chapter 6 ancient china
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6
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Geography of China
• China is a land of over four 1)million square miles.
• It is home to:
▫ 2)The Gobi Desert
▫ 3)Plateau of Tibet
▫ 4)Huang He River
▫ 5)Yangzi River
▫ 6)Qinling Shandi
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The Gobi Desert• It’s the 7)fifth largest desert
in the 8)world
• It’s the largest 9)arid region on the Asian continent.
• The desert spans 10)twocountries.
▫ 11)China (north/northwest)
▫ 12)Mongolia (south)
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The Gobi Desert• Gobi means
“13)Waterless Place”
• The climate is very 14)cold
• It rarely 15)snows
• It is located 16)abovesea level
• 17)Rainfall is up to 7.6 inches per year.
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The Gobi Desert• Its a rain
18)shadowdesert
• It 19)suffersfrom having most of its rain blocked by the 20)Himalayas.
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Gobi Desert
• Use all the bubbles
• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture
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Plateau of Tibet• Located in the
21)southwest of China.
• It has several mountain 22)peaksthat reach more than 23)26,000 feet.
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Plateau of Tibet• Sometimes called "the
24)roof of the world"
• It is the 25)highestand biggest 26)plateau in the world.
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Huang He River• Also known as the
27)Yellow River
• Its the second-longest river in 28)China
• The sixth-longest in the 29)world
• It flows through nine provinces of China and empties into the 30)Bohai Sea.
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Huang He River• The Yellow River is
called "the 31)cradleof Chinese civilization"
• The name Huang He means “32)river"
• It originates from the 33)KunlunMountains and flows into the Yellow 34)Sea
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Huang He River
• Use four bubbles
• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture
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Yangzi River• The longest river in 35)Asia
• The 36)third-longest in the world.
• It flows for 37)3,988 miles
• It starts at the 38)Tibetan Plateau and empties into the 39)East China Sea
• Its river basin is 40)home to one-third of China's 41)population.
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Yangzi River
• Use four bubbles
• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture
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Qinling Shandi• This is a
42)mountainrange in the 43)western part of China.
• It separates 44)northernChina from 45)South China.
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Growth of Farming
• Farming began on the two main rivers:
▫ 46)Huang He
▫ 47)Yangzi
• The major groups include:
▫ 48)Rice
▫ 49)Wheat
▫ 50)Millet
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Development of Other food
Sources• The 51)Chinese people
developed several other forms of capturing and 52)collecting food:
▫ 53)Fishing (bow and arrow)
▫ 54)Domesticated Pigs and Sheep
• These help to 55)advanceand grow the countries 56)population
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Xia the First Dynasty
• Around 57)2200 BC battles were frequent between the 58)Xia tribe and 59)Chi You's tribe.
• The Xia 60)won these battles.
• 61)Yu the Great was the first ruler and founder of the Xia 62)Dynasty.
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Xia the First Dynasty
• He is best 63)rememberedfor teaching the people 64)floodcontrol techniques to tame China's rivers and 65)lakes.
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Xia Dynasty Achievements
• The dynasty was the first to:
▫ 66)Irrigate
▫ 67)Cast bronze
▫ 68)Strong army
▫ 69)Created a calendar
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Xia Dynasty Achievements
• There were 13 70)generations and 16 71)kings in Xia dynasty
• Xia 72)declinedover many years and was replaced by 73)Shang dynasty
• It existed for 74)400years
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Xia Dynasty
• Use four bubbles
• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture
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Shang Dynasty
• Following the 75)XiaDynasty the Shang Dynasty became the second dynasty in 76)Chinese history
• From King 77)Tang to King 78)Zhou, the Shang Dynasty lasted:
▫ 79)600 years
▫ 80)30 emperors
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Shang Dynasty• The main crops of the
dynasty included:
▫ 81)Millet
▫ 82)Wheat
▫ 83)Rice
▫ 84)Mulberry
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Shang Dynasty
• Industry included:
▫ 85)Bronze making
▫ 86)Large-scale works
▫ 87)Invented porcelain
▫ Improved 88)potteryand 89)jade making techniques
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Shang Dynasty• 90)Social order become more
organized under this dynasty.
• China’s first 91)writing system
• Created Jade items:
▫ 92)Axes
▫ 93)Knives
• They developed:
▫ 94)Bronze body armor
▫ 95)War Chariots
▫ 96)Calendar based on cycles of the moon
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Shang Dynasty
• Use four bubbles
• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture
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The New Ideas of the Zhou• A people named the
97)Zhou came to power in 98)1050 BC
• This dynasty became known as the Zhou 99)Dynasty
• It lasted until 100)400BC
• It’s the 101)longestdynasty in Chinese history.
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The New Ideas of the Zhou
• The kings of the empire claimed that 102)heavengave them their power
• They established a new 103)political order:
▫ 104)Kings
▫ 105)Lords and Warriors
▫ 106)Peasants
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The New Ideas of the Zhou
• The system allowed 107)China to be under control
• The 108)Lords would help keep the far reaching 109)areasunder the dynasty
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Three parts of Zhou
• The Dynasty is divided into three periods:
▫ 110)Western Zhou
▫ 111)Eastern Zhou
▫ 112)Late Zhou
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Western Zhou• The period was the 113)first
half of the Zhou Dynasty
• It began when King 114)Wuof Zhou overthrew the 115)Shang Dynasty
• The dynasty was successful for about 116)seventy-fiveyears and then slowly lost 117)power
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Western Zhou• King Wu 118)died two or
three years after the 119)conquest.
• His son, King 120)Chengwas young
• King Wu’s 121)brotherassisted the young and 122)inexperienced king as 123)regent.
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Western Zhou• The young kings
124)brothersconcerned about the growing 125)powerof the uncle formed an 126)alliance with other regional rulers and remnants in a 127)rebellion
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Confucius• Born in 128)551 BC• The most 129)influential
teacher is Chinese history• The 130)philosophy of
Confucius emphasized:▫ Personal and governmental
131)morality
▫ 132)Correctness of social relationships
▫ 133)Justice▫ 134)Sincerity
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Confucianism• His ideas become known
as 135)Confucianism
• He wanted 136)China to return to ideas and practices when people knew their 137)roles in society
• He 138)traveled China teaching his ideas to the 139)people
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Confucianism• A 140)book was written
by his followers named the 141)Analects sharing his beliefs
• His 142)students would use this book to teach others about his 143)philosophy
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Daoism• The term Daoism
means “144)the way”
• It is also spelled 145)Taoism
• 146)Laozi was the most famous Daoist147)teacher
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Daoism• This 148)belief stressed
living in harmony with the 149)universe
• They believed that 150)people should avoid interfering with 151)nature
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Daoism• They taught that the world
is a 152)balance of opposites:
▫ 153)Female vs Male
▫ 154)Light vs Dark
▫ 155)Low vs High
• They both have to work together to stay in 156)harmony with the world
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Legalism• This is a Chinese
157)philosophy that emphasizes the need for order above all other 158)humanconcerns
• Legalists believed that 159)government could only work if rulers were not deceived by 160)impossible ideals such as:▫ 161)Tradition▫ 162)Humanity
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Legalism• They 163)believe that attempts to
improve the human 164)situationby education and morals were 165)useless.
• Instead 166)people needed a strong 167)government
• A carefully devised code of 168)law
• A 169)police force that would stringently and 170)impartiallyenforce these rules and 171)punishharshly even the most 172)minorinfractions
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Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)
• Several 173)states battled for control of the country during a period called 174)Warring States
• The state of 175)Qin defeated all of its 176)enemies
• The Qin united the 177)country under one 178)government
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Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)
• The King was 179)Ying Zheng
• He changed his name to 180)Shi Huangdiwhich means “First Emperor”
• He was a 181)legalist• His government was
strong with 182)strictlaws and harsh 183)punishments
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Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)
• He ordered 184)burning of all writing that did not agree with 185)Legalism
• He took away the power of the 186)lords
• He required them to move to the 187)capital city
• He used 188)force labor on the citizens to get 189)projects done
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Qin Dynasty (221BC-206BC)• The 190)country was divided
into 191)districts
• Each one had a 192)governor
• The districts were divided into 193)counties
• Each one was ran by a appointed 194)official
• This was used to enforce 195)taxes and keep a tight 196)control of the districts
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Qin Achievements• Roads that
197)connected the capital to every part of the 198)country
• Advanced 199)CanalSystem
• Advanced 200)IrrigationSystem
• Worked on the 201)Great Wall
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End of the Qin• Shi Huangdi 202)died in
210 BC
• Within a few years the country 203)fell into a civil war ending the first dynasty of 204)China
• His tomb was recovered in 205)1974
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End of the Qin
• It was filled with an 206)army of soldiers made of 207)terra-cotta
• They found over 208)6,000 life size soldiers and another 1,400 figures of 209)cavalry and 210)chariots
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Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)• 211)Liu Bang a peasant from
birth
• Takes over after the 212)collapse of the Qin’s in 207 BC
• He will the first of 213)emperor of the dynasty
• This dynasty will last for over 214)400 years
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Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)
• Liu Bang freed people from the 215)legalismof the past
• He lowered 216)taxesand lessened 217)punishments for crimes
• He relied on 218)educationofficials to help 219)rule the region
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Han Dynasty (206BC-220AD)
• He died in 220)195BC from natural causes
• Liu Bang was 221)immortalizedas Emperor 222)Gao-Di.
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Rise of Wudi• 223)Wudi was the
seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty
• He 224)ruled from 141 to 87 BC
• Wudi inherited 225)imperial power when he was 226)15
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Rule of Wudi• Under Wudi
227)Confucianismbecame an official government 228)philosophy
• He started a Confucian 229)Academy
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Rule of Wudi• Those who 230)passed a
test about Confucian political philosophy were 231)guaranteed a job in government
• This test was 232)corrupt and only the rich and 233)powerfulwere allowed to even take the 234)exam
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Wudi
• Use all of the bubbles
• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture
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Han Social Classes• Under the Confucian
system people were divided into four groups:▫ Shi – 235)Gentry
Scholars▫ Nong – 236)Peasant
Farmers▫ Gong – 237)Artisans
and Craftsmen▫ Shang – 238)Merchants
and Traders
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Shi-Gentry Scholars• This class was made of
239)aristocraticscholars
• They studied in order to 240)occupy positions of rank
• Scholars were never very 241)rich, but they were respected because of their 242)knowledge
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Nong – Peasant Farmers
• Farmers were 243)second only to gentry scholars
• They were 244)landholders
• 245)Agriculturelong played a key role in the rise of Chinese 246)civilization
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Nong – Peasant Farmers
• They paid land 247)tax, which was a source of state 248)revenue for the ruling dynasties
• Farmers were therefore 249)valuablemembers of society even though they weren’t 250)shi
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Nong
• Use all of the bubbles
• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture
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Gong – Artisans and Craftsmen
• This class had 251)skills to make useful objects
• Most of them did not have 252)land of their own and so did not generate the 253)revenue
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Gong – Artisans and Craftsmen
• They 254)commandedmore respect than merchants because the skills they had were handed 255)down from father to 256)son
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Gong – Artisans and Craftsmen
• They could be 257)governmentemployed or 258)selfemployed
• Those that were most 259)successful could become wealthy enough to hire 260)apprenticesor laborers
• The artisans formed their own 261)guilds
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Gong
• Use all of the bubbles
• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture
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Shang – Merchants and Traders
• Transported and 262)traded goods made by others
• Sometimes 263)merchantsbought land in order to be considered 264)farmers and therefore command more 265)respect in society
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Shang – Merchants and Traders
• Some would buy a good 266)education for their children so that they could attain the status of 267)scholars
• This class was the 268)lowest class in the society
• People believed they were 269)greedy and 270)immoral
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Shang
• Use all of the bubbles
• Make sure to use 4 or less words or a picture
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Han Achievements• Many works of art were
produced
▫ 271)Figure painting
▫ 272)Portraits
▫ 273)Nature scenes
• Han Literature included:
▫ 274)Poetry
▫ 275)Historical writings
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Han Achievements• Inventions of the
dynasty included:
▫ 276)Modern Paper
▫ 277)Books
• Innovations of the dynasty included:
▫ 278)Sundial
▫ 279)Seismograph
▫ 280)Acupuncture
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Mind Map
• Your Topic is Han Achievements
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