Chapter 5: SensationChapter 5: Sensation

The Eyes Have It

The better to hear you with.

Sensational

Theories and Concepts

Amazing!

100

1. Cones are different from rods in 1. Cones are different from rods in that:that:

• A) rods respond to color.

• B) cones respond to color.

• C) cones need less light.

• D) B and C are true.

2. The center of the retina is the 2. The center of the retina is the ___ and has mostly ___. ___ and has mostly ___.

• A) fovea; cones

• B) fovea; rods

• C) blind spot; ganglion cells

• D) optic disk; nerves

3. The lens thins or thickens to 3. The lens thins or thickens to focus light in a process known as:focus light in a process known as:

• A) visual sharpening.

• B) lens bending.

• C) accommodation.

• D) optic chiasm.

4. Weber’s law has to do with the 4. Weber’s law has to do with the ___ of a stimulus. ___ of a stimulus.

• A) absolute threshold

• B) just noticeable difference

• C) subliminal threshold

• D) sensory adaptation

5.5. If someone is severely damaged If someone is severely damaged in the left visual cortex, they in the left visual cortex, they would be unable to see:would be unable to see:

• A) anything in their left eye.

• B) anything in their right eye.

• C) anything in their right visual field.

• D) anything in their left visual field.

6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to 6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to ___.___.

• A) pitch; loudness

• B) loudness; pitch

• C) pitch; timbre

• D) decibels; hertz

7. The sequence of hearing is in the 7. The sequence of hearing is in the order of: order of:

• A) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear, inner ear.

• B) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, inner ear.

• C) eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal, cochlea.

• D) auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, cochlea.

8. Normal conversation (60 8. Normal conversation (60 decibels) is ___ times louder than a decibels) is ___ times louder than a 20 decibel whisper.20 decibel whisper.• A) 3

• B) 10,000

• C) 100

• D) 3,000

9. The ___ has the sensory receptors 9. The ___ has the sensory receptors for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like fibers. fibers.

• A) ear canal

• B) stirrup

• C) basilar membrane

• D) tympanic membrane

10. Nerve deafness:10. Nerve deafness:

• A) can be caused by exposure to amplitude over 80 decibels.

• B) can be corrected by a hearing aid.

• C) is more likely the result of heavy traffic than by a rock concert.

• D) all of the above.

11. Unlike other senses, the sense 11. Unlike other senses, the sense of ___ does not travel to the of ___ does not travel to the thalamus, but goes directly to the thalamus, but goes directly to the cerebral cortex.cerebral cortex.• A) gustation

• B) olfaction

• C) vestibular

• D) kinesthesia

12. Receptor cells have been 12. Receptor cells have been identified for five tastes including identified for five tastes including sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___. sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___.

• A) wet; rough

• B) hot; bitter

• C) spicy; acrid

• D) bitter; umami

13. The kinesthetic sense 13. The kinesthetic sense involves:involves:

• A) the sense of balance or equilibrium.

• B) the sense of pain.

• C) the location and position of body parts in relation to each other.

• D) hair-like receptor cells in the semicircular canals.

14. The gate-control theory has to 14. The gate-control theory has to do with:do with:

• A) how the brain regulates pain.

• B) how the brain sensitizes us to feel more acutely.

• C) providing information about body position and movement.

• D) difference thresholds in the sense of touch.

15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg 15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg beneath the knee, he often beneath the knee, he often experiences great pain in his left experiences great pain in his left foot. This is known as:foot. This is known as:

• A) psychosomatic pain.

• B) phantom limb pain.

• C) substance P overload.

• D) ineffective pain gate.

16. Analyzing that begins with the 16. Analyzing that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of data is called:brain’s integration of data is called:

• A) sensory processing.

• B) bottom-up processing.

• C) natural order integration.

• D) informational flow.

17. The minimum stimulus necessary 17. The minimum stimulus necessary to detect it 50% of the time is called to detect it 50% of the time is called the: the:

• A) central tendency.

• B) minimum flash point.

• C) absolute threshold.

• D) sensory half-life.

18. A movie theater’s manager wants 18. A movie theater’s manager wants to sell more popcorn by flashing to sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal advertising during the subliminal advertising during the

previews. You tell him:previews. You tell him: • A) subliminal persuasion doesn’t work.• B) he needs to do it several times.• C) he must accompany it with a bell.• D) he has to time it differently for it to

work on different people.

19. 19. According to the Young-According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, the retina Helmholtz theory, the retina contains color receptors: contains color receptors:

• A) which pick up opponent colors of red/green, blue/yellow, black/white.

• B) of three types, sensitive to red, green and blue.

• C) of three types, sensitive to red, blue and yellow.

• D) none of the above.

20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if 20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us to notice much of a difference, how much to notice much of a difference, how much would a $20,000 car have to increase for would a $20,000 car have to increase for us to notice?us to notice?

• A) $2,000

• B) $200

• C) $5,000

• D) $1,000

21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural 21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural hearing loss.  His best chance of hearing loss.  His best chance of correcting his hearing is by:correcting his hearing is by:

• A) a hearing aid.

• B) using bone conduction.

• C) a cochlear implant.

• D) any of the above would be helpful.

22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus 22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus detection depends on experience, detection depends on experience, expectations, motivation, and level of expectations, motivation, and level of

alertness.alertness.

• A) Stimulus-response• B) Choice pattern recognition• C) Signal detection• D) Sensory consolidation

23. In nearsightedness, the light rays 23. In nearsightedness, the light rays coming into the eye:coming into the eye:

• A) fail to focus in the eye.

• B) focus in front of the retina.

• C) focus behind the retina.

• D) always register as a blur.

24: The blind spot does not normally 24: The blind spot does not normally impair vision because:impair vision because:

• A) the eyes are constantly moving

• B) what one eye misses the other sees.

• C) our brain fills in the spaces.

• D) all of the above.

25. Unlike computers, our brain is 25. Unlike computers, our brain is able to perform several operations at able to perform several operations at once, called:once, called:

• A) sensory redundancy.

• B) serial processing.

• C) cognitive flow.

• D) parallel processing.

Stop here, or continue as a review

1. Cones are different from rods in 1. Cones are different from rods in that:that:

• A) rods respond to color.

• B) cones respond to color.

• C) cones need less light.

• D) B and C are true.

208

2. The center of the retina is the 2. The center of the retina is the ___ and has mostly ___. ___ and has mostly ___.

• A) fovea; cones

• B) fovea; rods

• C) blind spot; ganglion cells

• D) optic disk; nerves

207

3. The lens thins or thickens to 3. The lens thins or thickens to focus light in a process known as:focus light in a process known as:

• A) visual sharpening.

• B) lens bending.

• C) accommodation.

• D) optic chiasm.

205

4. Weber’s law has to do with the 4. Weber’s law has to do with the ___ of a stimulus. ___ of a stimulus.

• A) absolute threshold

• B) just noticeable difference

• C) subliminal threshold

• D) sensory adaptation

202

5.5. If someone is severely damaged If someone is severely damaged in the left visual cortex, they in the left visual cortex, they would be unable to see:would be unable to see:

• A) anything in their left eye.

• B) anything in their right eye.

• C) anything in their right visual field.

• D) anything in their left visual field.

208

6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to 6. Frequency is to ___ as amplitude is to ___.___.

• A) pitch; loudness

• B) loudness; pitch

• C) pitch; timbre

• D) decibels; hertz

216

7. The sequence of hearing is in the 7. The sequence of hearing is in the order of:order of:

• A) eardrum, auditory canal, middle ear, inner ear.

• B) cochlea, eardrum, middle ear, inner ear.

• C) eardrum, middle ear, auditory canal, cochlea.

• D) auditory canal, eardrum, middle ear, cochlea.

217

8. Normal conversation (60 8. Normal conversation (60 decibels) is ___ times louder than a decibels) is ___ times louder than a 20 decibel whisper.20 decibel whisper.• A) 3

• B) 10,000

• C) 100

• D) 3,000

216

9. The ___ has the sensory receptors 9. The ___ has the sensory receptors for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like for sound consisting of tiny, hair-like fibers.fibers.

• A) ear canal

• B) stirrup

• C) basilar membrane

• D) tympanic membrane

217

10. Nerve deafness:10. Nerve deafness:

• A) can be caused by exposure to amplitude over 80 decibels.

• B) can be corrected by a hearing aid.

• C) is more likely the result of heavy traffic than by a rock concert.

• D) all of the above.

216

11. Unlike other senses, the sense 11. Unlike other senses, the sense of ___ does not travel to the of ___ does not travel to the thalamus, but goes directly to the thalamus, but goes directly to the cerebral cortex.cerebral cortex.• A) gustation

• B) olfaction

• C) vestibular

• D) kinesthesia

231

12. Receptor cells have been 12. Receptor cells have been identified for five tastes including identified for five tastes including sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___. sweet, salty, sour, ___ and ___.

• A) wet; rough

• B) hot; bitter

• C) spicy; acrid

• D) bitter; umami

229

13. The kinesthetic sense 13. The kinesthetic sense involves:involves:

• A) the sense of balance or equilibrium.

• B) the sense of pain.• C) the location and position of

body parts in relation to each other.

• D) hair-like receptor cells in the semicircular canals.

233

14. The gate-control theory has to 14. The gate-control theory has to do with:do with:

• A) how the brain regulates pain.

• B) how the brain sensitizes us to feel more acutely.

• C) providing information about body position and movement.

• D) difference thresholds in the sense of touch.

227

15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg 15. Although Jeremy lost his left leg beneath the knee, he often beneath the knee, he often experiences great pain in his left experiences great pain in his left foot. This is known as:foot. This is known as:

• A) psychosomatic pain.

• B) phantom limb pain.

• C) substance P overload.

• D) ineffective pain gate.

227

16. Analyzing that begins with the 16. Analyzing that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the sensory receptors and works up to the brain’s integration of data is called:brain’s integration of data is called:

• A) sensory processing.

• B) bottom-up processing.

• C) natural order integration.

• D) informational flow.

197

17. The minimum stimulus necessary 17. The minimum stimulus necessary to detect it 50% of the time is called to detect it 50% of the time is called the: the:

• A) central tendency.

• B) minimum flash point.

• C) absolute threshold.

• D) sensory half-life.

199

18. A movie theater’s manager wants to 18. A movie theater’s manager wants to sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal sell more popcorn by flashing subliminal

advertising during previews. You tell him:advertising during previews. You tell him:

• A) subliminal persuasion doesn’t work.

• B) he needs to do it several times.• C) he must accompany it with a bell.• D) he has to time it differently for it to

work on different people.201

19. 19. According to the Young-According to the Young-Helmholtz theory, the retina Helmholtz theory, the retina contains color receptors: contains color receptors: • A) which pick up opponent colors of

red/green, blue/yellow, black/white. • B) of three types, sensitive to red, green

and blue. • C) of three types, sensitive to red, blue

and yellow. • D) none of the above.

198

20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if 20. Applying Weber’s Law to business, if a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us a $5 meal has to increase to $5.50 for us to notice much of a difference, how much to notice much of a difference, how much would a $20,000 car have to increase for would a $20,000 car have to increase for us to notice?us to notice?

• A) $2,000

• B) $200

• C) $5,000

• D) $1,000

204

21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural 21. Mr. Jones has sensorineural hearing loss.  His best chance of hearing loss.  His best chance of correcting his hearing is by:correcting his hearing is by:

• A) a hearing aid.

• B) using bone conduction.

• C) a cochlear implant.

• D) any of the above would be helpful.

200

22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus 22. ___ theory assumes that stimulus detection depends on experience, detection depends on experience, expectations, motivation, and level of expectations, motivation, and level of

alertness.alertness.

• A) Stimulus-response• B) Choice pattern recognition• C) Signal detection• D) Sensory consolidation

199

23. In nearsightedness, the light rays 23. In nearsightedness, the light rays coming into the eye:coming into the eye:

• A) fail to focus in the eye.

• B) focus in front of the retina.

• C) focus behind the retina.

• D) always register as a blur.

206

24: The blind spot does not normally 24: The blind spot does not normally impair vision because:impair vision because:

• A) the eyes are constantly moving

• B) what one eye misses the other sees.

• C) our brain fills in the spaces.

• D) all of the above.

207

25. Unlike computers, our brain is 25. Unlike computers, our brain is able to perform several operations at able to perform several operations at once, called:once, called:

• A) sensory redundancy.

• B) serial processing.

• C) cognitive flow.

• D) parallel processing.

210

AnswersAnswers

1. B

2. A

3. C

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. D

8. B

9. C

10. A

11. B

12. D

13. C

14. A

15. B

16. B

17. C

18. A

19. C

20. A

21. D

22. C

23. B

24. D

25. D