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CHAPTER 5:

THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM


OVERALL SKIN STRUCTURE

3 LAYERS


Figure 5.1 Skin structure.

Epidermis

Hair shaft

Dermis Reticular

layer

Papillary

layer

Hypodermis

(superficial fascia)

Dermal papillae

Pore

Subpapillary vascular plexus

Appendages

of skin

• Eccrine sweat gland

• Arrector pili muscle

• Sebaceous (oil) gland

• Hair follicle • Hair root Nervous structures

• Sensory nerve fiber

• Pacinian corpuscle

• Hair follicle receptor (root hair plexus)

Cutaneous vascular plexus

Adipose tissue


EPIDERMIS

4 (or 5) LAYERS


Figure 5.2 The main structural features of the skin epidermis.

Melanocyte

Melanin granule

Tactile

(Merkel)

cell

Sensory

nerve

ending

Epidermal

dendritic

cell

Dermis

Dermis

Keratinocytes

Desmosomes

(b)

(a)

Stratum corneum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale


DERMIS

2 LAYERS


Figure 5.3 The two regions of the dermis.

Dermis

(a) Light micrograph of thick

skin identifying the extent of

the dermis, (50x)

(b) Papillary layer of dermis, SEM (22,700x)

(c) Reticular layer of dermis, SEM (38,500x)


Figure 5.3a The two regions of the dermis.

Dermis

(a) Light micrograph of thick skin identifying

the extent of the dermis, (50x)


Q1: The type of gland which secretes its

products onto a surface is an _______ gland.

1) Endocrine

2) Exocrine

3) Merocrine

4) Holocrine


Q2: The embryonic tissue which gives rise to

muscle and most connective tissue is…

1) Ectoderm

2) Endoderm

3) Mesoderm


Q3: A melanocyte would be found in the _____

of the epidermis.

1) Stratum basale

2) Stratum spinosum

3) Stratum granulosum

4) Stratum lucidum

5) Stratum corneum

6) Reticular layer

7) Papillary layer


Q4: The main cell type in the epidermis is the...

1) Melanocyte

2) Langerhans Cell

3) Merkel Cell

4) Dendritic Cell

5) Keratinocyte


Q5: The bulk of the dermis is the ______ layer.

1) Epidermal

2) Hypodermal

3) Reticular

4) Papillary


SKIN COLOR

3 PIGMENTS


SKIN APPENDAGES


CUTANEOUS GLANDS


Figure 5.5 Cutaneous glands.

(a) Photomicrograph of a

sectioned sebaceous

gland (220x)

(b) Photomicrograph of

a sectioned eccrine

gland (220x)

Sebaceous

gland duct

Hair in

hair follicle

Secretory cells

Dermal

connective

tissue

Dermal

connective

tissue

Duct

Sebaceous

gland

Sweat pore

Eccrine

gland


A sweat gland in your axilla (armpit) is which

type of gland?

1) Sebaceous

2) Apocrine

3) Eccrine


HAIR FOLLICLES


Figure 5.6a Structure of a hair and hair follicle.

Hair shaft

Arrector pili Sebaceous gland Hair root

Hair bulb

(a) Diagram of a cross section of

a hair within its follicle

• Connective tissue root sheath • Glassy membrane

• External epithelial root sheath

• Internal epithelial root sheath

Follicle wall

• Cuticle • Cortex

• Medulla

Hair


Figure 5.6b Structure of a hair and hair follicle.

(b) Photomicrograph of a cross

section of a hair and hair

follicle (250x)

• Connective tissue root sheath

Follicle wall

• Cuticle

• Glassy membrane

• Cortex

• Medulla

• Internal epithelial root sheath

• External epithelial root sheath

Hair

Hair shaft

Arrector pili

Sebaceous gland

Hair root

Hair bulb


Hair shaft

Arrector pili

Sebaceous gland

Hair root

Hair bulb

(c) Diagram of a longitudinal view of the expanded hair

bulb of the follicle, which encloses the matrix

• Internal epithelial root sheath • External epithelial root sheath

• Connective tissue root sheath Follicle wall

Hair matrix

Melanocyte Hair papilla

Subcutaneous adipose tissue

• Medulla • Cortex • Cuticle

• Glassy membrane

Hair root

Figure 5.6c Structure of a hair and hair follicle.


Figure 5.6d Structure of a hair and hair follicle.

(d) Photomicrograph of longitudinal view

of the hair bulb in the follicle (160x)

Follicle wall

Hair matrix

Hair papilla

Subcutaneous

adipose tissue

Hair root

• Connective tissue root sheath

• Glassy membrane • External epithelial root sheath • Internal epithelial root sheath

• Cuticle

• Cortex

• Medulla

Hair shaft

Arrector pili

Sebaceous gland

Hair root

Hair bulb


Which layer of a hair follicle wall is thickest?

1) Connective tissue root sheath

2) External epithelial root sheath

3) Internal epithelial root sheath


NAILS


Figure 5.7 Structure of a nail.

Lateral

nail fold

Lunule

Nail

matrix

Root of nail

Proximal

nail fold

Hyponychium

Nail bed

Phalanx (bone of fingertip)

Eponychium

(cuticle)

Body

of nail

Free edge

of nail

(a)

(b)


What is the scientific name for the cuticle?

1) Eponychium

2) Hyponychium

3) Lunule

4) Nail matrix


FUNCTIONS


DISEASES

(“HOMEOSTATIC IMBALANCES”)


SKIN CANCER


Figure 5.8 Photographs of skin cancers.


True or false: all skin cancers start out

looking like moles.

1) True

2) False


SKIN BURNS


Figure 5.10 Partial thickness and full thickness burns.

(a) Skin bearing partial

thickness burn (1st and

2nd degree burns)

(b) Skin bearing full

thickness burn

(3rd degree burn)

1st degree

burn

2nd degree

burn

3rd degree

burn


Figure 5.9 Estimating the extent and severity of burns using the rule of nines.

Anterior and posterior head and neck, 9%

4 1 / 2 % 4 1 / 2 %

Anterior and posterior upper limbs, 18%

Anterior and posterior lower limbs, 36%

100%

Totals

Anterior and posterior trunk, 36%

Anterior

trunk,

18%

9% 9% (Perineum, 1%)

4 1 / 2 %


A patient playing with a lighter and a can of

hairspray experienced second- and third-

degree burns covering his entire left arm.

What percent of the body was burned?

1) 4.5 %

2) 9%

3) 18%

4) 8%

chapter 5: the integumentary system - …classpages.warnerpacific.edu/bdupriest/bio 221/chapter...

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