CHAPTER 8 and 9

Lecture bySabiha Saleem

• Possessive nouns or pronouns show that someone or something owns or possesses something else (another noun). They may also indicate a relationship between two nouns.

The Webmaster’s hours were long this week.Mr. Sanborn’s friend recommended the new software.

Possessive Nouns

• John and Jan’s house is brick.• Anndrea’s house is brick.• The dog’s bone is lost.• Hank’s leg is broken.• Trinna’s car is locked.• Chad’s dad and my dad are friends.

Possessive Singular Noun

PP 5-8

Form the possessive of a singular noun by adding an apostrophe and s (’s).

Jerome’s office is always locked.The manager’s recommendation was excellent.The Webmaster’s new icons are unique.

Possessive Plural Nouns

PP 5-9

Form the possessive of a plural noun that ends in s or es by adding only an apostrophe.

The customers’ suggestions improved our online order form.

Form the possessive of a plural noun that does not end in s by adding an apostrophe and s (’s).

Larry’s laptop computer has a DVD drive.The women programmers developed a women’s career Web page.

• You have learned how to form plural nouns and possessive nouns.

• Do not confuse possessive nouns with ordinary plural nouns.

• Most plural nouns end in s.• If a noun is possessive, you will find an

apostrophe (‘) before or after the s.

Forming Plural and Possessive Nouns

• Plural- add –s or –es – Two boys

• Singular Possessive- add –’s – The boy’s shoe.

• Plural Possessive– (ending in s, add –’) two boys’ shoes– (not ending in s, add ‘s) the mice’s teeth

Is the underlined word plural, singular possessive, or plural possessive.

• 1. six wolves• 2. wolf’s tail• 3. three boys• 4. two boys’ shoes• 5. one boy’s socks• 6. Gus’s pencil• 7. three Guses• 8. the Joneses’ dog• 9. the child’s shirts• 10. the children’s sneakers

Write the noun in parentheses in its correct plural, singular possessive, or plural possessive form.

• 11. Balloon_______ have become popular. (race)• 12. Several _______ are supporting this race. (airport)• 13. An area is reserved for _______. (spectator)• 14. One ______ son is in the race. (spectator)• 15. The occasion is a _______ delight. (photographer)• 16. Will all the ________ please climb aboard? (passenger)• 17. Many _______ cameras clicked rapidly. (photographer)• 18. All the _______ friends wave goodbye to them. (passenger)• 19. Soon they cannot hear their ______ voices. (friend)• 20. The balloons soar over one _______ house. (passenger)

Understood Possession

PP 5-15

Use an apostrophe and s (’s) or an apostrophe (’) to show possession of a noun that is understood but not stated.

Last year’s online sales were better than this year’s.Terry’s Web page received more visitors than Lorie’s.

Possessive Pronouns

• What are possessive pronouns?• They are pronouns which show ownership.• Possessive adjectives describe the noun.• Possessive pronouns take the place of the

noun.

Possessive Adjective v. Pronouns

• Adjective: My book is on the table• Pronoun: Mine is on the table.• Adjective: Your car is green.• Pronoun: Yours is green.• Adjective: Their house is the third house.• Pronoun: Theirs is the third house.

Possessive Pronouns

Adjective: Your book is on the table

Pronoun: Yours is on the table.

Singular Possessive Pronouns

• A possessive pronoun takes the place of a possessive noun.

• A possessive pronoun shows who or what owns something.

• My, your, his, and her are singular possessive pronouns.

Plural Possessive Pronouns

• A plural possessive pronoun shows who or what owns something.

• Its, our, your, and their are plural possessive pronouns.

Possessive Pronouns

• Singular Possessive• shows ownership of one person

• my• your• her• his

• Plural Possessive• shows ownership of more than one person

• its• our• your• their

Possessive Adjective

In English, we use possessive adjectives all the time, though we probably haven’t always known that they had a name. Examples of English possessive adjectives are:

My, your, his, her, our, and their

Possessive adjectives are used as adjectives and modify a noun or noun phrase. They are words used to indicate ownership or possession.Example:

This is my portfolio.What is your e-mail?

Possessive Adjectives

I have my notebook.You have your notebook.He has his notebook.She has her notebook.It has its notebook.We have our notebooks.You have your notebooks.They have their notebooks.

Exercise

1. She has hazel eyes. ____ eyes are hazel.a. Hisb. Our

c. Herd. Itse. My

2. I have a tricycle. It is ____ tricycle.

a. myb. herc. hisd. itse. our

3. That is his collection. ____ collection is big.

a. Ourb. Yourc. Herd. My

e. His

4. This is Nancy’s pen. It’s ____ pen.

a. ourb. myc. your

d. here. its

5. The lion has four legs. It walks with ____ legs.

a. myb. his

c. itsd. oure. your

Part II. Read each sentence carefully. Identify the possessive adjective and write it.

_____ 1. I recite in my school. _____ 2. The teacher doesn’t like her student._____ 3. Is that your dog?_____ 4. The dog has its food. _____ 5. This is their bed._____ 6. Maria is his cousin._____ 7. Is that our table?_____ 8. Juan has lost his keys._____ 9. Was your trip long?_____ 10. My wallet is missing.

Part III. Complete the following sentences using the possessive adjectives.

1. I have a baby. ____ name is Tony.2. The kitten has broken ____ leg.3. Lisa has beautiful jewels. ____ jewels are very expensive.4. The store has ____ cigarettes locked.5. We gave the boys ____ e-mails. 6. Noel has a coat. ____ coat is black.7. Leslie has a goddaughter. ____ name is Laurie Ann. 8. We have our girlfriends. They have ____ girlfriends.9. You have a photo album. ____ photo album is important.10. The Reverend has a bible in ____ hand.

your our his her their its my

Possessive adjectives are different from possessive pronouns. Notice the difference. Do not become confused.

Possessive Pronouns

mineyours

hishersits

ourstheirs

Possessive Adjectives

myyourhisheritsour

their

There are singular and plural possessive adjectives.

Singular

my yourhisherits

Plural

ouryourtheir

Example:This is my marker.

That is your portfolio.

The bike is his.

The cat has its home.

SINGULAR

This is our home.

Their singing is excellent.

PLURAL

Activity 2Read each sentence carefully. Write the possessive adjective

and decide if it’s used in singular or plural.

A. Singular B. Plural

_____ 1. Her name is Juana._____ 2. Their train is arriving late._____ 3. That is our house._____ 4. My mother is beautiful._____ 5. His brother is a plumber._____ 6. Is that your apartment?_____ 7. The river has its beauty.

Preposition• Preposition is a word, which is used before a

noun, a noun phrase or a pronoun , connecting it to another word.

Prepositions with special uses

Our modules are full of real life examples.

I ate a plate of rice and a quarter of milk.

Would you like a glass of lemon juice?

I need three pieces of paper. Most of the children in my class like

Education. There are several ways of cooking

rice.

Usage of OF

Chapter 9

Simple Future Tense

• There are two forms to express future tense• Will + simple form of the verb• Ex. I will see her at five.• Be + going to + simple form of the verb• Billy is going to sign up a deal next week.

Will you not arrive on time?Will they want dinner?

Subject Will Verb I will open the door.You will finish before me.He will not be at school tomorrow.

She will help you. It will be there tomorrow. They will not do their homework. We will not leave yet.

Form: Will

Note: When using the word not, always put it between the will and the verb.

The will always comes first when asking a question.

When to use the “will” form• Use “will” to express a voluntary action. – I will give you the phone number.– Will you help me with my homework?– The phone rings. “I will get it.”

• Use “will” when there is no plan.– We will see what happens.– I think I will go to gym tomorrow.

• Use “will” when making promises.– I will call you when I arrive.– I promise I will not tell anyone about the secret.– Do not worry. I will be careful.

Will

• Indicates promise, determination, volunteer action, prediction or inevitability for the future

• Helen’s money will disappear. (prediction)• We’ll need a bigger classroom.(inevitability)• I’ll spend your money carefully! (promise)• Karl will get an “A” in this class.(determination)

Questions

• Move the question word to the front of the yes/no question form.

• Will Vicki teach Business Communication next semester?

• When will Vicki Business Communication next semester?

Negatives

• Add not between will and the verb.• Vicki will not teach Business Communication

next semester.

• Will is used for polite requests and invitations• Yone, will you please close Google Talk?• Would and Could can also be used this way• Yone, would/could you please close Google

Talk?• We do not use Be Going to for polite requests.

• Shall (another form of will) is mainly used with I or We in the question form.

• Shall I end class early?• Shall we leave class at 11:00?• Very Formal

+

CONTRACTIONS WITH WILL3-3 FORMS WITH WILL

we + will you + will they + will

pronouns + willin speech & formal writing

I llwi

‘

+she llwi

‘

+ he llwi

‘

we’ll you’ll they’ll

nouns + will

usually only in speech

CONTRACTIONS

Bob + will = “Bob’ll”the doctor + will = “the doctor’ll”

3-3 FORMS WITH WILL

3-3 LET'S PRACTICE

______ get married in an hour.

CONTRACTION?

She’ll

she will

CONTRACTIONS

Bob + will not go = “Bob wont go”

3-3 FORMS WITH WILL