chapter 8-1. chapter 8-2 chapter 8 internal control and cash accounting principles, eighth edition

Chapter 8-1

Chapter 8-2

CHAPTER CHAPTER 88

INTERNAL INTERNAL CONTROLCONTROLAND CASHAND CASH

Accounting Principles, Eighth Edition

Chapter 8-3

1. Define internal control.

2. Identify the principles of internal control.

3. Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.

4. Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash disbursements.

5. Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.

6. Indicate the control features of a bank account.

7. Prepare a bank reconciliation.

8. Explain the reporting of cash.

Study ObjectivesStudy ObjectivesStudy ObjectivesStudy Objectives

Chapter 8-4

Internal Internal

ControlControlInternal Internal

ControlControl

The Sarbanes-The Sarbanes-Oxley ActOxley Act

PrinciplesPrinciples

LimitationsLimitations

Cash Cash

ControlsControlsCash Cash

ControlsControlsUse of a BankUse of a BankUse of a BankUse of a Bank

Reporting Reporting

CashCashReporting Reporting

CashCash

Cash Cash equivalentsequivalents

Restricted Restricted cashcash

Compensating Compensating balancesbalances

Making Making depositsdeposits

Writing checksWriting checks

Bank Bank statementsstatements

Reconciling the Reconciling the bank accountbank account

Internal Control and CashInternal Control and CashInternal Control and CashInternal Control and Cash

Control over Control over cash receiptscash receipts

Control over Control over cash cash disbursementsdisbursements

Chapter 8-5

Methods and measures adopted to:

1. Safeguard assets.

2. Enhance accuracy and reliability of accounting records. Reduce risk of:

a. Errors (unintentional)

b. Irregularities (intentional)

Internal ControlInternal ControlInternal ControlInternal Control

LO 1 Define internal control.LO 1 Define internal control.

Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, all publicly traded U.S. corporations are required to maintain an adequate system of

internal control.

Chapter 8-6

Companies must

develop principles of control over financial reporting.

continually verify that controls are working.


LO 1 Define internal control.LO 1 Define internal control.

The Sarbanes-Oxley ActThe Sarbanes-Oxley Act

Independent auditors must attest to the level of internal control.

SOX created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB).

Chapter 8-7

Measures vary with

size and nature of the business.

management’s control philosophy.


LO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.LO 2 Identify the principles of internal control.

Principles of Internal ControlPrinciples of Internal Control Illustration 8-1

Chapter 8-8



Principles of Internal ControlPrinciples of Internal Control

ESTABLISHMENT OF RESPONSIBILITYESTABLISHMENT OF RESPONSIBILITY

Control is most effective when only one person is Control is most effective when only one person is responsible for a given task.responsible for a given task.

SEGREGATON OF DUTIESSEGREGATON OF DUTIES

Related duties, including physical custody and Related duties, including physical custody and record keeping, should be assigned to different record keeping, should be assigned to different individuals.individuals.

DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURESDOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES

Companies should use prenumbered documents for Companies should use prenumbered documents for all documents should be accounted for.all documents should be accounted for.

Chapter 8-9




PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND ELECTRONIC CONTROLS

Physical

Mechanical and

Electronic

Illustration 8-3

Chapter 8-10




INDEPENDENT INTERNAL VERIFICATION

1. Records periodically verified by an employee who is independent.

2. Discrepancies reported to management.

OTHER CONTROLS

1. Bond employees.

2. Rotate employees’ duties and require vacations.

3. Conduct background checks.

Chapter 8-11



Limitations of Internal ControlLimitations of Internal Control

Costs should not exceed benefit.

Human element.

Size of the business.

Chapter 8-12

Cash ControlsCash ControlsCash ControlsCash Controls

Internal Control over Cash Internal Control over Cash ReceiptsReceipts

LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash receipts.receipts.

Independent Internal

Verification

Supervisors count cash receipts daily; treasurer compares

total receipts to bank deposits daily

Establishment of Responsibility

Only designated personnel are

authorized to handle cash receipts

(cashiers)

Segregation of Duties

Different individuals receive cash, record cash receipts, and

hold the cash

Documentation Procedures

Use remittance advice (mail

receipts), cash register tapes, and

deposit slips

Physical, Mechanical, and

Electronic Controls

Store cash in safes and bank vaults; limit access to

storage areas; use cash registers

Other Controls

Bond personnel who handle cash; require employees to take

vacations; deposit all cash in bank daily

Illustration 8-5

Chapter 8-13

Q8-3. At the corner grocery store, all sales clerks make change out of one cash register drawer. Is this a violation of internal control? Why?

See notes page for discussion

Discussion QuestionDiscussion Question



Chapter 8-14


Cash consists of coins, currency, checks, money orders, and money on hand or on deposit in a bank.

Cash receipts come from:

cash sales

collections on account from customers

receipt of interest, rent, and dividends

investments by owners

bank loans

proceeds from the sale of noncurrent assetsLO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash LO 3 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash

receipts.receipts.

Chapter 8-15

Q8-8. The management of Sewell Company asks you, as the company accountant, to explain (a) the concept of reasonable assurance in internal control and (b) the importance of the human factor in internal control.





Chapter 8-16

Cashier ring up sales

Supervisor

1. reads register totals

2. makes cash counts

3. prepares cash count sheets

Over-the-Counter ReceiptsOver-the-Counter ReceiptsOver-the-Counter ReceiptsOver-the-Counter Receipts


Prepare daily summary

Prepare deposit slip

Cashier’s Department

Sales Department

Bank(deposit)

Treasurer(verification)

Accounting

(record)

Illustration 8-7

Chapter 8-17

Mail ReceiptsMail ReceiptsMail ReceiptsMail Receipts

Control Procedures:

Mail receipts should be opened by two people, a list prepared, and each check endorsed.

Copy of the list, along with the checks and remittance advices, sent to cashier’s department.

Cashier adds the checks to the over-the-counter receipts and prepares a daily cash summary and makes the daily bank deposit.

Copy of list sent to treasurer’s office for comparison with total shown on daily cash summary.


Chapter 8-18

Permitting only designated personnel to handle cash receipts

is an application of the principle of:

a. segregation of duties.

b. establishment of responsibility.

c. independent check.

d. other controls.

Review QuestionReview Question



Chapter 8-19

Generally, internal control over cash disbursements is more effective when companies pay by check, rather than by cash.

Applications:

Voucher system

Electronic funds transfers (EFT) system

Petty cash fund


LO 4 Explain the applications of internal LO 4 Explain the applications of internal control principles to cash control principles to cash disbursements.disbursements.

Internal Control over Cash Internal Control over Cash DisbursementsDisbursements

Chapter 8-20


Internal Control over Cash Internal Control over Cash DisbursementsDisbursements Independent

Internal Verification

Compare checks to invoices; reconcile

bank statement monthly

Establishment of Responsibility

Only designated personnel are

authorized to sign checks (treasurer)

Segregation of Duties

Different individuals approve and make payments; check

signers do not record disbursements

Documentation Procedures

Use prenumbered checks and account

for them in sequence; each

check must have an approved

invoice

Physical, Mechanical, and

Electronic Controls

Store blank checks in safes, with limited access; print check

amounts by machine in indelible ink

Other Controls

Stamp invoices

PAID


Illustration 8-8

Chapter 8-21

Q8-14. Joe Griswold Company’s internal controls over cash disbursements provide for the treasurer to sign checks imprinted by a checkwriting machine in indelible ink after comparing the check with the approved invoice. Identify the internal control principles that are present in these controls.





Chapter 8-22

The use of prenumbered checks in disbursing cash is an application of the principle of:

a. establishment of responsibility.

b. segregation of duties.

c. physical, mechanical, and electronic controls.

d. documentation procedures.




Chapter 8-23

Voucher System

Network of approvals, by authorized individuals, to ensure all disbursements by check are proper.

A voucher is an authorization form prepared for each expenditure.




Chapter 8-24

Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT)

Disbursement systems that uses wire, telephone, or computers to transfer cash balances between locations.




Chapter 8-25

Petty Cash Fund - Used to pay small amounts.

Involves:

1. establishing the fund,

2. making payments from the fund, and

3. replenishing the fund.



LO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.LO 5 Describe the operation of a petty cash fund.

Chapter 8-26

E8-8 Lincolnville Company uses an imprest petty cash system. The fund was established on March 1 with a balance of $100. During March the following petty cash receipts were found in the petty cash box.

March 5 Stamp inventory $39

March 7 Freight-out 21

March 9 Miscellaneous expense 6

March 11 Travel expense 24

March 14 Miscellaneous expense 5

The fund was replenished on March 15 when the fund contained $3 in cash. On March 20, the amount in the fund was increased to $150.

Instructions: Journalize the entries in March that pertain to the operation of the petty cash fund.



Chapter 8-27

E8-8E8-8 The fund was established on March 1 with a balance of $100.

Petty cash 100March 1

Cash100



Chapter 8-28

E8-8 E8-8 The fund was replenished on March 15 when the fund contained $3 in cash.

Postage expense 39March 15

Cash97



Freight-out 21

Miscellaneous expense 11

Travel expense 24

Cash over and short 2

Chapter 8-29

E8-8 E8-8 On March 20, the amount in the fund was increased to $150.



Petty cash 50March 20

Cash50

Chapter 8-30

Contributes to good internal control over cash.

Minimizes the amount of currency on hand.

Creates a double record of bank transactions.

Bank reconciliation.

Use of a BankUse of a BankUse of a BankUse of a Bank

LO 6 Indicate the control features of a bank account.LO 6 Indicate the control features of a bank account.

Chapter 8-31

Making Bank DepositsAuthorized employee should make deposit.



Bank Code

Numbers

Front Side Reverse Side

Illustration 8-10

Chapter 8-32

Writing ChecksWritten order signed by depositor directing bank to pay a specified sum of money to a designated recipient.



Maker

Payee

Illustration 8-11

Payer

Chapter 8-33

Bank Statements

Debit Memorandum

Bank service charge

NSF (not sufficient funds)



Illustration 8-12

Credit Memorandum

Collect notes receivable.

Interest earned.

Chapter 8-34

The control features of a bank account do not include:

a. having bank auditors verify the correctness of the bank balance per books.

b. minimizing the amount of cash that must be kept on hand.

c. providing a double record of all bank transactions.

d. safeguarding cash by using a bank as a depository.




Chapter 8-35

Reconciling the Bank Account


LO 7 Prepare a bank reconciliation.LO 7 Prepare a bank reconciliation.

Reconcile balance per books and balance per bank to their adjusted (corrected) cash balances.

Reconciling Items:

1. Deposits in transit.

2. Outstanding checks.

3. Errors.

4. Bank memoranda.

Chapter 8-36

Reconciliation Procedures



+ Deposit in Transit

- Outstanding Checks

+- Bank Errors

+ Notes collected by bank

- NSF (bounced) checks

- Check printing or other service charges

+- Book Errors

CORRECT BALANCE CORRECT BALANCE

Illustration 8-13

Chapter 8-37

E8-11E8-11 The following information pertains to Family Video Company.

1. Cash balance per bank, July 31, $7,263.

2. Cash balance per books, July 31, $7,284.

3. July bank service charge not recorded by the depositor $28.

4. Deposits in transit, July 31, $1,500.

5. Bank collected $900 note for Family in July, plus interest $36, less fee $20.The collection has not been recorded by Family, and no interest has been accrued.

6. Outstanding checks, July 31, $591.

Instructions

a) Prepare a bank reconciliation at July 31.

b) Journalize the adjusting entries at July 31 on the books of Family Video Company.



Chapter 8-38

E8-11 E8-11 a) Prepare a bank reconciliation at July 31.



Cash balance per bank statement $7,263

Add: Deposit in transit 1,500

Less: Outstanding checks (591)Adjusted cash balance per bank $8,172

Cash balance per books $7,284

Add: Collection of notes receivable 900

Collection of interest 36

Less: Bank service charge (28)

Note collection fee (20)

Adjusted cash balance per books $8,172

Chapter 8-39


July 31 Cash 28

Cash 916

Notes receivable 900

Interest revenue

36



E8-11 E8-11 b) Journalize the adjusting entries at July 31 on the books of Family Video Company.

Note: Note: Adjusting journal entry includes only the adjustments to the cash balance per books.

Dr. Cr.


July 31

Chapter 8-40

The reconciling item in a bank reconciliation that will result in an adjusting entry by the depositor is:

a. outstanding checks.

b. deposit in transit.

c. a bank error.

d. bank service charges.




Chapter 8-41

Which of the following statements correctly describes the reporting of cash?

a. Cash cannot be combined with cash equivalents.

b. Restricted cash funds may be combined with Cash.

c. Cash is listed first in the current assets section.

d. Restricted cash funds cannot be reported as a current asset.




Chapter 8-42

Q8-20. Lori Figgs is confused about the lack of agreement between the cash balance per books and the balance per the bank. Explain the causes for the lack of agreement to Lori, and give an example of each cause.


Recording ProcessRecording ProcessRecording ProcessRecording Process



Chapter 8-43

Reporting CashReporting CashReporting CashReporting Cash

LO 8 Explain the reporting of cash.LO 8 Explain the reporting of cash.

Most liquid asset, listed first in current assets section of balance sheet.

Cash equivalents

Restricted cash

Compensating balances

Illustration 8-16

Chapter 8-44

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chapter 8-1. chapter 8-2 chapter 8 internal control and cash accounting principles, eighth edition

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principles of control

level of internal control

cash controls internal

bank account internal

control features

cash receipts control

managements control

cash accounting principles