chapter 6 launching a new nation: washington, adams, jefferson, and madison

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Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

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Page 1: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

Chapter 6

Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and

Madison

Page 2: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?

• Established a national court system.

• Allowed state courts to appeal to federal courts.

• Set up both federal appellate and district courts.

Page 3: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What were the precedents (examples) Washington set for

future presidents?• Created a cabinet

(group of presidential advisors)

• Served only two terms which will eventually become a constitutional amendment

• Neutrality in foreign affairs

Page 4: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

Who was in Washington’s first presidential cabinet?

• Vice President- John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson-Secretary of State

• Alexander Hamilton-Secretary of Treasury

• Henry Knox- Secretary of War (now Secretary of Defense)

• Ben Franklin – Post Master General

Page 5: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What were Hamilton and the Federalists beliefs of

government?• Strong central government

• Backed by North

• Wanted to help trade and industry

• Wanted Bank of the United States

• Supported by wealthy and merchants

Page 6: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What were Jefferson and the Democratic Republican beliefs?

• Weak central government (states’ rights)

• Supported by farmers• Backed by the South• Against the Bank of

the United States

Page 7: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

How was the Bank of the United States started?

• Funded by federal government and wealthy investors

• Issue paper money and handle tax receipts and government funds

• Won support of the South by agreeing to build new capitol in South for passage of the Bank.

• Hamilton creates our financial system.

Page 8: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What were the nations first political parties?

• Federalists- led by Alexander Hamilton. Wanted a strong central government

• Democratic-Republicans- believed in states’rights led by Jefferson

• Two party system- two main political parties compete for power.

Page 9: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What is a protective tariff?

• Placed taxes on goods imported from Europe.

• Brought in revenue to federal government.

Page 10: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

Why was the Whiskey Rebellion important?

• Small farmers did not want to pay an excise or sales tax on Whiskey.

• The whiskey farmers attacked the tax collectors.

• Washington brought in federal troops to enforce the law.

• Washington showed that the federal government and the Constitution were here to stay.

Page 11: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What were America’s earliest foreign policy problems?

• French Revolution

• Should the U.S. side with Britain or France in European conflicts?

• Washington believed in neutrality in foreign affairs.

• Edmond Genet- sent to get support for France. Washington stays neutral.

Page 12: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What was Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)?

• Treaty over the lands west of the Appalachian Mountains.

• Spain gave up lands east of the Mississippi River.

• Gave U.S. right of deposit or trade in New Orleans.

Page 13: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

How did U.S. expansion affect American Indians?

• Americans began to settle in the Northwest Territory (Ohio, Indiana, Wisconsin, Illinois, and Michigan)

• Battle with Little Turtle at the Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794)

• American Indians continued to be pushed westward.

Page 14: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What was Jay’s Treaty?

• Treaty with Britain.• British agreed to give

up their forts in the Northwest Territory.

• However, the British navy continued to harass American ships.

Page 15: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What do you need to know about John Adams’ presidency?

• 2nd President (1797-1801)• Avoided war with France• Created the American navy• XYZ Affair- French

officials attempt to bribe American officials.

• Alien and Sedition Acts- Made it harder for immigrants to become American citizens. People were punished for criticizing the government.

Page 16: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What is sectionalism?

• Placing the interests of one region over the nation as a whole.

• Each section of the country wanted their own interests represented.

Page 17: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What is nullification?

• States could refuse to obey federal laws they thought were unconstitutional.

• Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions- Madison and Jefferson voice the policy of nullification in response to the Alien and Sedition Act

Page 18: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What was the importance of the Election of 1800?

• Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr, and John Adams ran for President.

• Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes.

• The House of Representatives had to decide the winner.

• Jefferson won the election.• First peaceful transition

from one political party to another.

Page 19: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What was the importance of Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

• Court decision with John Marshall as chief justice.

• Established judicial review. (The court could declare a law unconstitutional is this case the Judiciary Act of 1801.

• Sets up the power of the judicial branch used today.

Page 20: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What was important about Thomas Jefferson’s presidency?

• 3rd President (1801-1809)

• Bought the Louisiana Purchase that doubled the size of the U.S. for 15 million dollars from France.

• Financed the Lewis and Clark expedition with Sacajawea.

• Trouble with impressment from the British

• Embargo Act (1807)- stopped trade, hurt American businesses

Page 21: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

Who was William Henry Harrison?

• Governor of Indiana Territory

• Fought against Tecumseh for American Indian lands.

• The British supplied American Indians with arms which angered Americans.

Page 22: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

Who were the war hawks?

• John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay wanted war with Britain.

• Adams and Jefferson were able to avoid war, but Madison gave into the pressure.

Page 23: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What were the accomplishments of James Madison’s presidency

(1809-1817)?• 4th President of the U.S.

• War of 1812 with Great Britain

• American System- Bank of the United States, Tariff of 1816 and internal improvements like the Erie Canal and National Road.

Page 24: Chapter 6 Launching a New Nation: Washington, Adams, Jefferson, and Madison

What do you need to know about the War of 1812?

• James Madison was president.

• 2nd war of independence

• British burned Washington D.C.

• Treaty of Ghent- ended the war.

• Star-Spangled Banner written by Francis Scott Key at Ft. McHenry

• Battle of New Orleans- after Treaty of Ghent led by General

Andrew Jackson