RIGHTS

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1st amendment

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FREEDOM OF RELIGION, SPEECH, PRESS, ASSEMBLY, AND PETITION

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2nd amendment

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RIGHT TO BEAR ARMS

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3rd amendment

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RESTRICTS MANNER TO HOUSE TROOPS IN HOMES OF CITIZENS

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4th amendment

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PROTECTS AGAINST UNREASONABLE SEARCHES AND SEIZURES

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5th amendment

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MUST BE ACCUSED BY GRAND JURY BEFORE BEING TRIED FOR SERIOUS FEDERAL CRIME, PROHIBITS UNFAIR ACTIONS BY FED. GOVT., 2ND JEOPARDY, GOVT. TAKING PROPERTY FOR PUBLIC USE WITHOUT PAY

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6th amendment

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RIGHT TO A SWIFT AND FAIR TRIAL

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7th amendment

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RIGHT TO A JURY TRAIL

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8th amendment

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PROTECTS AGAINST CRUEL AND UNUSUAL PUNISHMENT AND EXCESSIVE BAIL

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9th amendment

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PEOPLE HAVE RIGHTS BEYOND THOSE STATED IN CONSTITUTION

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10th amendment

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ALL POWERS NOT GUARANTEED TO THE FED. GOVT. AND NO WITHHELD FROM THE STATE ARE HELD BY EACH OF THE STATES, OR THEIR CITIZENS

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Anti-Federalists believed the Bill of Rights was needed to…

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RESTRAIN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT

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1st vice president

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JOHN ADAMS

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1st attorney general

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EDMUND RANDOLPH (VIRGINIA PLAN)

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1st secretary of war

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HENRY KNOX (SAME POSITION UNDER ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION)

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1st secretary of state

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THOMAS JEFFERSON (EXPERIENCE WITH FRANCE, DIDN’T FULLY SUPPORT GOVERNMENT)

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1st secretary of treasury

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ALEXANDER HAMILTON (DID NOT GET ALONG WITH JEFFERSON)

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An act or statement that becomes an example, rule, or tradition to be followed

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PRECEDENT

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George Washington won the presidential election unanimously in which two years..

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1789 & 1792

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1st capital

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NEW YORK CITY, 1789-1790

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2nd Capital

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PHILADELPHIA, 1790-1800

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3rd Capital

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WASHINGTON, DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 1800-

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Specified that the capital would be 10-square-mile stretch of land on Potomac River near Washington’s home in Mount Vernon

City located along Maryland/Virginia border

Governed by federal authorities, not by either state

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RESIDENCE ACT OF 1790

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When & why was the capital renamed?

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1799, AFTER PRESIDENT WASHINGTON'S DEATH

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TEST TOMORROW!

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Key terms

Outlines

End of the chapter questions

Online test, phschool.com

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