chapter 7 memory section 1: three kinds of memory section 2: three processes of memory section 3:...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 7MEMORY
Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
Section 3: Three Stages of Memory
Section 4: Forgetting and Memory Improvement
HIPPOCAMPUS
“Director” of the memory system Infantile Amnesia – lack of neurons in the
hippocampus prior to the age of 3 Memories before age 3 – can happen but not
likely
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Infantile Amnesia
Age 3 – My earliest memory is my mom combing my hair on the kitchen table after I took a bath
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My earliest memory – Age 3
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Memory??
Do I remember the actual event? (Episodic) OR do I remember the picture? Activity: Sleep Cards
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Dan Shachter – Harvard University
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Question: What are the three kinds of memory?
THREE KINDS OF MEMORY Episodic memory – memory of a specific event that took
place in the person’s presence or through experience Semantic memory – general knowledge that people
remember Procedural/Implicit memory – a memory that consists of
the skills and procedures one has learned
Section 1: Three Kinds of Memory
Why Do We Remember??
1. It is important or emotional? Broke my arm when I was 5
2. It is odd or unique Gave a quiz in a gorilla suit
3. It is a “First” Riding a bike
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The Process of Memory
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Question: What are the three processes of memory?
THREE PROCESSES OF MEMORY Encoding – the translation of information into a form in
which it can be stored Storage – the second process of memory and is the
maintenance of encoded information over a period of time Retrieval – third process of memory; consists of locating
stored information and returning it to conscious thought
Section 2: Three Processes of Memory
3 Processes of Memory
1. Encoding – getting information into storage We encode in three basic ways
Visual – see it Auditory – hear it Semantic – understand it (MEANING)
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Processes of Memory
2. Storage There are Three storage capacities
Sensory Memory Short Term Memory Long Term Memory
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3 Processes of Memory
3. Retrieval – getting information from storage Retrieval Failure – cant get info out Tip of the Tongue (TOT) Retrieval Cues – help to remember (multiple
choice)
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Finding Nemo – Short Term Memory Loss (STM)
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3 Storage Capacites
Sensory Memory – brief / 1 second Driving to school and noticing the cars
Short Term Memory – 30 seconds What we experience right now
Long Term Memory – infinite Remembering some of my ties
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Question: How are the three stages of memory related to each other?
Some images held in sensory memory are transferred to short-term memory.
Information that is repeated in short-term memory can be transferred to long-term memory.
Section 3: Three Stages of Memory
Remembering & Forgetting
Serial Position – remember 1st and Last Primacy Effect – remember 1st on list Recency Effect – remember last(most recent)
on list Activity: I am Going on A Picnic -
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Chunking
Breaking the material into chunks to help with your memory MTVNATONASA MTV NATO NASA 8675309 867 5309
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Question: In what ways can memory be improved?
IMPROVING MEMORY Drill and Practice – doing something over and over again
(repetition) Relating to Things One Already Knows – elaborative
rehearsal Forming Unusual Associations – making an unusual or
humorous association with something else to help you recall the information
Section 4: Forgetting and Memory Improvement
Question: In what ways can memory be improved?
Constructing Links – constructing a meaningful link between items
Using Mnemonic Devices – systems for remembering information
Section 4: Forgetting and Memory Improvement
IMPROVING MEMORY (continued)
Forgetting
P - Proactive Interference R - Retroactive Interference I - Inattention M - Motivated Forgetting (Repression) E - Elapse of Time
Clive Wearing
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Leveling
Leave out details but got some of the general ideas down Ex. Reading a story to someone and having them
repeat what they heard A game of “telephone”
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Amnesia
Retrograde Amnesia - can’t remember what happened before the injury
Anterograde Amnesia - can’t remember what happened After the injury
Ask For a Great College Roommate story
Ebbinghaus
Ebbinghaus Curve Forget within hours and then it levels off
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Bears & Memory
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