chapter 6:energy & atmosphere - store & retrieve data …green+associate+made+e… ·...

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 1

Chapter 6:Energy & Atmosphere

Category with highest number of points

1 © 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved.

Learning Objectives


• Fundamental & Enhanced commissioning and verification

• Minimum & Optimize energy performance

• Building-level & Advanced energy metering

• Fundamental & Enhanced refrigerant management

• Demand response

• Renewable energy production

• Green power and carbon offsets

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 2

End use energy Use Distribution for Commercial Buildings in US


Minimum & Optimum Energy Performance


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 3

Minimum & Optimum Energy Performance

Prerequisite Credit

•At least 5%

better

performance

over baseline

energy

consumption(AS

HRAE 90.1 2010)

•Improve the energy

performance beyond

prerequisite (ASHRAE

90.1 2010)

•Has the highest

number of possible

points


Significance:

•Energy directly related to Global warming •Pollution to air, water and soil •Depletion of resources •Contributes to acid rain & smog


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 4

Strategies & Implementation


Proper orientation of the building:

•Optimize day light and heat gain/heat loss •Glazing in appropriate direction to maximize

day light and minimize heat gain/loss •Utilize shading of adjacent structures •Optimize window the wall ratio


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 5

Optimized Building Envelope:

1. Optimize U(heat transfer coefficient) value for windows, external wall and roof

2. Optimize Solar Heat Gain Coefficient of the glazing


Efficient HVAC Equipments, pumping system & Lighting

• Select HVAC equipment higher Coefficient of Performance(COP)/Energy Efficiency Ratio(EER)

• Efficient Lighting – LPD not to exceed ASHRAE 90.1- 2010

• Consider passive technologies like day lighting, night venting, natural ventilation etc


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 6

1.Occupancy sensors 2.Daylight sensors 3.Demand control

ventilation 4.Shading controls 5.Programmable

thermostats

Efficient Controls


Cogeneration/Combined Heat and Power


Cogeneration or combined heat and power (CHP) is the use

of a heat engine or power station to simultaneously generate

electricity and useful heat.

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 7

•Use Energy modeling in predesigned phase •Perform base case and design case simulation

Energy Modeling – tool for evaluating Energy Efficiency options


EPA Energy star target finder: Set Energy Efficiency targets


• No-cost online tool that enables architects and building owners to set energy targets during design stage

• Projects that earn a score of 75 or higher may be eligible for ENERGY STAR certification

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 8

EPA Energy star Portfolio Manager: Manage buildings energy usage


• Interactive online tool to record and track the energy and water consumption of a building or group of buildings.

• Portfolio Manager can help Facility Managers/ Building owners identify underperforming buildings and make investment decisions

HERs: Evaluating energy efficiency in homes


• The Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Index developed by RESNET(Residential Energy Services Network) is the INDUSTRY STANDARD by which a home's energy efficiency is measured.

• Lower the index better the efficiency

• HERS Index 65 means the home is 35 % more efficient compared to a new standard home

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 9

Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy Production

Green Power & Carbon offset


Various Renewable Energy Sources


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 10

•Solar – Photo voltaic system

•Solar Thermal System

•Wind Energy

•Tidal Energy


Geothermal Power Generation

Biomass from animal, agricultural waste & landfill gas etc


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 11

Low impact Hydro energy


Non Renewable Energy Sources


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 12

All fossil based energy like oil, coal, methane etc and nuclear energy

Energy from incineration of municipal waste, deforested wood, coated, painted wood or any contaminated sources


Conventional hydropower plants

Passive technologies like geothermal heat exchange/heat pump, night venting, day lighting, natural ventilation etc


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 13

Renewable Energy Production– Generated on site

Green Power & Carbon Offset

Subscribe for renewable energy from utility provider.

Purchase Renewable Energy Certificates

Open Market Closed Market

• Green E or equivalent certified • Contracted for min 2yrs



3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 14


Sample REC

• Video Demonstrating RECs http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzPCdpBHvFI

© 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 28

YouTube video references

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzPCdpBHvFI

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LzPCdpBHvFI

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 15

Fundamental & Enhanced Refrigerant Management


Significance


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 16

Stratospheric Ozone depletion


Global Warming


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 17

Various Refrigerant Groups


Natural Refrigerants

• Air, CO2, H20, ammonia (NH3)

and Hydrocarbons (Propane,

butane etc)

• Environmentally good

Disadvantages:

• Air, CO2, H20 - poor refrigerant

properties

• Ammonia - toxic in nature

• Hydrocarbons - explosive


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 18

Chloro Fluro Carbons - CFC

Example R11, R12

• Excellent refrigerant properties

• Very high Ozone depleting

potential

• Not produced in US since 1995

• Completely phase-out by 2010 by

Montreal protocol


Hydro Chloro Flouro Carbons - HCFC

Example: R22, R123

• Reduced Chlorine, Reduced ODP

• 2020:99.5% of HCFC phase-out in

US

• 2030 –HCFC to be completed

phased out Montreal Protocol


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 19

Hydro Flouro Carbons - HFC

HFC

Example: R134a, R 407c, R 410a

• Zero Chlorine, Zero ODP

• Higher Global warming potential

• Energy inefficient compared to

CFC/HCFC based equipments


Summary of ODP and GWP of different refrigerants


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 20


Environmentally preferable of Refrigerants

• No refrigerants at all(Natural Ventilation)

• Natural Refrigerants

• HFC

• HCFC


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 21

New Buildings: •No CFCs Major Renovation: •No CFCs or •Phase-out CFC before completion of the project Existing Buildings O&M: • No CFCs or Phase-out within 5 years or • Prove that replacement of CFC’s are commercially not

feasible and Reduce the leakage rate of CFC based refrigerants to 5% or less using EPA Clean Air Act procedures

Fundamental Refrigerant Management


•Reduce overall environmental impact caused by refrigerants Select Refrigerant which has lesser ODP & GWP Select equipment which can operate at lower pressure Reduce the leakage rate of refrigerants Select equipment with higher life

•No hallons, CFC and HCFC in fire suppression system

Enhanced Refrigerant Management


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 22

Fundamental & Enhanced Commissioning


Terminologies


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 23

Commissioning(Cx): The process of verifying and

documenting that a building and all of its systems and

assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested,

operated and maintained to meet the owner’s project

requirements(OPR).

Fundamental Vs Enhanced Commissioning:

Fundamental commissioning starts late and ends early

Enhanced commissioning starts early and ends late 45

© 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved.

© 2015 Green Building Academy. All rights reserved. 46

Fundamental & Enhanced Commissioning

Pre-design

Design

Construction documents

Bidding

Construction

Performance testing

Occupancy

Operation & Maintenance

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 24

• Ensure energy related systems are designed, installed and maintained as required by OPR

• Reduced maintenance issues, call backs and better energy performance


Why commissioning?

The following are the minimum energy related systems that should be included in commissioning

• HVAC equipments and its associated controls

• Lighting and day lighting controls.

• Domestic hot water systems.

• Renewable energy systems (e.g. wind, solar)

Systems to be Commissioned


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 25

Building level & Advanced Metering

Prerequisite Credit

Metering system to

provide building level

energy consumption

for all energy types like

electricity, gas, chilled

water


Advanced metering system to

•Provide end use energy distribution

•Log data on hourly basis

•Monitor demand

Demand Response


3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 26

• Electricity demand is not uniform through out the year.

• Peak demand occurs at extreme weather conditions


Demand Side Management and its significance

• Utility companies need to have generation capacity and grid infrastructure to meet the peak demand.

• At peak demand, generation plants have to run at full load including the inefficient ones

• Developing generation, transmission and distribution infrastructure is called supply side management.

• Developing plans and strategies to reduce the peak demand is called as Demand Side Management

• Demand side management is much more economical compared to developing infrastructures


Demand Side Management and its significance contd..

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 27

• Utilities implement a number of DSM strategies to reduce the peak demand. Few of them

• Higher electricity price at peak hours of the day

– Higher demand charges: Many utilities bill separate charges for peak demand in addition to consumption

– Thermal Storage system: Chillers with thermal storage system run at off peak hours and stores thermal energy in thermal storage system. Stored thermal energy is then used during peak peak hours of the day.

– Demand Response


Demand Side Management Strategies

Demand response (DR)

• a change in electricity use by demand-side resources from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity or to incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use at times of high wholesale market prices or when system reliability is jeopardized

• In Demand Response programs, the end user reduces his electricity demand when there is a trigger from the utility provider


Demand Response

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 28

• The project should have software and hardware infrastructure to participate in Demand response program.

• The project should participate in Demand Response program if available


Demand Response: LEED Requirements

Summary


• Fundamental & Enhanced commissioning and verification

• Minimum & Optimize energy performance

• Building-level & Advanced energy metering

• Fundamental & Enhanced refrigerant management

• Demand response

• Renewable energy production

• Green power and carbon offsets

3/5/2016

GBA/GA/PPT V 00 29

Questions? Ask your questions in the forum section


chapter 6:energy & atmosphere - store & retrieve data …green+associate+made+e… ·...

Documents