chapter 6 and 7 review january 29, 2008. brainstorm this is noncritical free association to generate...
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Chapter 6 and 7 Review
January 29, 2008
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brainstorm
• This is noncritical free association to generate as many ideas as possible in a short time.
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self-generated topics
• These are speech subjects based on the speaker’s interests, experiences, and knowledge.
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audience-generated topics
• These are speech subjects geared to the interests and needs of a speaker’s listeners.
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occasion-generated topics
• These are speech subjects derived from the particular circumstances, seasons, holidays, or life events.
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research-generated topics
• These are speech subjects discovered by investigating a variety of sources.
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visual brainstorming
• This is an informal written outline achieved by free associating around a key word or idea.
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speech to inform
• This is a speech designed to convey new and/or useful information in a balanced, objective way.
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speech to persuade
• This is a speech designed to influence listeners’ beliefs and/or actions.
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speech to convince
• This is a persuasive speech designed to influence audience beliefs and attitudes rather than behaviors.
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speech to actuate
• This is a persuasive speech designed to influence audience behaviors.
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speech to entertain
• This is a speech designed to make a point through the creative, organized use of humorous supporting materials.
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general purpose
• This is the broad goal of a speech (such as to persuade, to inform, to entertain, etc.)
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specific purpose
• This is a statement of the general purpose of a speech, the speaker’s intended audience, and the limited goal or outcome.
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thesis statement
• This is a one sentence synopsis of the speaker’s message.
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Why is it important to focus your topic? Explain using examples of a focused topic
and an unfocused topic.
• It is important to focus your topic in order to guide your research.
• It also allows you to address more substance in your speech.
• Additionally, limiting your topic gives you time to support the ideas you present in your speech.
• Unfocused topic: football• Focused topic: the Super Bowl
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What four questions can you ask yourself to guide your topic selection?
Explain why each one is important.• Does this topic interest me?
– Don’t pick one that doesn’t, please!• Is this topic interesting or important to my
listeners?– Remember your audience
• Am I likely to find sufficient supporting materials on this topic?– Very obscure topics may be difficult to present
• Do I know enough about this topic to start researching it and interpret what I discover?– What prior knowledge do you have?
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Short answer• Since people are more likely to open up
more when they interact verbally and nonverbally, which interview format is likely to give you the most information? – Face-to-face interviewing will likely give you the
most information.• What is the Readers' Guide to Periodical
Literature?– It is a resource that indexes magazine articles.
• Who is most prolific publisher in the United States?– The United States federal government
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Short answer, continued• What were the first books to come to the U.S.?
– Almanacs and Bibles• What is the first step in researching a topic?
– The first step is assessing your personal knowledge.• What are the advantages of interviewing as a way
of conducting research?– The person you interview may be able to suggest other
sources of information. – An interview can help you adapt your topic to your
specific audience. – Personal interviews can enhance your image as a
speaker. – On some topics, a personal interview may be your only
option.
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True/False Questions• Almanacs are excellent sources when you need specific facts and
background information on a topic. TRUE
• Generally speaking, information retrieved from Internet sources is less likely to have the level of quality assurance as database sources. TRUE
• Information you retrieve by using academic search engines will be less focused and of lower quality than you are likely to gather using a general, commercial search tool. FALSE
• Research is not just one-step of the speech construction process but rather it should occur throughout the process. TRUE
• You should assess your personal knowledge of a speech topic after developing your research plan. FALSE
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Fill in the Blank • RESEARCH is the gathering of evidence
and arguments you will need to understand, develop, and explain your topic.
• A(n) SPEECH FILE is a file that contains each speech you have given.
• From 1750-1900, the sum total of humankind’s knowledge DOUBLED.
• The advantage of using DATABASE indexes is that the information you get has presumably already been evaluated.
• Yahoo and Google are examples of two widely used SEARCH ENGINES.
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Describe an article file and explain why it is important.
• An article file includes informative articles on topics that interest you.
• This gives you a head start on selecting and researching topics for speeches.
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What questions begin your research plan? What is
their purpose?• What information do I need?
• Where am I most likely to find it?
• How can I obtain this information?
• How will time constraints affect my research options?
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What are ethical dilemmas and how do they affect speech making? Use
examples to illustrate your points.
• What do you think?
• You have a choice regarding the topics you want to present.
• Sometimes, topics that are exciting may not be appropriate.