chapter 6
TRANSCRIPT
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Human Geography of the United States:
Shaping an Abundant Land
The United States has grown both physically and economically. In the 20th century, the U.S. set aside isolationism and became the world’s sole superpower.
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SECTION 1 History and Government of the United States
SECTION 2 Economy and Culture of the United States
Physical Geography
Looking at the Earth
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SECTION 3 Subregions of the United States
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Section 1
History and Government of the United States • The United States is a “nation of
immigrants,” settled by people from all over the world.
• The United States is the most diverse and highly industrialized and urbanized nation in the world.
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Creating a Nation
Room to Move • The United States:
- occupies two-fifths of North America- world’s third largest country in land area,
population • Rich resources and moderate climate have always
attracted immigrants- constant migration—movement—of peoples
within the country
History and Government of the United States
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Many Peoples Settle the Land • By 11,000 B.C. Asian nomads spread out, develop
different cultures • Spaniards are first Europeans to arrive in the “New
World”- St. Augustine (Florida) is oldest permanent
European settlement (1565) • In the early 1600s French settlers arrive
- settle northern Atlantic Coast along St. Lawrence River (Canada)
- interested in fisheries and fur trade
continued Creating a Nation
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Many Peoples Settle the Land • About the same time English settlers land
- settle Atlantic Coast from present-day Maine to Georgia
- first permanent English settlement Jamestown, Virginia (1607)
• Displace Native Americans, bring African slaves to work plantations
• Columbian Exchange between Old, New Worlds: plants, animals, disease
continued Creating a Nation
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Establishing and Maintaining the Union • French and English fight over trade and territory in
North America- English gain control of everything east of
Mississippi in 1763 • American Revolution (1775–1783): British colonies
form United States • 1803 Louisiana Purchase from France doubles
size of U.S.- includes plains between Mississippi and Rockies
continued Creating a Nation
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Establishing and Maintaining the Union • In early 1800s Western European immigrants arrive
in large numbers - settle in Northeast industrial cities, Midwest
farmlands • Sectionalism—loyalty to region over nation—grows,
creates tension- industrial North versus agricultural South and its
slave labor- Civil War fought between North and South from
1861 to 1865
continued Creating a Nation
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An Industrial and Urban Society
Westward Movement • Pioneers venture west over rugged terrain during
mid- to late 1800s- Oregon Trail—2,000 miles, 6 months over prairie,
desert, mountains • Government moved Native Americans off land by
treaty, force • Transcontinental railroad completed 1869 • Frontier—free, open land between the Mississippi
and the Pacific- fully settled with about 17 million people by 1890s
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Industrialization and Urbanization • 14 million European immigrants enter U.S. between
1860 and 1900- go west or to urban centers like New York,
Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago• Rather than farm, many work in textile, steel, oil,
food processing
continued An Industrial and Urban Society
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Looking Beyond Its Borders • U.S. avoided involvement in foreign affairs during its
growth period- had own resources, food, factories; separated
from conflicts by oceans • Changed by depression and world wars; only strong
economy after WWII
World Power and Domestic Change
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Social Change and Technological Growth• Rapid social change in second half of 20th century
- migration to suburbs—the communities outsidecities
- migration from cold Northeast and Midwest towarmer South and West
• Immigrants arrive from Latin America and Asia • Unrest in ’60s and ’70s: civil rights, feminist
movement, Vietnam
continued World Power and Domestic Change
Living in a Global Society • Cold War (1945–1991): U.S. leads nations against
communism, U.S.S.R. • U.S. is sole superpower after collapse of European
communism in 1991
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Governing the People
The United States’ Political System • Representative democracy—people rule through
elected representatives • Federal republic—powers divided between national,
state governments • Three separate, equal branches:
- executive branch headed by president, carries out laws
- legislative branch makes laws- judicial branch interprets laws, reviews lower court
decisions
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Section 2
Economy and Culture of the United States • The United States has the world’s largest
and most diversified economy.
• American products and popular culture are recognized around the world.
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The World’s Greatest Economic Power
The U.S. Leads • World’s largest economy: agricultural,
manufacturing, trade leader- U.S. accounts for more than 10% of world’s
exports- exports—goods sold to another country
• Success is due to resources, skilled labor, stable political system
• Free enterprise economy:- privately owned resources, technology,
businesses- businesses operate for profit with little
governmental control
Economy and Culture of the United States
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An Agricultural and Industrial Giant • Due to fertile soil, early farm mechanization, U.S.
accounts for:- 40% of world’s corn; 20% of cotton; 10% of
wheat, cattle, hogs • Crop farming in Midwest, South; livestock ranching
in West• Largest industrial output in world includes:
- petroleum, steel, electronics, telecommunications, lumber, mining
• U.S. advances in electronics, computers revolutionize industry
continued The World’s Greatest Economic Power
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An Agricultural and Industrial Giant • Industrial centers:
- older: Atlantic Coast, Great Lakes- newer: urban South, Pacific coast
• Areas become associated with certain products: - Detroit: automobiles - Seattle: aircraft - Silicon Valley (northern California): computers
continued The World’s Greatest Economic Power
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A Postindustrial Economy • A service industry produces a service rather than a
product- Examples: information processing, transportation,
medicine, education • Postindustrial economy—manufacturing no longer
dominant • U.S. is leading importer and exporter
- exports raw materials, agricultural products,manufacturing goods
- imports automobiles, electronics, machinery,apparel
- Canada and Mexico are major trade partners • Multinationals—corporations that do business all
over the world
continued The World’s Greatest Economic Power
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A Diverse Society
The American Melting Pot • Nation of immigrants; largest ethnic groups include:
- English/Irish/Scot, German, African, French,Italian, Polish, Mexican
• Europeans ancestry accounts for 70% of population followed by:- 13% Hispanic, 12% African American, 4% Asian,
1% Native American
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Languages and Religion • English is dominant language, Spanish is second
most common • Religious breakdown:
- 85% Christian (56% Protestant, 28% Catholic)- Jews, Muslims 2% each
continued A Diverse Society
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The Arts and Popular Culture • First artists Native Americans: pottery, weaving,
carvings • American styles bloom in 1800s
- literature, landscape painting, architecture (skyscrapers)
• Hollywood is filmmaking center of U.S., supplies movies to the world
• American music developed from various ethnic groups:- jazz, blues, gospel, and rock ‘n’ roll have African-
American origins- country and bluegrass come from Southern whites
of British ancestry
continued A Diverse Society
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American Life Today
Where Americans Live • U.S. population: 280 million; 80% live in cities or
suburbs • Effective transportation (roads, railroads, airlines)
aids mobility
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How Americans Live, Work, and Play • Almost 50% of working-age Americans are employed
- almost half are women; 70% have service industry jobs
• More than 10% of Americans live in poverty • Kids age 6 to16 are required to attend school
- 90% attend public schools, which are free through secondary school
• U.S. has over 2,300 4-year public and private colleges, universities
• Leisure activities: hobbies, museums, libraries, TV, films, computers- sports: baseball, basketball, football, golf, soccer,
tennis, skiing
continued American Life Today
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Section 3
Subregions of the United States • The United States is divided into four major
economic and cultural subregions.
• There are both similarities and differences among the subregions of the United States.
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The Northeast
The Region • New England—six northern states of Northeast:
- Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Mass., RhodeIsland, Connecticut
• Middle Atlantic states: Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey
• Northeast has only 5% of land, but 20% of population
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America’s Gateway • Europeans settled here first; region served as
immigration “gateway” • Northeast was, and is, U.S. heart of trade, commerce,
industry- Philadelphia, Boston, New York City: international
trade centers- U.S. industrialization fueled by Pennsylvania coal,
iron ore, oil
continued The Northeast
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continued The Northeast
America’s Gateway • Today most people are employed in manufacturing,
service industries • Rich farmland in Pennsylvania, New York, New
Jersey • New England too hilly, rocky for much agriculture • “Rust belt”: some Mid-Atlantic industry declined,
moved south, west
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Growth of the Megalopolis • Megalopolis—several large cities grow together
- “BoWash:” Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C.
- 500 miles; 1/6 of U.S. population; connected by road, rail, air links
continued The Northeast
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The Midwest
The Region • The Midwest—north-central U.S., known as the
American Heartland- 1/5 of U.S. land, 1/4 of population- early settlers came from Britain, Germany,
Scandinavia
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Agricultural and Industrial Heartland • Central location, soil, climate make it nation’s
“breadbasket” - corn, wheat, soy beans, meat, dairy; meat-packing,
food-processing • Trade, distribution on Great Lakes, Mississippi, with
Chicago as hub- cities near Great Lakes: Chicago, Cleveland,
Detroit, Milwaukee- on rivers: Cincinnati, St. Louis, Minneapolis/St.
Paul, Omaha
continued The Midwest
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Changing Face of the Midwest • Farm numbers declining, more people working in
service industries • Metropolitan areas expand as people leave cities for
suburbs • People and industries moving to warmer South and
West
continued The Midwest
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The Region • The South—1/4 of U.S. land, more than 1/3 of
population- 11 states were once part of the Civil War
Confederacy- Texas was in Confederacy, sometimes considered
part of Southwest
The South
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The Old South • Virginia was England’s first American colony • South’s ethnic mix includes Africans, Hispanics,
Cajuns, Creoles • Once agricultural, rural; now rapidly changing, cities
growing
continued The South
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The New South • Agriculture: cotton, tobacco, fruits, peanuts, rice,
livestock • Energy resources and air conditioning boost industry
in 1950s - “Sunbelt” attracts manufacturing, tourists, retirees- industries: petroleum, steel, chemicals, textiles,
electronics • metropolitan areas—large cities and nearby
suburbs, towns- Atlanta (hub); Miami, New Orleans, Houston,
Dallas, San Antonio
continued The South
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The West
The Region • The West—from Great Plains to Pacific, plus Alaska
and Hawaii- 1/2 of U.S. land, 1/5 of population- people settle where climate and landforms are
most favorable
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Developing the West • California is most populous state
- Los Angeles the West’s cultural, commercial center • Rapid 20th-century growth due to air conditioning,
irrigation- Colorado River water diverted to Las Vegas,
Tucson, Phoenix • Economy: foreign trade with Asia; varied industries
- farms, ranches, logging, fish, mines, oil, tourism, film, computers
continued The West
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