chapter 7 vitamins
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 7 Vitamins
Nutrition HO-15
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Vitamins
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Water Soluble – Vitamin C & B
Fat Soluble – Vitamin A, D, E & K
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Vitamins
.
• Dissolve in water• Easily absorbed and transported• Not stored in significant quantities• Rarely toxic from food sources
Water Soluble – Vitamin C & B
• Do not dissolve in water• Need fat to be absorbed• Stored extensively• Can reach toxic levels
Fat Soluble – Vitamin A, D, E & K
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Fat Soluble
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin K
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Vitamin A Functions
Vision
• body linings and skin• For growth of bones and teeth
Growth and maintenance
Immune defenses
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Vitamin A Deficiency
Vision - > night blindness
Growth and maintenance -> keratinization
Immune defenses - > decreased immunity
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Beta-carotene
Pigment in plants
Antioxidant
Precursor to Vitamin A
Converted to Vitamin A
Not absorbed at a high rate
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Retinol Activity Equivalent
Accounts for retinol (better absorbed/more active)
Accounts for provitamin A carotenoids (less absorbed/less active)
Differs from International Units (IU)
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Sources
• Animal foods: beef liver
Retinol: yellow fat soluble substance
• Plant sources: sweet potato, cantaloupe, red pepper
Provitamin A carotenoids
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Vitamin E Antioxidant: quenches free radicals
protects cellular
structures from oxidative
damage
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Role of Vitamin D in the body?
Regulation of blood calcium
Regulation of phosphorus
Raises blood calcium levels
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Vitamin D Deficiency
Softening of Bones
Rickets
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Vitamin D Deficiency
CVD CA Cognitive Asthma DM MS HTN
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Vitamin D Sources
Sunshine!
Seafood
Fortified milk
Egg yolk
Mushrooms
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Vitamin K
K1: Synthesis of blood clotting proteins
K2: Synthesis of bone proteins
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Vitamin K
Vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the intestines
Vitamin K is given at birth because the intestines are sterile.
The goal is to prevent bleeding in Vitamin K deficient newborns
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The Gatekeeper and the Traffic Cop
Vitamin D: Gatekeeper
Vitamin K: Traffic Cop
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Vitamin C
Maintenance of connective tissues• Formation of collagen
Cofactor in the production of carnitine
Antioxidant
Restores Vitamin E to it’s active form
Supports the immune system
Boosts Iron absorption
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Vitamin C Deficiency
Scurvy
Breakdown of connective tissue
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Vitamin C
Does not prevent colds
Vitamin C reduces histamine
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B-Vitamins
Work together
Part of coenzymes
Energy metabolism
New cell synthesis
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Thiamin deficiency results in what condition?
Beriberi (affects nerves)
Loss of sensation in hands and feet
muscular weakness
advancing paralysis
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What condition develops in Niacin deficiency?
Pellagra
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death
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Neural tube defects
Fortification of food is important - Most women don’t know they are pregnant for weeks
Folate Deficiency
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B12 Deficiency
Pernicious anemia
Malabsorption
Elderly
Vegans
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Who is at risk for Pernicious anemia?
Vitamin B12 is only found in animal sources
Elderly - most at risk
Strict Vegetarians
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THE END