chapter 7
DESCRIPTION
Chapter 7. Membrane Structure & Function. Membrane Structure, I. Shows Selective permeability Known as the plasma membrane Amphipathic - hydrophobic & hydrophilic regions Singer-Nicolson developed the fluid mosaic model. Membrane Structure, II. Phospholipids - membrane fluidity - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7
Membrane Structure & Function
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Membrane Structure, I
Shows Selective permeabilityKnown as the plasma membraneAmphipathic - hydrophobic & hydrophilic regionsSinger-Nicolson developed the fluid mosaic model
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Membrane Structure, IIPhospholipids - membrane fluidityCholesterol - membrane stabilization“Mosaic” Structure due to:Integral proteins - transmembrane proteinsPeripheral proteins - surface of membraneMembrane carbohydrates -~ cell to cell recognition; oligosaccharides (cell markers); glycolipids; glycoproteins
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Membrane Structure, III
Membrane protein functions: TransportEnzymatic activitySignal transductionIntercellular joiningCell-cell recognitionECM attachment
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Membrane TrafficDiffusion - tendency of any molecule to spread out into available space Concentration gradient – moves from high to lowPassive transport - diffusion of a substance across a biological membraneOsmosis - the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane; DOWN the concentration gradient
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Water Balance
Osmoregulation - control of water balanceHypertonic - higher concentration of solutesHypotonic - lower concentration of solutesIsotonic - equal concentrations of solutes
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Water Balance
Cells with Walls (plants, bacteria):Require hypotonic external environments to keep their turgor pressure (water pressure pushing cell membrane out against cell wall)Become limp or flaccid when lose turgor pressurePlasmolysis - plasma membrane pulls away from cell wall
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Water Balance
Cells without Walls (animals, most protist):Require isotonic external environmentsHypertonic environments – cells swell & may burst with too much water pressure (Cytolysis)May have contractile vacuoles (some protists) to control internal water pressure
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Specialized TransportTransport proteins (with or without channels)Facilitated diffusion - passage of molecules and ions with transport proteins across a membrane down the concentration gradientActive transport - movement of a substance against its concentration gradient with the help of cellular energy
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Types of Active TransportSodium-potassium pumpExocytosis - secretion of
macromolecules by the fusion of vesicles with the plasma membraneEndocytosis - import of macromolecules by forming new vesicles with the plasma membranePhagocytosis –cell “eating”Pinocytosis – cell “drinking”Receptor-mediated endocytosis (ligands)
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