Chapter 6 Section 1

Republic Patrician Plebian Tribune Consul

Senate Dictator legion Hannibal

All roads lead to Rome

Rome was not built in a day

When in Rome do as the Romans do

How did a tiny city grow into a major power?

Large boot shaped Sticks out into

Mediterranean Midway between

eastern and western Mediterranean

North protected by high mountains

Sea provides protection

Ruled by Latin kings

Etruscans ruled northern Italy

Metalworkers and jewelers

Influenced by the Greeks

Middle of peninsula Romulus and Remus Latins arrived

around 1000 BC Location of Tiber

River Easy access to

trade route Easy access to the

sea

Built first walls and sewers

Arch, building techniques

Alphabet and number system

System of government

Gladiator games Sculpture and

painting

Republic-elected officials governed ruled

Patricians –heads of aristocratic families

Controlled every aspect of society

Maintained power through a patronage system

Plebeians- common people

Plebeians refuse to fight in 494 BC

Patricians gave them rights

Plebian Council Elect officials like

the Tribune

Tribunes job to protect plebeians

Veto- to stop or ban Forum- where

Roman laws were displayed

12 Tables was a victory for plebeians

Judges were forced to obey

Constitution- a political structure

Senate – a body of 300 members

Various assemblies- where all citizens could vote

Magistrates took care of laws

Consuls-chief executive• Elected for 1 year• Head of army and

navy Censors next in line

of power• Recorded city’s

population• How much property

people had• Filled Senate

vacancies

Praetors-or judges Act as Consuls

when they were away at war

Had system of checks and balances• Each part of

government could constrain the other

Thriving and vibrant Forum- the public

square Rich lived at Palatine Popular place for

shopping and gossip Farming and land

ownership noblest way to make money

Senators banned from any other career than with land

Dictator-office with unlimited power

Cincinnatus gave up power to return to farming

Military might• All men 17 to 46

required to serve in time of war

• Organized into legions

• Centurions-commissioned officers

• Command 100 men Well trained highly

disciplined

265 BC controlled all of Italy

Few conditions on subjected people

Had to provide troops to Rome

Next was Sicily Came into conflict

with Carthage

264 BC war between Rome and Carthage• Hannibal led

elephants across alps to invade Italy

• Hannibal dominated the Italian countryside

• Single battle kills or injures 50,000 Romans

Hannibal- ravaged Italy and defeated every army

Rome placed a siege on Carthage

Hannibal withdrew 3rd time Rome won Destroyed Carthage Enslaved population

Greeks sought alliance with Rome

Macedonia, Persia, Egypt fought each other

Greeks and Romans defeated them

Romans later annexed Greece

Romans adopted a lot of Greek culture

Roman art and architecture

Famous works of Romans are copies of Greek pieces

Borrowed religion Zeus became

Jupiter

Romans thought Rome should be pure

Dislike Greek influence

Tried to keep Greek styles out of Roman buildings