chapter 6: civil rights · 2018-08-02 · civil rights movement: civil rights legislation the civil...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 6: Civil Rights Chapter 6: Civil Rights
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AP/WideWorld Photos
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© UPI /Bettmann /Corbis
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Rosa Parks Rosa Parks © Bettmann /Corbis
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© Stanley J. Forman, Pulitzer Prize, 1977
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Civil Rights: Introduction Civil Rights: Introduction
Refer to those things that the government must do to provide equal protection and freedom from discrimination for all citizens.
Traditionally, thought of as rooted in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
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Slavery in the United StatesSlavery in the United States
Ending servitude• The Thirteenth Amendment (1865) prohibits
slavery within the United States. • The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) established
that all persons born in the United States are citizens and no state shall deprive citizens of their rights under the Constitution.
• The Fifteenth Amendment (1870) established the right of citizens to vote.
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Early Civil Rights LegislationEarly Civil Rights Legislation
The Civil Rights Acts of 1865 to 1875• Aimed at the Southern states • Attempted to prevent states from passing laws
that would circumvent the amendments The Civil Rights Cases (1883)
• Invalidated much of the civil rights legislation in the Civil Rights cases.
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Challenges to Civil Rights Legislation
Challenges to Civil Rights Legislation
Plessy v. Ferguson 1896• Separate-but-Equal Doctrine
Voting Barriers• White primary, the grandfather clause, poll taxes,
literacy tests
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The End of the Separate-but-Equal Doctrine
The End of the Separate-but-Equal Doctrine
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka • Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson
“With All Deliberate Speed.”
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School IntegrationSchool Integration
De facto segregation—racial segregation that occurs because of past social and economic conditions and residential racial patterns.
De jure segregation—racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies.
Court-Ordered Busing
The Resurgence of Minority Schools
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The Civil Rights MovementThe Civil Rights Movement
Martin Luther King’s Philosophy of Nonviolence
Another Approach: Black Power
© AP/Wide World Photos
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(Library of Congress) (Bettmann/Corbis)
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The Climax of the Civil Rights Movement: Civil Rights Legislation
The Climax of the Civil Rights Movement: Civil Rights Legislation
The Civil Rights Act of 1964• Voter registration• Public accommodations• Public schools• Employment
The Voting Rights Act of 1965• Literacy tests ended/other devices
Urban Riots
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 and Other Housing Reform Legislation
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Increase of Black Voter Registration in
Seven Southern States Covered by the 1965
Voting Rights Act
Increase of Black Voter Registration in
Seven Southern States Covered by the 1965
Voting Rights Act
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Consequences of Civil Rights Legislation
Consequences of Civil Rights Legislation
Political Participation by African Americans
Political Participation by Other Minorities
Lingering Social and Economic Disparities
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Women’s Struggle for Equal Rights
Women’s Struggle for Equal Rights
Early Women’s Political Movements• Activism for women’s
rights began with the Seneca Falls convention in 1948.
Women’s Suffrage Associations• 19th Amendment
(Library of Congress)
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Years, by Country, in which Women Gained the Right to Vote
Years, by Country, in which Women Gained the Right to Vote
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The Modern Women’s Movement
The Modern Women’s Movement
The Equal Rights Amendment
Additional Women’s Issues• Domestic violence• Abortion rights• Pornography (divided the movement rather than united it).
Discrimination in the Courts
Expanding Women’s Political Activities
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Women in Politics TodayWomen in Politics Today
Women in Congress
Women in the Executive and Judicial Branches
Continuing Disproportionate Leadership
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Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace
Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace
Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964• This title prohibits gender discrimination in
employment. • Amended to include protections of discrimination
due to pregnancy. Sexual Harassment
• The Supreme Court also has held that Title VII includes prohibitions on sexual harassment.
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Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace
Gender-Based Discrimination in the Workplace
Wage Discrimination• Recent figures show a
woman earns 76 cents for every dollar made by a man.
• The Equal Pay Act of 1963
• The Glass Ceiling
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Hispanics in America Hispanics in America
© Robert Gallagher, 2005
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Hispanics in the United States
Hispanics in the United States
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Immigration, Hispanics, and Civil Rights
Immigration, Hispanics, and Civil Rights
Immigration rates today are the highest they have been since their peak in the early twentieth century.
By 2050, minority groups collectively will constitute the majority of Americans.
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Illegal Immigration Illegal Immigration
Mostly Latin Americans entering states bordering Mexico looking for work.
Issues include: • Citizenship • Border Crime
(Gerald L. Nino/U.S. Department of Homeland Security)
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Bilingual Education Bilingual Education
Accommodating Diversity
Controversy over Bilingual Education
(AP Photo/Evan Vucci)
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Affirmative ActionAffirmative Action
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) • Quota systems that only
considered the race of an applicant were unconstitutional
State Ballot Initiatives
(AP Photo/Danny Moloshok)
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Special Protection for Older Americans
Special Protection for Older Americans
The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967• Prohibits discrimination by age in all but a limited
number of occupations where age is considered relevant to the job.
Mandatory retirement has progressively been made illegal by laws passed in 1978 and 1986.
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Securing Rights for Persons with Disabilities
Securing Rights for Persons with Disabilities
The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990• Prohibits job
discrimination against individuals with physical or mental disabilities.
• Requires physical access to public buildings and public services. (Michael Newman/Photo)
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The Rights and Status of Gay Males and LesbiansThe Rights and Status of
Gay Males and Lesbians
Growth in the Gay Male and Lesbian Rights Movement
State and Local Laws Targeting Gay Males and Lesbians
(AP Photo/Jim Mone, file)
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The Rights and Status of Gay Males and Lesbians (cont.)
The Rights and Status of Gay Males and Lesbians (cont.)
The Gay Community and Politics • Gay activists now play a role in both major
parties. Gay Men and Lesbians in the Military
Same-Sex Marriages
Child Custody and Adoption