The Skeletal SystemChapter 6

Vertebral ColumnLesson 5

Do NowList the 5 main types of vertebrae- or as many as you can

Do NowVideo: The Vertebral Column

Vertebral ColumnProtects spinal cordSkull to pelvis~33 bones

7 cervical (neck) C1: atlas C2: axis Occiput: articulates

with atlas12 thoracic (chest)5 lumbar (low back)5 fused sacral3-5 fused coccyx

(tailbone)

1 curve in the fetusCervical curve forms

3-4 months after birth

Curves provide support

Disorders of the SpineKyphosisLordosisScoliosis

When do these abnormalities occur? Where? What can be don’t to correct?

Intervertebral DisksCartilage disks found between vertebral

bonesPrevent grindingShock absorptionAllow flexion/extension/lateral movements

Herniated DiskSlip or rupture of the

cartilaginous diskCan press on the

spinal nerves and cause pain

Treatment:Repair Removal – vertebrae

are fused together and provide substantially less range of motion

Vertebral StructuresVertebrae are small at

the top of the spineWhy?

Vertebrae are larger at the bottom of the spineWhy?

Foramen: hole for the spinal cord to pass from the brain

In class assignmentVertebrae Worksheet

HomeworkComplete worksheet

Thoracic CavityLesson 6

Do NowTake out Notes Packet & turn to Lesson 6

Atlas and Axis2 special cervical vertebraeC1 and C2Atlas: supports and balances the head

(nodding)Axis: allows shaking of the head (no)

Odontoid process connects it to the atlas

Rib CageProtective

(heart/lungs)Flexible (breathing)12 pairs (24 total)Connect to thoracic

vertebrae“True ribs”: first 7

pairs which connect to the sternum by costal cartilage

“False ribs”: 5 pairs which do not attach to the sternum

SternumBreastbone3 bones:

1. Manubrium (superior) ribs 1-22. Body (Middle/largest) ribs 3-73. Xiphoid (inferior/smallest) no ribs

- attaches to diaphragm- separates thoracic and

abdominal cavities- site for CPR

Pectoral Girdle:2 clavicles2 scapulae

Upper Limb:2 humerus

2 radius2 ulna

14 carpals28 phalanges

Pelvic Girdle:2 coxal bones

Sacrumcoccyx

Lower Limb:2 femur2 tibia2 fibula

14 tarsals10 metatarsals28 phalanges

Appendicular Skeleton

In class assignmentThoracic Labeling Diagrams

http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/classware/ala.do?isbn=0072829532&alaid=ala_733424&showSelfStudyTree=true

http://highered.mheducation.com/sites/0072919329/student_view0/chapter7/labeling_exercises.html#