chapter 5 section 3 democracy and greece’s golden age
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Chapter 5 Section 3 Democracy and Greece’s Golden Age. Golden Age of Athens 477 B.C. – 431 B.C. Pericles’ Plan for Athens. Pericles was a statesman who influenced life in Athens for 32 years. Pericles had three goals. 1. Create a Stronger Democracy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5 Section 3Democracy and Greece’s Golden
Age• Golden Age of Athens• 477 B.C. – 431 B.C.
Pericles’ Plan for Athens Pericles was a
statesman who influenced life in Athens for 32 years.
Pericles had three goals
1. Create a Stronger Democracy Increased number of public officials and
they were paid Pericles developed a direct democracy.
What is it? Citizens rule directly, not through
representatives
2. Athenian Empire Pericles took money from the Delian
League’s treasury to strengthen the navy
Other members of Delian League were treated as part of the empire
Peloponnesus cities (Sparta) resisted Athens and formed their own alliances
3. Glorifying Athens Without League’s
approval, Pericles used money to beautify Athens
Glorious Art and Architecture
• Wanted to create magnificent sculptures and buildings like the Parthenon
Architecture and Sculpture
Phidias worked on the Parthenon
Works portrayed ideal beauty not realism
These works became known as classical art
Phidias
Drama and History
• Greeks created drama as an art form and built the first theaters
Tragedy and Comedy Tragedy: serious
drama about common themes
Hero usually had a flaw such as hubris.
3 tragedy writers Aeschylus who
wrote Oresteia a story based on Agamemnon
Sophocles wrote Oedipus the King and Antigone
Euripides wrote Medea
Tragedy and Comedy Cont.d’ Comedies had
slapstick and crude humor
Aristophanes wrote The Birds and Lysistrata
History Homer’s records
are not accurate.
Herodotus accurately reported events
Athenian Thucydides was the greatest historian
Athenians and Spartans Go to War Other Greek
city-states looked at Athens in a negative way
431 B.C. Sparta declared war on Athens
Peloponnesian War Athens vs.
Spartans Athens had a
stronger navy, Sparta had a stronger army
Pericles wanted to avoid land battle and attack on the sea
Spartans marched into Athenian territory and burnt their food supply
Peloponnesian War Cont.d’ Pericles brought
people into the city walls Food could be
brought by ships that sailed into the ports of Athenian colonies.
2nd year of war a plague swept through Athens killed 1/3 of the population including Pericles.
421 B.C. a truce was signed
Sparta Gains Victory Peace didn’t last
415 B.C. Athenians sent a fleet with 20,000 soldiers to Sicily attempting to destroy Syracuse, Sparta's ally
413 Athens was defeated
In 404 B.C. Athenians and allies surrendered
Philosophers Search for Truth
Athenians questioned Democratic government
Philosophers emerged to seek the truth and based their findings on two assumptions
1. The universe is put together in an orderly way and subject to absolute and unchanging laws.
2. People can understand these laws through logic and reason.
Philosophers Search for Truth Protagoras, a
philosopher in the Sophists group, questioned the existence of traditional Greek gods
Socrates Critic of the
Sophists Stated absolute
standard did exist for truth andjustice
Either people admired him or thought he was strange
He encouraged students to examine their beliefs
Asked them questions to show that people had contradictory opinions
These question/answer sessions led to the Socratic method
Socrates Cont.d’ 399 B.C. he was
brought to trial for “corrupting the youth of Athens” and “neglecting the city’s gods”
Socrates said his teachings were good
Jury condemned him to death
He drank hemlock and died
Plato Student of
Socrates Founded a school
called the Academy
Wrote his most famous work, The Republic
Described his perfectly governed society Not a democracy
Plato Cont.d’ His ideal, citizens
fell into three groups
Farmers and artisans, warriors, and ruling class
His rivals, Socrates and his pupil Aristotle
PLATO ARISTOTLE
Aristotle Questioned the
nature of the world and human belief, thought and knowledge
Invented a method for arguing according to logic.
This provides the basis of the scientific method used today.
Aristotle Cont.d’ Opened a school
called the Lyceum.
Alexander, son of King Philip II of Macedonia, was one of his most famous pupils
Taught him at age 13 until he was called back home at age 16.