chapter 7 section 2 city life don’t copy anything in blue!!!!
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7 Section 2
City Life
Don’t copy anything in blue!!!!
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The Growth of Cities
• 1850 – only 6 cities with a population over 100,000
• 1870 – 14 cities
• 1900 – more than 35 cities
• African Americans began moving north in the 1890s to seek better econ. opportunities
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Cities grew b/c of….
1. Natural increase – 21%
2. Annexation (politically adding land to the city) – 8%
3. Immigration from rural areas – 30%
4. Urbanization – 41%
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• Walking city – all functions via walking– i.e. Pittsburgh 1860 49,000
1900 322,000
• by the 1890s, every large city looked like rings on a tree
Lower class
Upper/middle class
downtown
Rural area
Factories/warehouses
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Grid System – first seen in PhiladelphiaStreets @ 90°
What a GREAT city….don’t you agree???
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The Changing Look of the City
• Skyscrapers– Typical buildings in cities were only 5 stories tall
– Growing cities put strain on downtown space
– Louis Sullivan – architect credited w/ early skyscrapers in Chicago
– Availability of steel made this possible
– Elisha Otis – steam-powered elevators
– 1900 – tallest building in the US 435 ft tall Park Row Building in NYC
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Public Transportation
• City planners tried to ease congestion through mass transit (aka public transportation)
• 1888 – electric street car– By 1902 the US had a total of 22,000 miles of track
• 1897 – Boston has 1st subway system
• 1904 – NYC opens much larger subway
• Suburbs – residential neighborhoods outside the city– New mass transit allowed people to commute to the cities
– Primarily middle-class
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New Places for the Public
• 1857 – Frederick Olmsted designed NYC’s Central Park
• Public libraries became commonplace in most towns/cities– Andrew Carnegie
• Department stores – large retail shops that provided a variety of goods in one location– Designed to impress the public – window shopping
– Sears and Roebuck
– Wanamakers
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Urban Problems• Housing problems included overcrowding, sanitation, fire,
crime• African American groups emerged as a powerful force to
aid urban communities
Settlement Houses• Settlement houses – neighborhood centers in poor areas
– Offered education and social activities
• Hull House – most famous settlement house– founded by Jane Addams and Elle Starr (upper class women)– Focused on helping immigrant families (taught English and US
Gov’t to help immigrants become citizens)
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Chapter 7 Sec 3Society and Culture
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Mass Culture
• Leisure and cultural activities shared by large numbers of people– World’s Fairs
– Barnum and Bailey’s Circus
– Coney Island Amusement Park
Chicago Worlds Fair 1893
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The Rise of Sports• 1896 – first modern Olympic games
• 1876 – baseball has the first national professional sports league– Philadelphia Athletics
– New York Mutuals
– Chicago White Stockings
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The Rise of Sports (cont)
• Football became increasingly popular as a collegiate sport
• African Americans were excluded from playing in early leagues– Led to creation of Negro Leagues in the 1900s
• More Americans began exercising for fun and health– Boating, hiking, swimming, tennis, golf
• Late 1800s – first modern bicycle– Very popular with women
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Which would you rather ride???
OR
Nice outfit buddy!!!
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Late 1800s Marketing
• American Tobacco Company – introduced marketing techniques– Billboards, free samples/gifts
– By 1889, James B Duke spent $800,000 on marketing• Net earnings were only $400,000
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The Growth of Publishing• 1884 – linotype reduced time and cost of printing• By 1900, there were more than 2000 newspapers in the US• Late 1890s – Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst
began to use color printing
Popular American Literature• New printing methods made books more affordable• Samuel Clemens aka Mark Twain• Louisa May Alcott – Little Women
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Art• Realism – writing/artistic style that concentrated on
presenting accurate images of American society
• American artists painted real life using different types of imagery
• Mary Cassatt
• James McNeill Whistler
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Almost done….
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Just one more slide…..
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Here it comes…..
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A New Art Form
• In the 1880s, wet-plates in cameras were replaced by a more conventional type of camera film
• George Eastman created the box camera in 1888– His company Kodak sold cameras that people mailed back to get
developed• “You Press the Button—We Do the Rest.”