chapter 5 south asia. notes 5-1 india (pages 144–148)

Chapter 5Chapter 5South AsiaSouth Asia

Notes 5-1Notes 5-1India (pages 144–148)India (pages 144–148)

Did You Know???Did You Know???

In 2000, In 2000, India’sIndia’s population rose population rose above 1 billion above 1 billion people for the first people for the first time. Only China time. Only China has more people.has more people.

I. India’s Land and Economy I. India’s Land and Economy (pages 144–145)(pages 144–145)

A. India and several other A. India and several other countries—countries—PakistanPakistan, , Bangladesh, Nepal, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and Bhutan, Sri Lanka, and the Maldives—make up the Maldives—make up the the SouthSouth AsianAsian subcontinentsubcontinent. A . A subcontinentsubcontinent is a is a large landmass that is large landmass that is part of another part of another continent but distinct continent but distinct from it.from it.


B. The B. The KarakoramKarakoram Range and the Range and the Himalaya form India’s Himalaya form India’s northern border and northern border and separate South Asia separate South Asia from the rest of Asia. from the rest of Asia. The The HimalayaHimalaya are the are the tallest mountains in tallest mountains in the world, averaging the world, averaging more than more than 55 milesmiles in in height.height.


C. Most of India is warm C. Most of India is warm or hot all year. The or hot all year. The HimalayaHimalaya blockblock coldcold northernnorthern airair from from sweeping south into the sweeping south into the country. country. MonsoonsMonsoons, or , or seasonal winds that seasonal winds that blow steadily from the blow steadily from the same direction for same direction for months, also influence months, also influence the climate.the climate.


D. Today, India raises most D. Today, India raises most of the food it needs, but of the food it needs, but it was different in the it was different in the past. Since India’s past. Since India’s independence, its independence, its government has made an government has made an effort to improve farming effort to improve farming output by using modern output by using modern techniques and science. techniques and science. The result is called the The result is called the greengreen revolutionrevolution..


E. India has many E. India has many industries. Recently industries. Recently AmericanAmerican computercomputer companiescompanies have have opened offices in opened offices in India, making it an India, making it an important source of important source of computer software. computer software. Mining is also a Mining is also a major industry.major industry.


F. Many Indian products F. Many Indian products are manufactured in are manufactured in cottagecottage industriesindustries. A . A cottagecottage industryindustry is a is a home- or village-based home- or village-based industry in which industry in which familyfamily members, members, including including childrenchildren, , supply their own supply their own equipment to make equipment to make goods. Products include goods. Products include cotton cloth, silk cloth, cotton cloth, silk cloth, rugs, leather products, rugs, leather products, and metalware.and metalware.

II. The World’s Largest II. The World’s Largest Democracy (pages 145–Democracy (pages 145–

146)146)A. Like the United A. Like the United

States, India is a States, India is a democracydemocracy..


146)146)B. The most important B. The most important

difference between difference between the two systems is the two systems is that most of the power that most of the power to run the government to run the government of India is held not by of India is held not by the the presidentpresident, but by , but by the the primeprime ministerminister, , who is appointed by who is appointed by the ruling party.the ruling party.


146)146)C. India’s second C. India’s second

Prime Minister, Prime Minister, IndiraIndira GandhiGandhi, , tried to help India’s tried to help India’s poor by providing poor by providing low-cost housing low-cost housing and giving land to and giving land to those who owned those who owned none. She also none. She also extended extended votingvoting rightsrights..


146)146)D. India’s economic D. India’s economic

growth has brought growth has brought challenges to the challenges to the environmentenvironment..

III. India’s History and III. India’s History and People (pages 146–148)People (pages 146–148)

A. In the 1500s B.C., A. In the 1500s B.C., warriors known as warriors known as Aryans set up Aryans set up kingdoms in kingdoms in northern India. northern India. Aryan beliefs Aryan beliefs gradually blended gradually blended with the practices with the practices of the local people of the local people to form the religion to form the religion of of HinduismHinduism..


B. A B. A castecaste was a was a socialsocial classclass based based on a person’s on a person’s ancestryancestry. The . The caste system still caste system still influences Indian influences Indian life, although laws life, although laws now forbid unfair now forbid unfair treatment of one treatment of one group by another.group by another.


C. The British were the C. The British were the last of India’s last of India’s conquerors, ruling conquerors, ruling from the 1700s to from the 1700s to the mid-1900s. An the mid-1900s. An Indian leader named Indian leader named Mohandas Gandhi Mohandas Gandhi led a led a nonviolent nonviolent resistance resistance movement.movement.


D. When India won its D. When India won its independence from independence from Great Britain in Great Britain in 19471947, , Muslims Muslims were afraid were afraid their voices would not their voices would not be heard by the Hindu be heard by the Hindu majority. majority. East East and and West Pakistan West Pakistan were were created, one on each created, one on each side of India, as a side of India, as a Muslim homeland. Muslim homeland. East Pakistan East Pakistan is now is now BangladeshBangladesh..


E. About E. About 80 percent 80 percent of India’s people of India’s people are are HindusHindus, but , but Islam Islam has over has over 140 million 140 million followers in India.followers in India.


F. India has F. India has 18 18 official languages, official languages, including including Hindi Hindi and and EnglishEnglish. . About About 70 percent 70 percent of the people live of the people live in farming villages.in farming villages.

Notes 5-2Notes 5-2Other Countries of South Other Countries of South

Asia (pages 150–155)Asia (pages 150–155)

Did You Know???Did You Know???

The events The events surrounding a Pakistani surrounding a Pakistani wedding wedding last for three last for three or four days. Trees, or four days. Trees, lampposts, and bushes lampposts, and bushes near the near the bride’s bride’s house are decorated house are decorated with small, white with small, white lights, similar to the lights, similar to the lights some Americans lights some Americans put up at Christmas. put up at Christmas. Pakistani Pakistani brides brides wear wear red dresses at the red dresses at the wedding wedding ceremony.ceremony.

I. Pakistan (pages 150–I. Pakistan (pages 150–151)151)

A. Pakistan is largely A. Pakistan is largely MuslimMuslim..


B. Towering mountains B. Towering mountains occupy most of occupy most of northern and western northern and western Pakistan. The Pakistan. The HinduHindu KushKush mountain range mountain range lies in the far north. lies in the far north. Several passes cut Several passes cut through its rugged through its rugged peaks. The best known peaks. The best known is the is the KhyberKhyber PassPass. . For centuries, it has For centuries, it has been used by people been used by people traveling through South traveling through South Asia from the north.Asia from the north.


C. C. KashmirKashmir is a mostly is a mostly MuslimMuslim territory on the territory on the northern border of northern border of IndiaIndia and and PakistanPakistan. . KashmirKashmir is is currently divided between currently divided between the two countries. Both the two countries. Both nations want to control the nations want to control the entire region, mainly for its entire region, mainly for its vast water resources. This vast water resources. This dispute over dispute over KashmirKashmir has has sparked three sparked three warswars between Pakistan and between Pakistan and India.India.


D. Pakistan has had D. Pakistan has had many changes of many changes of government since government since independence—independence—some were some were electedelected, others , others seizedseized power. power.


E. The official E. The official language, language, UrduUrdu, is , is the first language the first language of only 9 percent of of only 9 percent of the people. the people. EnglishEnglish is widely is widely spoken in spoken in government.government.


F. In the far north lies F. In the far north lies IslamabadIslamabad, the , the capital. The capital. The government built government built this well planned, this well planned, modern city to modern city to draw people inland draw people inland from crowded from crowded coastal areas.coastal areas.

II. Bangladesh (pages 151–II. Bangladesh (pages 151–152)152)

A. A. BangladeshBangladesh is is nearly surrounded nearly surrounded by India and shares by India and shares many cultural many cultural features with features with IndiaIndia..


B. Two major rivers—B. Two major rivers—the the BrahmaputraBrahmaputra River and the River and the GangesGanges River— River—flow through the flow through the lush, low plains lush, low plains that cover most of that cover most of BangladeshBangladesh..


C. The C. The monsoonsmonsoons affect affect Bangladesh. When the Bangladesh. When the monsoons end, monsoons end, cyclonescyclones may strike. A may strike. A cyclonecyclone is an intense is an intense tropical storm system tropical storm system with high winds and with high winds and heavy rains. heavy rains. CyclonesCyclones, , in turn, may be followed in turn, may be followed by deadly tidal waves by deadly tidal waves that surge up from the that surge up from the BayBay ofof BengalBengal..

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Tropical_Cyclone_4B_%282002%29.jpg


D. Most people farm. D. Most people farm. RiceRice is the most is the most important crop. The important crop. The fertile soil and fertile soil and plentiful water make it plentiful water make it possible for possible for ricerice to be to be grown and harvested grown and harvested threethree times a year. times a year. Still, Bangladesh Still, Bangladesh cannotcannot grow enough grow enough food for its people. food for its people.


E. E. BangladeshBangladesh is is one of the most one of the most densely populated densely populated and poorest and poorest countries in the countries in the world.world.

III. Nepal (pages 152–III. Nepal (pages 152–153)153)

A. A. Nepal’sNepal’s land land forms a stairway to forms a stairway to the world’s highest the world’s highest mountain range—mountain range—the the HimalayaHimalaya. . Nepal is home to Nepal is home to MountMount EverestEverest..


B. Nepal’s economy B. Nepal’s economy depends on depends on farmingfarming. Farmers . Farmers grow grow ricerice, , sugarcanesugarcane, wheat, , wheat, corn, and corn, and potatoespotatoes..


C. Nepal is a C. Nepal is a parliamentaryparliamentary democracydemocracy ruled ruled by a by a primeprime ministerminister. The . The capital and largest capital and largest city is city is KathmanduKathmandu..

IV. Bhutan (pages 153–IV. Bhutan (pages 153–154)154)

A. The A. The HimalayaHimalaya are the are the major landform of the major landform of the country. More than 90 country. More than 90 percent of Bhutan’s percent of Bhutan’s people are people are subsistencesubsistence farmersfarmers. They live in . They live in the fertile mountain the fertile mountain valleys and grow valleys and grow cardamomcardamom, , orangesoranges, , ricerice, corn, and potatoes. , corn, and potatoes. People also herd People also herd cattlecattle and and yaksyaks, which are a , which are a type of oxen.type of oxen.


B. Most people B. Most people remain deeply loyal remain deeply loyal to to BuddhismBuddhism. In . In Bhutan, Buddhist Bhutan, Buddhist centers of prayer centers of prayer and study are called and study are called dzongsdzongs. They have . They have shaped the shaped the country’s art and country’s art and culture. culture.


C. In 1998 Bhutan C. In 1998 Bhutan began to move began to move toward toward democracydemocracy..

V. Sri Lanka (pages 154–V. Sri Lanka (pages 154–155)155)

A. Sri Lanka is one of A. Sri Lanka is one of the world’s leading the world’s leading producers of producers of teatea and and rubberrubber. It is . It is also famous for its also famous for its sapphiressapphires, , rubiesrubies, and other , and other gemstonesgemstones..


B. The B. The BritishBritish ruled ruled Sri Lanka—then Sri Lanka—then called called CeylonCeylon——from 1802 to 1948, from 1802 to 1948, when it became when it became independent. independent. Today Sri Lanka is Today Sri Lanka is a a republicrepublic..


C. Sri Lanka’s people C. Sri Lanka’s people belong to two major belong to two major ethnic groups, the ethnic groups, the SinhaleseSinhalese and the and the TamilsTamils. The . The SinhaleseSinhalese live in the live in the southern and western southern and western parts of the island. parts of the island. The The TamilsTamils live live mostly in the north mostly in the north and east.and east.


D. Since 1983 the D. Since 1983 the Tamils and Tamils and Sinhalese have Sinhalese have fought a violent fought a violent civilcivil warwar..

The EndThe End

chapter 5 south asia. notes 5-1 india (pages 144–148)

Documents

india pages

indias land

indias history

economy pages

indias independence

indias poor

indias conquerors

indias population