chapter 6 building services

CC608 BUILDING SERVICES

CHAPTER 6

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN HIGH RISE

BUILDINGS

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM IN HIGH RISE BUILDINGS


Definition of high rise building :

A high-rise building is a structure whose architectural height is

between 35 and 100 meters.

A structure is automatically listed as a high-rise when it has a

minimum of 12 floors, whether or not the height is known.

If it has fewer than 40 floors and the height is unknown, it is also

classified automatically as a high-rise.


Where is a cities have a most high-rise buildings in

this worlds ??


6.1 Understand the transportation system in high rise building

6.1.1 Describe the function of transportation system in high rise buildings.

Helping persons move around the building is the primary function of the transportation infrastructure.

There are several difficult requirements that have to be satisfied by any passenger transportation system, but the first one is safety.


Potential dangers to passengers in buildings involve falling, crushing, getting trapped, and many other possibilities.

People must be protected not only from equipment malfunctions and other accidents with external causes, but also from the unintended consequences of their own actions, whether due to carelessness, or deliberate misuse.



6.1.2 Show the parts in the transportation system.


Vertical Transportation

1. Elevators (Lift)2. Escalators


Horizontal Transportation

1. Inclined Auto-Walk 2. Moving walkway



6.1.3 Explain the scope of building transportation system.

minimum waiting time

comfortable acceleration

rapid transportation

smooth/rapid slowing

accurate leveling


quick/quiet door operation

good visual travel direction/floor indicators

easily operated controls

comfortable lighting

reliable emergency equipment

smooth/safe operation of mechanical equipment


6.2 Learn the concept of an escalator6.2.1 State the functions of an escalator.Definition

A moving staircase for carrying people between floors of a building which consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks, allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.

Most applications include department stores, airports, shopping malls, convection centres, hotel and public buildings.

One of the largest, most expensive machines people use on a regular basis, but also one of the simplest.


Escalator


Benefits

Have the capacity to move large numbers of people, and they can be placed in the same physical space as one might install a staircase.

Have no waiting interval (except during very heavy traffic).

They can be used to guide people toward main exits or special exhibits and may be weather proofed for outdoor use.

A non-functioning escalator can function as a normal staircase, whereas many other conveyances become useless when they break down.

Escalator speed vary from 90 – 180 ft per minute, an escalator moving 145 per minute can carry more that 10,000 people in an hour.


History

Began as an amusement and not for practical transport.

First patent awarded in 1859 for a steam generated unit, used as an amusement ride in Coney Island.

Named Escalator by Charles Seeberger in 1897 by combining the latin word for steps “scala” and elevator.

Charles Seeberger sold rights to Otis Elevator Company in 1902 which is currently the dominant player in the industry.


An escalator is a moving staircase – a conveyor transport device for carrying people between floors of a building. The device consists of a motor-driven chain of individual, linked steps that move up or down on tracks,

allowing the step treads to remain horizontal.


Function Escalators are used around the world to move pedestrian traffic in

places where elevators would be impractical.

Principal areas of usage include department stores, shopping malls, airports, transit systems, convention centres, hotels, arenas, stadiums and public buildings.


6.2 Learn the concept of an escalator6.2.2 Sketch the layout of an escalator.

Escalators have three typical configuration options:

Parallel (up and down escalators "side by side or separated by a distance", seen often in metro stations and multilevel motion picture theatres),

Multiple parallel (two or more escalators together that travel in one direction next to one or two escalators in the same bank that travel in the other direction).

Crisscross (minimizes structural space requirements by "stacking" escalators that go in one direction, frequently used in department stores or shopping centres), and


Parallel layout


Multiple Parallel layout


Crisscross layout


6.2 Learn the concept of an escalator6.2.3 Explain the safety procedures in handling escalators.

Basic Operating Guidelines of Escalators

Regularly (at least monthly) apply a silicone friction reducer on

skirt panels.

Document any unusual noises or vibrations.

Remove any debris

Monitor for broken comb teeth


Always remove the start-up key from the “on” direction.

If an escalator or moving walkway makes an automatic

emergency stop, perform a detailed equipment check before

returning to operation.

Do no permit overloading of passengers or freight.

Do not permit the use of an inoperative escalator as a stairway.


Escalator components in the figure are as follows:

a : Handrailb : Tersiioning Pulleyc : Handrail Pulleyd : Returning Stairse : Continuous Chainf : Drive Wheelg : Front Wheelh : Back Wheeli : Outer Railj : Inner Rail


EXERCISE 6.1Namely the escalator components in the figure below.


6.3 Know the basic concept of a lift6.3.1 State the functions of a lift ( Elevator).

The elevator (or lift in the Commonwealth excluding Canada) is a type of vertical transport equipment that efficiently moves people or goods between floors (levels, decks) of a building, vessel or other structure.

Elevators are generally powered by electric motors that either drive traction cables or counterweight systems like a hoist, or pump hydraulic fluid to raise a cylindrical piston like a jack.


Elevators used for :PassengerFreightSpecial service


6.3 Know the basic concept of a lift6.3.2 Illustrate the layout of a lift.


Types of Elevators

1. Traction gearless medium-high speed passenger geared low speed passenger

2. Hydraulic plunger hole-less roped


Passenger Elevator Components

Traction Elevator car cables elevator machine controls counterweight hoistway rails penthouse pit


BUILDINGS

Machine room– 8’-6” minimum clear

Bottom of Beam (OH)– 17’-6” – 20’6’’

Travel– number of floors

Pit (P)– 10’-1” – 11-5”

Traction Elevator

Machine

Governor

Controller

Guide Rails

Counterweight

Buffers

Car Frame &Safety

Hoistway Door

Door Operator

Traction Elevator

Rise Limitations: ~ 300 feet (Geared) ~ unlimited (Gearless)

Cost: $150,000 - $200,000 (Geared) $200,000 + (Gearless)

Speeds: 350 - 500 fpm (Geared) 500 - 1800+ (Gearless)

Advantages of Gearless:smootherapprox. twice machine life

Traction Elevator


BUILDINGS

Hydraulic Elevator car plunger/piston/jack elevator machine controls hoistway rails penthouse/headway pit


BUILDINGS

Machine room– 7’-9” minimum clear

Bottom of Beam (OH)– 12’-0” – 12’3’’

Pit (P)/Plunger– 4’-0”– Travel +2’-6”


Hydraulic Elevator

Hydraulic Elevator (holed)

Guide Rails

Plunger & Cylinder

Controller & Pumping Unit

To & From Oil PipeHoistway Door

Door Operator

Hydraulic Elevator (holed)

Rise Limitations: ~ 60 feet Cost: $35 - $85K Speeds: 100/125/150 fpm

Advantages: low cost no penthouse no structural load on building

Disadvantages slow energy inefficient

Hydraulic Elevator (holeless)

Controller & Pumping Unit

To & From Oil Pipe

Plungers & Cylinders

Guide Rails

Hoistway Door

Door Operator

Hydraulic Elevator (holeless)

Rise Limitations: 20 feet Cost: $35 - $45K Speeds: 100/125 fpm

Advantages: no well hole minimizes environmental contamination

Disadvantages: limited travel


1. Building Height elevator type

2. Customer Expectations (Service Time) Speed Capacity quantity

3. Space Limitations

4. Optional approaches sky lobbies double deck

Elevator Selection


6.4 Learn safety procedures and best practices in handling escalators and lift

6.4.1 Relate safety procedures during repair works or maintenance.


EXERCISE 6.2 :

Please discuss in group what is the safety procedures during repair works or maintenance of escalator and lift.



6.4.2 Adapt best practices in handling escalators and lift.

Of these 120 billion rides, a small percent result in serious accidents. About 20,000 accidents require emergency room treatment each year.*

Most of these accidents could have been prevented by the use of basic safety precautions. Some basic safety precautions that you can use to protect yourself when riding an elevator or escalator.

* Data from the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission


Avoid riding escalators if you are wearing soft-sided flexible clogs or

slides. Never ride barefoot.

Make sure your shoes are tied before riding.

Check the direction that the escalator stairs are moving.

Don’t ride the escalator if you are using crutches or a cane.

Never take a walker, stroller, wheelchair, or cart on an escalator (take

the elevator).

Don’t carry large packages, bags, or rolling luggage onto an escalator.

Stand in the middle of the escalator step; do not lean against the side.


Face forward and hold the handrail; keep loose clothing clear of steps

and sides.

Children should always ride with an adult.

If you wear bifocals, take extra care stepping on and off the escalator

(or use an elevator).

Locate escalator emergency shut-off buttons in case you need to stop

the escalator.

Don’t ride the escalator if you are feeling dizzy or have problems

keeping your balance; take the elevator instead.


Don’t try to stop the elevator doors from closing. Never stick your hands, feet, or a

cane between closing doors; wait for the next elevator or push the “Door Open”

button if you are inside the elevator.

Watch your step as you enter or exit the elevator; step carefully over the threshold.

When riding the elevator, stand away from the doors and hold the handrail.

Keep track of the floor indications so that you aren’t taken by surprise when you

reach your destination.

Take the stairs if there is a fire in the building.

Exit immediately at your floor; do not wait for others behind you.

Do not exit an elevator that has not stopped normally; wait for help to arrive.



6.4.3 Follow all the relevant rules by the local authority.

EXERCISE 6.3 :Define all the relevant rules by the local authority.-BOMBA-MAJLIS PERBANDARAN

THANK YOU

chapter 6 building services

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