Chapter 6 - WWI

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FranceBritain RussiaSerbiaU.S.

GermanyAustro-Hungarian EmpireOttoman Empire

SpainSwitzerlandNetherlands

•Franz Ferdinand was assassinated while in Serbia

•Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia

Russia sides with Serbia andDeclares war on Austria-Hungary

Germany sides with Austria-Hungary and declares war on Russia and it’s ally France

Great Britain sides with France and declares war on Germany

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Woodrow Wilson’s Diplomacy•Wilson believed Democracy was essential for a nations prosperity•He sends 6,000 troops to Mexico to capture Poncho Villa and help stabilize the government.

Moving the U.S Toward War•The British blockade trade to Germany•German U-boats begin sinking merchant ships•The Lusitanian a passenger liner is sunk 1200 people died, including 128 Americans•U.S. intercepted the Zimmermann telegram

The Outbreak of WWI•Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a Serbian Nationalist•WWI begins and countries take sides.

American Neutrality•American immigrants side with their home country.•British cut the transatlantic telegram and send propaganda to generate support.•Citizens begin investing in Allied Bonds.

Building the Military•The Selective Service was established requiring men to register for the draft.•Over 2 million volunteered•42,000 African Americans served overseas•It was the first war that women could officially server, they worked as nurses.

Organizing Industry•The War industries board told manufactures what to produce for the war effort.•The National War Labor Board worked to prevent strikes that could disrupt production.•Many women worked to fill jobs left by men to fight overseas.•Many Mexicans began moving north to the United States to help work on farms and ranches.

Importance of Food“Food will win the war” Food production needed to increase while consumption decreased.

Ensuring Public Support•The government restricted civil liberties to fight antiwar activities at home. •The supreme court agreed that civil liberties could be suspended if the act involved presents “clear and present danger.”

Raising the Money•By the end of the war, the U.S. had spent $32 Billion. •Taxes were increased•Liberty and Victory Bonds were sold to raise money.

Vocab

• The Espionage Act of 1917Made it a crime to aid the enemy or interfering with the war effort.• The sedition Act of 1918 expanded made it a crime to publicly oppose the

war. • Liberty/Victory Bonds• Victory Gardens• War Industries Board• Railroad Administration• Food Administration• Fuel Administration• National War Board• Committee on Public Informatinon

Schenck v. United States

Combat in WWI• Trench Warfare and new weapons had changed the face of war.• Big battles usually had several hundred thousand casualties for both sides.

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The Americans and Victory•No American troop ships were sunk on the way to Europe.•The Bolsheviks overthrow the Czar in Russia in a revolution and removes Russia from the war.•Allied forces stop the German advance in France. •Allied forces including 600,000 American troops breakthrough German lines in the battle of Argonne Forest.

New Weapons•Machine Gun •Poison Gas•The Tank•Airplanes

A Flawed Peace• The U.S., France, Britian and Italy meet to resolve issues in WWI.• Wilson creates a 14 point plan he presents to congress. • Treaty of Versailles is signed on June 28,1919, but the U.S. senate refused to ratify it.• WWI disolved 4 empires, Russian, German, Ottoman and Austria-Hungary. •9 New Nations were created.

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An Economy in Turmoil•Inflation caused the cost of living to increase.•Workers continued to want higher wages.•In 1919 over 3,600 strikes had taken place.

Racial Unrest•Soldiers returning from war need to find jobs. •Racial tensions grew due to lack of employment. • Over 20 race riots broke out in 1919.

An end to the progressive•Economic Problems, Labor unrest, and racial tensions created discontentment in society.•Warren G. Harding was elected president and promised a return to “normalcy,” the days before the progressive.

Red Scare•The wave of strikes led some to fear a communist takeover.•Parcel bombs were being sent to business leaders.•The FBI was created to investigate.•Many foreigners had their rights violated.

Vocab Section 2

Draft

• A system of selecting people for forced military service

War Industries Board

• An agency that was created to to coordinate the production of war materials.

Victory Gardens

• Gardens planted by citizens to help conserve food for the war effort.

Liberty Bonds

• Also called victory bonds, these were bonds sold by the government to citizens to raise money for the war.

Food Administration

• Supervised agricultural production, promoted food conservation and rationing.

Fuel Administration

• Increased production of coal and oil; maintained conservation of fuel with such innovations as daylight savings time.

National Labor Board

• Maintained cooperation between industry management and labor unions; acted as a mediator to prevent and quickly settle disputes.

Committee on Public Information

• Provided propaganda to rally citizen support for all aspects of the war effort.

Railroad Administration

• Assumed temporary control of the rail lines to modernize equipment and increase operating efficiency.

Espionage

• Spying to acquire secret government information.

Schenck V. The U.S.

• A supreme court ruling that an individuals speech could be curbed when the words uttered present a clear and present danger.

Trench Warfare

• A strategy for war that involved soldiers digging trenches in which they attacked their enemy hiding in other trenches near by.

Vladimir Lenin

• The leader of the Bolshevik party, who overthrew the Russian Czar.

Treaty of Brestlitslovik

• A treaty between Russia after the Bolshevik takeover with Germany that pulled Russia out of the war.

Fourteen Points

• President Wilson’s plan to resolve the complicated issues of WWI. Key points included, reduced arms, free trade, freedom of the seas, open diplomacy and the creation of the league of nations.

Treaty of Versailles

• The treaty ending WWI signed by Germany on June 28, 1919. Many of Wilson’s points were left out of the treaty and Germany was forced to pay $33 Billion and acknowledge guilt for the outbreak of WWI.

Reparations

• Money paid for war damages.

League of Nations

• A group of United Countries that would help preserve peace and avoid future wars.

Red Scare

• A nationwide panic that communists ,or “reds,” might seize power in the United States.

J. Edgar Hoover

• The first head of the General Intelligence Division, which is now the FBI