chapter 7, section 2 britain leads the way. lesson objectives explain why britain was the starting...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 7, Section 2 Britain Leads the Way
Lesson Objectives
• Explain why Britain was the starting point for the Industrial Revolution.
• Describe the changes that transformed the textile industry.
• Identify the different methods for transportation during this time period.
Reasons why Britain was the starting point of the Industrial Revolution
• Resources – small nation in area, large in natural resources– Coal – power steam
engines– Iron – build new machines– Labor supply
• Workers needed to mine coal & iron, build factories, run machines
• Freed many people from farm labor
• Led to population boom
Reasons why Britain was the starting point of the Industrial Revolution
• New technology -Plenty of skilled mechanics, eager to meet growing demands for new practical inventions
Reasons why Britain was the starting point of the Industrial Revolution
• Economic conditions– Trade from growing overseas
empire helped Britain’s economy prosper• Slave trade
– Business accumulated capital or money (wealth to invest in enterprises)
– Shipping, mining, railroads, factories
– Population explosion – increased demand for goods
Economic prosperity – helped make new consumer goods
affordable to every class
Reasons why Britain was the starting point of the Industrial Revolution
• Political & Social Conditions– Stable government
• Supported economic growth• Strong navy to protect empire
– Religious attitudes• Some religious groups –
encouraged thrift & hard work which made for successful business
• Others weren’t concerned w/ the afterlife – were risk-takers & wanted material wealth
Changes that transformed the textile (cloth) industryIndustrial Revolution began in Britain’s largest industry
• Britain’s textile industry– Cotton cloth imported
from India– Developed “putting out”
system• Raw cotton distributed to
peasant families• Peasants spun it into
thread & wove it into cloth
• Skilled artisans in towns finished & dyed cloth
Changes that transformed the textile (cloth) industryIndustrial Revolution began in Britain’s largest industry
• As demand for cloth grew, inventors created devices which simplified textile industry– John Kay
• “Flying shuttle”• Weavers wove faster
– James Hargreave• Spinning jenny (1764)• Spun many threads at same time
– Richard Arkwright• Waterframe• Used power to speed up
spinning
Changes that transformed the textile (cloth) industryIndustrial Revolution began in Britain’s largest industry
• Manufacturers built long sheds to house machinery– Located near rapidly moving
streams• Provided water power to run
machines• Late machines were powered
by steam engines
– Spinners & weavers came to work in first factories (place that brought together workers & machines to produce large quantities of goods)
New technologies that were part of the revolution in transportation
• With increase in production, businessmen needed faster, cheaper ways to move goods from place to place– Capitalists invested in
turnpikes• Privately built roads• Charged travelers a fee to use
– Other capitalists dug canals• Linked rivers• Connected inland towns w/
coastal ports
New technologies that were part of the revolution in transportation
• On land ~ steam locomotive> growth of railroad– 1800’s George Stephenson
• Steam-powered locomotive• Rail carriage along iron rails
– Railroads did not have to follow the course of rivers• Tracks go where rivers don’t• Allowed factory owners to move
goods over land
– (1830) World’s first rail line• From Liverpool to Manchester,
Eng.• By 1870, rail lines all across Eng.
America & Europe
New technologies that were part of the revolution in transportation
• On sea ~ steam power to improve shipping– Robert Fulton (1807)
• Used Watt’s first steam engine to power the Clermont up the Hudson R.
• Traveled 5 mph
– Late 1800’s steam-powered freighters• With iron hulls• Carried 10-20 times cargo
of wooden ships