chapter 6 - motivation
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 6 - MOTIVATION
Concepts
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What Is Motivation?
Direction
PersistenceIntensity
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Key Eleents
!" Intensity# ho$ har% a person tries
&" Direction# to$ar% 'ene(cial )oal
*" Persistence# ho$ lon) a person tries
Key Eleents
!" Intensity# ho$ har% a person tries
&" Direction# to$ar% 'ene(cial )oal
*" Persistence# ho$ lon) a person tries
Motivation The processes that acco+nt ,or anin%ivi%+als intensity. %irection. an%persistence o, e/ort to$ar% attainin) a )oal"
What is Motivation?
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Theory 0
Mana)ers 1ee Wor2ers As3Disli2in) Wor2
Avoi%in) 4esponsi'ility
5avin) ittle A'ition
Theory 7
Mana)ers 1ee Wor2ers As3 En8oyin) Wor2
Acceptin) 4esponsi'ility
1el,-Directe%
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5ierarchy o, Nee%s Theory9A:4A5AM MA1OW;
5ierarchy o, Nee%s Theory There is a hierarchy o, (venee%s as each nee% iss+'stantially satis(e%. thenet nee% 'ecoes%oinant"
@We each have a hierarchy o, nee%s thatran)es ,ro lo$er to hi)her" As lo$ernee%s are ,+l(lle% there is a ten%ency ,orother. hi)her nee%s to eer)e"B ! F
!G
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Maslo$s 5ierarchy o,Nee%s
o$er-Or%er Nee%sNee%s that are satis(e%eternally> physiolo)icalan% sa,ety nee%s"
5i)her-Or%er Nee%sNee%s that are satis(e%internally> social. estee.
an% sel,-act+ali=ation nee%s"Self
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological
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A'raha
Maslo$Hs5ierarchy o,
nee%s
:asic
Nee%s
1a,ety
Nee%s
1ocial
Nee%s
Estee
Nee%s
1el,Act+ali=ation
Nee%s
5 Levels
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Maslow’s Hierarchy
Of Needs
Hierarchy
Of Organizational Needs
Physiological
Safety/Security
Social
Esteem
Self Actualization
?
Maslow’s Theory and its relation to Organizational Needs
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Maslow’s Hierarchy
Of Needs
Hierarchy
Of Organizational Needs
Physiological
Safety/Security
Social
Esteem
Self Actualization
Proide !unch "rea#s$ rest "rea#s$ and
sufficient wages to %urchase essentials
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Maslow’s Hierarchy
Of Needs
Hierarchy
Of Organizational Needs
Physiological
Safety/Security Safe &or#ing Enironment
' (o" Security
Social
Esteem
Self Actualization
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Maslow’s Hierarchy
Of Needs
Hierarchy
Of Organizational Needs
Physiological
Safety/Security
Social
Esteem
Self Actualization
)ommunity "elongingness ia
*eam "ased %ro+ects ' socialeents
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Maslow’s Hierarchy
Of Needs
Hierarchy
Of Organizational Needs
Physiological
Safety/Security
Social
Esteem,ecognize
achieements$
(o" *itles
Self Actualization
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Maslow’s Hierarchy
Of Needs
Hierarchy
Of Organizational Needs
Physiological
Safety/Security
Social
Esteem
Self Actualization
Proide )hallenge '
o%%ortunity
*o reach full career %otential
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The Esteem Needs• There are t$o versions o, estee nee%s. a
lo$er one an% a hi)her one" The lo$er oneis the nee% ,or the respect o, others. thenee% ,or stat+s. ,ae. )lory. reco)nition.attention. rep+tation. appreciation. %i)nity.
even %oinance" The hi)her ,or involvesthe nee% ,or sel,-respect. incl+%in) s+ch,eelin)s as con(%ence. copetence.achieveent. astery. in%epen%ence. an%
,ree%o" Note that this is the @hi)herB,or 'eca+se. +nli2e the respect o, others.once yo+ have sel,-respect. its a lot har%erto loseJ
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1el,-act+ali=ation # The %rive to 'ecoe$hat one is capa'le o, 'ecoin)
• The last level is a 'it %i/erent" I, yo+ $ant to'e tr+ly sel,-act+ali=in). yo+ nee% to have yo+rlo$er nee%s ta2en care o,. at least to aconsi%era'le etent" When lo$er nee%s are+net. yo+ cant ,+lly %evote yo+rsel, to
,+l(llin) yo+r potentials"• It isnt s+rprisin). then. the $orl% 'ein) as
%ic+lt as it is. that only a sall percenta)e o,the $orl%s pop+lation is tr+ly. pre%oinantly.sel,-act+ali=in)" Maslo$ at one point
s+))este% only a'o+t t$o percentJ
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Characteristic o,1el,-act+ali=e% people
• They have an +nhostile sense o, h+or --pre,errin) to 8o2e at their o$n epense.or at the h+an con%ition. an% never
%irectin) their h+or at others" Theyhave an acceptance o, sel, an% others.On the other han%. they are o,tenstron)ly otivate% to chan)e ne)ative
L+alities in theselves that co+l% 'echan)e%" Alon) $ith this coesspontaneity an% siplicity" Theypre,erre% 'ein) theselves rather than
'ein) pretentio+s or arti(cial"
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Characteristic o,1el,-act+ali=e% people cont%
• +rther. they have a sense o, h+ility an%respect to$ar%s others F or %eocratic
val+es -- eanin) that they $ere open toethnic an% in%ivi%+al variety. eventreas+rin) it" They have h+an 2inship -- social interest. copassion. h+anity"
An% it is accopanie% 'y a stron) ethics.$hich is spirit+al '+t sel%oconventionally reli)io+s in nat+re"
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Characteristic o,1el,-act+ali=e% people cont%
• These people have a certain,reshness o, appreciation. an a'ilityto see thin)s. even or%inary thin)s.$ith $on%er" Alon) $ith this coestheir a'ility to 'e creative. inventive.an% ori)inal" inally. these people
ten%e% to have ore pea2eperiences than the avera)eperson" A pea2 eperience is onethat ta2es yo+ o+t o, yo+rsel,. thata2es yo+ ,eel very tiny. or very
lar)e. to soe etent one $ith li,e ornat+re or o%" These eperiencesten% to leave their ar2 on a person.chan)e the ,or the 'etter. an%any people actively see2 the o+t"
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Ass+ptions o, Maslo$s 5ierarchy
Moveent +p the Pyrai%• In%ivi%+als cannot ove to the net hi)herlevel +ntil all nee%s at the c+rrent 9lo$er; levelare satis(e%"
Maslo$ Application#
A hoeless person
$ill not 'e otivate% to
e%itateJ
Maslo$ Application#
A hoeless person
$ill not 'e otivate% to
e%itateJ
• In%ivi%+alsthere,ore +stove +p thehierarchy in
or%er
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5er='er)s T$o-actor Theory:otto ine# 1atis,action an%
Dissatis,action are not Opposite En%s o,the 1ae Thin)J
1eparate constr+cts
– 5y)iene actors---Etrinsic
4elate% to Dissatisfaction
– Motivation actors---Intrinsican% 4elate% to Satisfaction
5y)ieneactors#
•1alary
•Wor2Con%itions
•CopanyPolicies
Motivators#
•Achieveent
•4esponsi'ility
•ro$th
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Contrastin) Vie$s o, 1atis,action an% Dissatis,action
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Davi% McClellan%s Theory o, Nee%s
Nee% ,or Achieveent The %rive to ecel. toachieve in relation to a seto, stan%ar%s. to strive tos+ccee%"
Nee% ,orAliation
The %esire ,or,rien%ly an% closepersonalrelationships"
Nee% ,or Po$er
The nee% to a2e others
'ehave in a $ay thatthey $o+l% not have'ehave% other$ise"
:otto ine#In%ivi%+als have%i/erent levels o,nee%s in each o,these areas. an%
those levels $ill %rivetheir 'ehavior
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oal-1ettin) Theory 9E%$inoc2e;
:asic Preise# That specic an% dicult)oals. $ith self-generated feedbac . lea% to
hi)her per,orance"
:+t. the relationship 'et$een )oals an%
per,orance $ill %epen% on•)oal coitent
–@I $ant to %o it I can %o itB
•tas2 characteristics 9siple. $ell-learne%;
•national c+lt+re
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oal 1ettin) in Action# M:O Pro)ras
Mana)eent :y O'8ectives Pro)ras
• Copany $i%e )oals o'8ectives
• oals ali)ne% at all levels
•
:ase% on oal 1ettin) Theory
Mana)eent :y O'8ectives Pro)ras• Copany $i%e )oals o'8ectives
• oals ali)ne% at all levels
• :ase% on oal 1ettin) Theory
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What is M:O?
Key Eleents
!" oal speci(city
&" Participative %ecision a2in)*" An eplicit tie perio%
" Per,orance ,ee%'ac2
Key Eleents
!" oal speci(city
&" Participative %ecision a2in)*" An eplicit tie perio%
" Per,orance ,ee%'ac2
Mana)eent 'y O'8ectives 9M:O;A pro)ra that encopasses speci(c)oals. participatively set. ,or an eplicittie perio%. $ith ,ee%'ac2 on )oal
pro)ress"
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Casca%in) o, O'8ectives
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Q &G Prentice 5all Inc"All ri)hts reserve%"
Why M:Os ail
• Rnrealistic epectations a'o+t M:O
res+lts
•
ac2 o, coitent 'y topana)eent
• ail+re to allocate re$ar% properly
• C+lt+ral incopati'ilities
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1el,-Ecacy Theory
1el, Estee. $hich is3"
In%ivi%+als %e)ree o, li2in) or %isli2in)theselves"
•
An in%ivi%+als ,eelin) that sShe cancoplete a tas2 9e")" @I 2no$ IcanJB;
•Enhances pro'a'ility that )oals $ill
'e achieve%Not to 'e con,+se% $ith#
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1el,-Ecacy an% oal1ettin)
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Q &G Prentice 5all Inc"All i ht %
o+r Ways o, Increasin) 1el,Ecacy 9:an%+ra;
!"Enactive Mastery
&" Vicario+s Mo%elin)
*" Ver'al Pers+asion"Aro+sal