chapter 5: the caribbean
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Chapter 5: The Caribbean. Learning Objectives. Explain the historical and cultural linkages that define the cultural, economic and political boundaries of this complex region. Examine the role primary commodities and tourism play in the Caribbean economy. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter 5: The Caribbean
Diversity Amid Globalization, 3rd edition: Rowntree, Lewis, Price & Wyckoff 2
Learning ObjectivesExplain the historical and cultural linkages that define the cultural, economic and political boundaries of this complex region.
Examine the role primary commodities and tourism play in the Caribbean economy.
Discuss the relationships between the Caribbean and the rest of the Western Hemisphere (i.e., Latin America and the United States)
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Key ConceptsIsolated ProximityRimlandGreater and Lesser AntillesHurricanesDiasporaCircular and Chain MigrationTransnationalismHouseyards
CreolizationPlantation AmericaMono-crop ProductionIndentured LaborMaroon SocietiesMonroe DoctrineNeocolonialismFree Trade ZonesOffshore BankingCapital Leakage
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Setting the Boundaries25 countries and dependent territories
Caribbean Islands, Belize (Central America) and the Guianas (Guyana, Suriname and French Guiana in South America)
Isolated ProximityContributes to cultural diversity, limited or dependent economic opportunity and transnationalism
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The Caribbean
Figure 5.1
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Figure 5.4
Environmental
Issues - Overview
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Environmental Issues (cont’d)
Deforestation
Rimland Forest and Coastal Management
Failed Urban InfrastructureFigure 5.3 – Deforestation in Haiti
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Physical Setting
Figure 5.5
Identify the “Rimland” of the Caribbean.
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The Caribbean Sea
Link between islands and mainland
Greater AntillesLesser AntillesRimland States
Figure 5.6
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Climate Figure 5.8
Examine the climographs.What climatic characteristic exhibits seasonality?
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Vegetation
Tropical Forests
Tropical SavannasPalm Savannas
Mangrove Swamps
Figure 5.9 – El Yunque, Puerto Rico
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HurricanesFigure 5.2.1
Figure 5.2.2
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Population and Settlement
Figure 5.10
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Demographic Indicators - Fertility
Since 1960s:
Fertility Decline
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The Caribbean Diaspora
EmigrationCircular MigrationChain Migration
Transnationalism
Figure 5.12
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Settlement Patterns - Rural
Shaped by plantation agriculture and subsistence farmingImpact of slaveryLesser Antilles: Houseyards
SubsistenceMatriarchal
Figure 5.13
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Caribbean Cities
Since 1960sRural-to-Urban Migration
Colonial influence in urban structure and architecture
Similarities to Latin American city structure
Figure 5.3.1
Old Havana
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Caribbean Cultural Diversity
Complex Mix of Cultures
EuropeanAfricanAsianAmerindian
Creolization
Figure 5.16
Linguistic,Religious &EthnicDiversity
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Cultural Imprint of ColonialismPlantation America
Mono-Crop Production
e.g., sugarcane
Asian ImmigrationIndentured LaborSouth Asian
Figure 5.15
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Transatlantic Slave Trade
Figure 5.17
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African Diaspora – The MaroonsCommunities of runaway slaves
Survival of African traditions
Pressures to modernize
Land conflict between Maroons and private/state interests
Figure 5.5.1
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African Diaspora - ReligionFigure 5.19
What other spatial distribution corresponds with the patterns shown on this map?
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Creolization
Blending of African, European and Amerindian cultural elements
Language and Music
Figure 5.21
Figure 5.4.1
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Geopolitical Framework
Figure 5.23
From Colonialism to Neocolonialism
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U.S. Presence in the Caribbean
- Monroe Doctrine
- “American Backyard”
- Puerto Rico
- Cuba
Figure 5.24
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Agriculture
Historic baseEnvironmental degradationLack of opportunity to expandShift away from mono-crop dependence
Sugar, coffee and bananas
Figure 5.26
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Industrial Development
Free Trade Zones (FTZs)
Duty free and tax-exempt industrial parksForeign corporations
Attractive location for assembly plantsFigure 5.27
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Offshore BankingTax-exempt and confidential
Specialized services
Dates to 1920s: the Bahamas
The Cayman IslandsFigure 5.28
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Tourism Figure 5.29
Figure 5.30 – Nassau, the Bahamas
Figure 5.31 –Montego Bay, Jamaica
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Tourism Issues in the Caribbean
Capital LeakageGap between gross receipts and total tourist dollars that remain in the regionCorporate headquarters outside region
Promotes stronger environmental laws and regulation
Less destructive than traditional export agriculture
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Social Development
Importance of Education