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Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Turran Hill

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Page 1: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Chapter 6

Sensation

Turran HillTurran Hill

Page 2: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Sensation Sensation is Sensation is

the detection the detection of simple of simple properties of properties of stimuli, such stimuli, such as brightness, as brightness, warmth, and warmth, and sweetness.sweetness.

Page 3: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

1. A neuron that responds directly to physical energy is called a ________ cell.

A. receptorA. receptor B. transducerB. transducer C. sense C. sense

organorgan

Page 4: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

The answer is…

A. receptorA. receptor

Receptor cells are neurons that Receptor cells are neurons that respond to stimuli such as light respond to stimuli such as light and vibrations.and vibrations.

Page 5: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

What is the relationship between receptor, transducer, and sense organ?

Transduction is the process sense Transduction is the process sense organs use to change energy from organs use to change energy from the environment into neural activity.the environment into neural activity.

Receptor cells release chemical Receptor cells release chemical transmitter substances that transmitter substances that stimulate other neurons. This stimulate other neurons. This changes an axon’s rate of firing of changes an axon’s rate of firing of their axons.their axons.

Page 6: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

VISION

Page 7: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Eye Vocabulary CorneaCornea ScleraSclera IrisIris LensLens RetinaRetina PhotoreceptorPhotoreceptor

Optic diskOptic disk RodRod ConeCone FoveaFovea AccommodatioAccommodatio

nn

Page 8: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Color Vision Vocabulary

BrightnessBrightnessSaturationSaturationColor Color

mixingmixing

Page 9: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

The key vitamin involved in the transduction of radiant energy is vitamin ___ . A. AA. A B. BB. B C. DC. D D. ED. E

Page 10: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

The answer is… Vitamin AVitamin A

Carrots are Carrots are good for vision good for vision because they because they contain a contain a substance that substance that is easily made is easily made into vitamin A.into vitamin A.

Page 11: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

In terms of color vision, which of the following does not belong with the others?

A. humansA. humans B. dogsB. dogs C. birdsC. birds D. fishD. fish

Page 12: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Here comes the answer!!

Primates are the Primates are the only mammals that only mammals that have full color have full color vision.vision.

Fish and birds also Fish and birds also have excellent have excellent color vision color vision (among (among nonmammals)nonmammals)

Page 13: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Yellow light stimulates which photoreceptor?

A.A. YellowYellowB.B. Blue and Blue and

GreenGreenC.C. Red and BlueRed and BlueD.D. Red and Red and

GreenGreen

Page 14: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

D. Red and Green

Yellow light is located between the Yellow light is located between the red and green and stimulates each red and green and stimulates each equally.equally.

Page 15: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Visual information follows which of the following routes to the brain?

A. ganglion cells, bipolar cells, A. ganglion cells, bipolar cells, photoreceptorsphotoreceptors

B. photoreceptors, ganglion cells, B. photoreceptors, ganglion cells, bipolar cellsbipolar cells

C. photoreceptors, bipolar cells, C. photoreceptors, bipolar cells, ganglion cellsganglion cells

D. bipolar cells, ganglion cells, D. bipolar cells, ganglion cells, photoreceptorsphotoreceptors

Page 16: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Visual information is sent to the brain through…

C. C. photoreceptophotoreceptor, bipolar r, bipolar cells, cells, ganglion cellsganglion cells

Page 17: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

AUDITION

Page 18: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Ear Vocabulary

Hertz (Hz)Hertz (Hz) OssicleOssicle CochleaCochlea Oval windowOval window Basilar Basilar

membranemembrane

Round windowRound window Auditory hair Auditory hair

cellcell CiliumCilium Tectorial Tectorial

membranemembrane

Page 19: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Sound Vocabulary

OvertoneOvertone Fundamental Fundamental

frequencyfrequency TimbreTimbre

Page 20: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

White noise contains

A. primarily sounds of less than 200 A. primarily sounds of less than 200 HzHz

B. sounds above 20,000 HzB. sounds above 20,000 Hz C. no sounds of an audible frequencyC. no sounds of an audible frequency D. all frequencies of soundD. all frequencies of sound

Page 21: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

D. all frequencies of sound White noise White noise

sounds like the sounds like the ssssh sound ssssh sound you hear when you hear when changing the changing the radio station.radio station.

Page 22: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Which kind of sound is the most effective at causing large solid objects to vibrate?

A. low frequency soundsA. low frequency sounds B. medium frequency soundsB. medium frequency sounds C. medium to high frequency C. medium to high frequency

soundssounds D. high frequency soundsD. high frequency sounds

Page 23: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

A. low frequency sounds

Large objects Large objects vibrate in vibrate in response to low response to low frequencies frequencies ONLY.ONLY.

Page 24: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

A perfectly healthy ear can hear frequencies of about ____ Hz.

A. 20,000A. 20,000 B. 30,000B. 30,000 C. 40,000C. 40,000 D. 50,000D. 50,000

Page 25: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

D. 20,000 A good ear can A good ear can

hear frequencies hear frequencies of more than of more than 20,000 Hz, but 20,000 Hz, but axons cannot fire axons cannot fire more than 1000 more than 1000 tmes per second.tmes per second.

Page 26: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Gustation(taste)

Page 27: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Chemosense One of the two One of the two

sense modalities sense modalities that detect the that detect the presence of presence of particular particular molecules present molecules present in the environmentin the environment

(gustation and (gustation and olfaction)olfaction)

Page 28: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Which of the following is not a quality of taste we can perceive?

A. bitterA. bitter B. spicyB. spicy C. sweetC. sweet D. saltyD. salty E. sourE. sour

Page 29: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

B. spicy

Spiciness is Spiciness is a flavor. a flavor. Flavors Flavors include include taste AND taste AND smell.smell.

Page 30: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Regions of Sensitivity

The tip of the tongue is sensitive The tip of the tongue is sensitive to sweet and salty substances.to sweet and salty substances.

The sides are sensitive to sour.The sides are sensitive to sour.

The back is sensitive to bitter.The back is sensitive to bitter.

Page 31: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

What is another term for the “bumps” on the tongue? A. papillaeA. papillae B. taste budsB. taste buds C. taste C. taste

receptorsreceptors D. microvilliD. microvilli

Page 32: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

A. papillae Each papilla Each papilla

contains a contains a number of taste number of taste buds. buds.

A taste bud is a A taste bud is a small organ that small organ that contains a contains a number of number of receptor cells.receptor cells.

Page 33: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Receptor cells have hairlike projections called microvilli that protrude through the pores of taste buds into the saliva that coats the tongue.

Page 34: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

OLFACTION

Page 35: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Among humans, olfaction plays an important role in

A. identifying each other.A. identifying each other. B. attracting potential mates.B. attracting potential mates. C. identifying spoiled food.C. identifying spoiled food. D. repelling people we don’t D. repelling people we don’t

like.like.

Page 36: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

C. identifying spoiled food

Odors help us Odors help us avoid some avoid some dangers, such dangers, such as rotten food. as rotten food.

The odor of The odor of rotten meat rotten meat can induce can induce vomiting. vomiting.

Page 37: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

One of the places in the brain that olfactory information is sent to is the ______, which plays a role in both______.

A. limbic system; emotion and memoryA. limbic system; emotion and memory B. hypothalamus; homeostasis and B. hypothalamus; homeostasis and

thirstthirst C. amygdala; emotion and aggressionC. amygdala; emotion and aggression D. cerebellum; movement and D. cerebellum; movement and

coordinationcoordination

Page 38: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

A. Limbic system; emotion and memory

One reason that we One reason that we may remember a may remember a person, place, or person, place, or thing when we thing when we smell a familiar smell a familiar odor is probably odor is probably because the limbic because the limbic system is where system is where that information is that information is received.received.

Page 39: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

SOMATOSENSES

Page 40: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Somatosenses (body senses) include response to temperature, touch, and pain

Page 41: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Skin Senses

TemperatuTemperaturere

PressurePressurePainPain

Page 42: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Touch and Pressure

Touch is the sensation of very Touch is the sensation of very light contact of an object with the light contact of an object with the skin.skin.

Pressure is the sensation Pressure is the sensation produced by more forceful produced by more forceful contact. Pressure occurs only if contact. Pressure occurs only if the skin moves.the skin moves.

Page 43: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Pain It would be It would be

hard to survive hard to survive without pain.without pain.

Pain tells us Pain tells us when when something is something is wrong with our wrong with our bodies.bodies.

Page 44: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Internal Senses

Conveys painful, Conveys painful, neutral, and neutral, and pleasurable pleasurable sensory sensory information.information.

For example, For example, having a warm having a warm drinkdrink

Page 45: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Vestibular Senses

Our sense of Our sense of balance balance involves involves several senses.several senses.

Page 46: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Vestibular Apparatus

Receptive Receptive organs of the organs of the inner ear that inner ear that contribute to contribute to balance and balance and perception of perception of head movementhead movement

Page 47: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

If we close If we close our eyes, we our eyes, we can see how can see how important important they are to they are to our ability our ability to balanceto balance

Page 48: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Our receptors for temperature respond best to ______ temperature.

A. lowA. low B. highB. high C. constantC. constant D. changes D. changes

inin

Page 49: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

D. changes in

Our skin receptors Our skin receptors respond least to respond least to constant and non-constant and non-changing stimulation.changing stimulation.

Page 50: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

Which of the following is NOT one of the somatosenses? A. changes in lateralityA. changes in laterality B. painB. pain C. touchC. touch D. vibrationD. vibration

Page 51: Chapter 6 Sensation Turran Hill Sensation Sensation is the detection of simple properties of stimuli, such as brightness, warmth, and sweetness. Sensation

A. changes in laterality

Our Our somatosensesomatosenses can detect s can detect pain, pain, vibration, vibration, and touch.and touch.