CHAPTER 6, SECTION 2

TIMELINE1789: FRENCH REVOLUTION BEGINS1790-94: THE MIAMI WAR1793: GENET AFFAIR1794: THE JAY TREATY1795: PICKNEY’S TREATY1796:

XYZ AFFAIRJOHN ADAMS ELECTED PRESIDENT

1800: JEFFERSON ELECTED PRESIDENT

Washington’s second termAs his first term ended Washington wanted

to return to VA. Hamilton and Jefferson convinced him he needed to stayThe French revolution was heating up

Our position The British Navy

Expansion Indian and British problems in the Northwest Spain

FOREIGN EVENTS 1789: The French RevolutionWhat happens?

French Monarch, Louis XVI, is overthrownFrance ends monarchyFrance becomes a RepublicRevolution becomes excessively violent

The Reign of Terror occurs Civil war divides France

Who cares?Other European nations are concerned; Why?They fear revolutionary ideas will spread

outside France

FOREIGN EVENTSWhat is the American view?

Depends on who you are: Examples?Anti-federalists: Want to support the revolutionFederalists: Opposed to the revolution

Why does each side feel the way they do?Anti-feds.?Feds.?

Washington: Cautious view of foreign affairs1793: Issues a declaration of neutrality Neutrality: Define

THE GENET AFFAIRApril, 1793: The Genet AffairWhat Happens?

France declared war on European monarchies, including Great Britain

French revolutionaries send Edmond Genet to recruit Americans to fight against Brits.

Washington furious about violation of American neutrality

He demands French take Genet back to FranceJefferson resigns as Secretary of State

(Genet actually stays in U.S. after his political party in France loses power)

OTHER EVENTSNative American problems:

Northwest Ordinance (1787) brings settlers into conflict w/ Native Americans

1790 – 94: The Miami War War between U.S. & Miami nation Miami: Led by “Little Turtle” U.S. eventually wins

Battle of Fallen Timbers (Gen. Anthony Wayne) Treaty of Greenville ends war; Does What?

Miami give up lands in Ohio U.S. paid $10,000 for land

Little Turtle, Gen. “Mad Anthony” Chief of the Miami Tribe Wayne, U.S. Army

Treaty of Greenville, 1795

Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810Citizen Edmond Genêt's visit caused the first major diplomatic crisis in the new nation. His attempts to enlist Americans in support of the French Revolution raised troubling questions about the international role of the United States. (Collection of the Albany Institute of History and Art. Bequest of George Genêt.)

Edmond Genêt by Ezra Ames, 1809–1810

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

KEY IDEA: Jefferson resigns in 1793, frustrated with Hamilton and the administration’s policies

Jay TreatyThe Jay Treaty

When? 1794Who? John JayWhat nations? U.S. – BritainWhy? Brits. don’t have resources to fight U.S.

& FranceAgreement?

Brits. agree to evacuate forts in N.W. territory Brit. traders allowed to continue trade in N.W.

PICKNEY’S TREATYWhen? 1795Who? U.S. – Spain TreatyWhat?

U.S. Gov’t. wanted to gain more land & securitySpain controlled large areas near / west of the

Mississippi River & in FloridaSpain worried that U.S. and/or Brits. might try to seize

landTreaty:

Spain opens Mississippi to U.S. shippingSpain gives up all land claims east of Mississippi R.,

EXCEPT FLORIDASpain – U.S. set northern Florida boundary Spain allows U.S. ships to use New Orleans

So What? U.S. gains land and more transportation routes

Jay’s Treaty & Pinckney’s TreatyJay’s Treaty:+ British pledge to evacuate

US soil- They should have already

done this in 1783- US bound to pay pre-

revolutionary accounts to Brit. Merchants

- Jeffersonian South would have to pay the majority of these debts.

OVERALL: - Negative resultTreaty hurts Republicans, Washington, & vitalizes the Republican party

Pinkney’s Treaty:+ Spain meets all of US

demands+ Spain concedes

disputed land in N. Florida to US

+Spain grants navigation rights on the Mississippi to Americans

OVERALL: Positive Result

Growing Danger of Sectionalism

Election of 1796

Adams (Federalist) receives 71 electoral votes.Jefferson (Republican) receives 68 electoral votes.ALMOST ALL OF JEFFERSON’S VOTES COME

FROM THE SOUTH, ADAMS WINS ALMOST ALL OF HIS VOTES IN THE NORTH.

Adams becomes President, Jefferson is Vice-President.

Is the new nation already coming apart?

John Adams,Pres. of the U.S., 1796-1800

THE XYZ AFFAIRPres. John Adams faced w/immediate problem: possible

war with FranceWhy? French angered by the Jay TreatyWhy? View it as violation of 1778 French-American

AllianceResult? French navy begins hijacking U.S. ships Adams responds:

Sends U.S. officials to France for negotiations French want bribes before any agreement Called the “XYZ Affair”

U.S. response: U.S. begins seizing French ships The Quasi-War begins: Undeclared naval war between

France & U.S. War lasts for 2 years

So What? What Americans lose prestige after XYZ Affair?

Anti-feds. ; Why? John Adams ; Why?

XYZ AffairThe French, enraged by Jay’s Treaty, abuse the

US ambassador.Adams sends 3 men, including John Marshall, to

France.French officials demand $250,000 bribe before

letting the Americans see Tallyrand.Americans refuse, go home.America authorizes a navy and the marine

corps is created.Federalists call for all out war. Instead, for 2

years each nation captures the others ships at sea when they can.

THE ALIEN & SEDITION ACTSAfter XYZ Affair, Fed. - Republican rivalry gets worseWhy?

Feds. & Adams view Republicans as dangerous to nation’s welfare

Republicans view Feds. as too pro-BritishSo What?

1798: Feds. get Alien & Sedition Acts passed Did what?

Citizenship requirement raised: 5-14 years Pres. May jail or deport anyone considered “undesirable” Set fines & jail terms for people who publicly express opinions

considered harmful to the governmentEffect?

Feds. use law as a way of silencing their Republican rivals Republicans view theses laws as a violation of the 1st

Amendment Leads to the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

VRIGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONSAnti-feds. (Republicans) oppose the Alien

& Sedition ActsWhy?

Thought they were UnconstitutionalThought the Feds. were using these laws to

weaken the Anti-feds.Anti-feds. decide to use the state gov’ts. to

oppose the Alien & Sedition ActsWhose Idea?

Thomas JeffersonJames Madison

VIRGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS (Cont’d.)Did What?

Madison: writes the Virginia Resolution Jefferson: writes the Kentucky Resolution

Combined by Anti-feds. to form one document: The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

Describe: 1. Both states claim the right to declare the acts NULL & VOID because they claimed the acts violated the Bill of

Rights.2. Both states claimed the right to NULLIFY any federal law beyond the powers specifically granted by the Constitution to the federal government.

So What? Idea of “Nullification” (Define) is created.

6.2 OrganizerCause and Effect

French RevolutionPinckney’s TreatyBattle of Fallen

TimbersElection of 1796Jay’s TreatyXYZ AffairTensions b/w

Federalists & Republicans

Alien and Sedition Acts

Edmund Genet AffairExpansion WestJay’s TreatyRising SectionalismXYZ AffairTensions b/w

Federalists & Republicans

Alien and Sedition ActsVA & KY Resolutions