chapter 5: viruses, bacteria and your health key vocabulary
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 5: Viruses, Bacteria and Your
Health
Key Vocabulary
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BacteriaSingle celled organism, prokaryote that contains its genetic material in the cytoplasm
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Binary Fission• • A form of
asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells
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A form of asexual reproduction in which one cell divides to form two identical cells
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Conjugation• Process in which a
unicellular organism transfers some of its genetic to another unicellular organism through a thin threadlike bridge
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DECOMPOSER
• Organism that breaks down chemicals from dead organisms and returns important materials to the soil and water
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Pasteurization
• A process of heating food to a high enough temperature to kill most of the bacteria without changing the taste of the food
•
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Infectious disease• An illness that
can pass from one organism to another
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Toxin
• A poisonous substance that can harm an organism
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Antibiotic• A substance or
chemical that can kill bacteria without harming a person’s cells
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Antibiotic Resistance• The ability of
bacteria to withstand the effects of an antibiotic
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Vaccine• A substance
introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific disease-causing viruses and microorganisms
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Respiration• Process of
breaking down food to release energy
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Asexual Reproduction• Reproductive
process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent
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Sexual Reproduction• Reproductive
process that involves two parents that combine their genetic material to produce a genetically unique offspring
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Host• An organism that
provides a source of energy or a stable environment for a virus or other organism to live
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Parasite• An organism
that lives on or in a host and causes harm to the host
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Pathogen• A disease-causing
agent;• For example: a virus,
bacteria, or protists
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Bacteriophage• A virus that
infects bacteria•
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Virus• A tiny, non-living
particle that invades and then reproduces inside a living cell
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Bacteriophage• A virus that infects
bacteria
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Cytoplasm• Gel-like
substance found inside a cell that contains the cells organelles
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Ribosome• Site of protein
synthesis;• organelle that makes
proteins; • small, non-membrane
covered organelle found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes
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Flagellum• A long, whip-like
structure that enables a bacterial cell to move
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Endospore• A small, rounded,
thick-walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell