Chapter 8

Atom- the smallest particle of matter that has the properties of

that matter

boiling point- temperature where a liquid changes rapidly to a gas

Not all of them are the same. Some boiling points (in degrees Fahrenheit) are:water: 212tar: 572propane: -45ammonia: -28.1jet fuel: 325mercury: 675.1olive oil: 570

chemical property- ability of a material to change its chemical

makeupSome chemical properties are:Reactivity against other chemical substancesHeat of combustionEnthalpy of formationToxicityChemical stability in a given environmentFlammabilityPreferred oxidation state(s)Coordination number

The chemical property of materials helps us identify them. We know how things behave when we make them go through a change, such as burning. How they react when we change them is their chemical property. A chemical property of ammonia is that when you mix it with bleach, toxic fumes are made.

condensation- a change of state from a gas to a liquid as energy is

removedOf course it’s a part of the water cycle, but did you remember that it’s what makes the water on the outside of drinks?

conductivity- the ability to carry energy

Copper, silver, and aluminum are commonly used as conductors of electricity. Did you know gold was a good conductor, too? That’s why it’s not a good idea for this person to smile in an electrical storm.

density- a measure of the mass per unit volume of a substance

Density is not the same as mass or volume. These two liter bottles have the same volume. Now fill one with soda and one with gold. The gold one would weigh way more because gold is more dense than the soda. The soda would weigh about five pounds. The gold one would weigh about 100 pounds. It means there are more gold atoms packed tighter together than the soda atoms.

Density is a comparison of how much it weighs to how much space it takes up.

deposition- the change of state from a gas to a solid

Frost forming on plants and windows is a good example. It goes from water vapor to ice without going to liquid.

evaporation- gradual vaporization that takes place at the surface of a

liquid(going slowly from liquid to gas)

Transpiration is the process of evaporation in plants.

matter- anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)

On the left are examples of things made of matter. We have to remember that those things are made up of these elements, though. All are examples of matter.

melting- change of state from a solid to a liquid as energy is added

melting point- temperature at which a substance changes from

solid to liquid

The melting points of different solids vary greatly. Carbon’s melting point is about 6381 degrees Fahrenheit. Iron’s point is about 2800. Tin’s point is about 450. (Butter, a sort of mixture, has a point of about 90.)

molecule- two or more atoms joined by chemical bonds

Here are two different views of a water molecule.

physical property- a characteristic of matter that can be observed without changing matter into

something new

•absorption•albedo•area•brittleness•boiling point•capacitance•color•concentration•density•dielectric•ductility•distribution•efficacy

•electric charge•electrical conductivity•electrical impedance•electric field•electric potential•emission•flexibility•flow rate•fluidity•frequency•inductance•Intrinsic impedance•intensity•irradiance•length

•location•luminance•luster•malleability•magnetic field•magnetic flux•mass•melting point•moment•momentum•permeability•permittivity•pressure

•radiance•solubility•specific heat•resistivity•reflectivity•spin•strength•temperature•tension•thermal conductivity•velocity•viscosity•volume•wave impedance

Here is a list of physical properties. You’re right; I don’t know what many of these are.

solubility- measure of how much of one substance can dissolve in

anotherBob found out the hard way that the solubility of a Twinkie is too low to make that Twinkiejuice drink he wanted so desperately to make. After a few days it dissolved- sort of. Either way, he should stick to Kool-Aid. It’s solubility is much better.

states of matter- a physical form that matter takes; solid, liquid, and

gas are the most commonSo which state is:ice?

So which state is:soda?

So which state is:the helium in a balloon?

So which state is:Jello?

solid

gas

liquid

Trick question! It’s two: a solid inside a liquid!

sublimation- the change of state from a solid to a gas

Matter usually goes from solid to liquid to gas when energy is applied to it. Some solids can go from solid to gas without the liquid stage. A good example would be dry ice (carbon dioxide).

thermal expansion- increase in size due to increase in temperature

Thermal expansion is why we make sidewalks with little gaps between each piece. If there are no gaps, then the sidewalk expands when it gets really hot and cracks.

vaporization- change of state from a liquid to a gas

Evaporation is vaporization, but only on the surface of the liquid. Boiling is fast vaporization. The heat energy makes more than just the surface molecules vaporize. Much more of the liquid is turning to gas.

Microscopic water droplets suspended in the air above a hot tea cup after that water vapor has sufficiently cooled and condensed. Water vapor behaves like a gas and is, thus, invisible, but the clouds of condensed water droplets refract and diffuse the sun light and so are visible.

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means the ability to carry

energy?

conductivity

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means the smallest particle of

matter that has the properties of that matter?

atom

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means anything that has mass

and takes up space?

matter

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means temperature at which a

liquid rapidly changes to gas?

boiling point

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means change of state from

solid to liquid?

melting

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means a characteristic of

matter only observable when it is changed into something new?

chemical property

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means a measure of the mass per volume of a substance (how heavy vs.

how much space it takes up)?

density

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means a change of state from

gas to liquid?

condensation

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means the change of state from

a gas to a solid?

deposition

Quiz Time!atom, boiling point, chemical property,

condensation, conductivity, density, deposition, evaporation, matter,

meltingWhich word means slow vaporization on the

surface of a liquid?

evaporation

Quiz Time!melting point, molecule, physical

property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion,

vaporizationWhich word means two or more atoms

joined by chemical bonds?

molecule

Quiz Time!melting point, molecule, physical

property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion,

vaporizationWhich word means increase in size due to

increase in temperature?

thermal expansion

Quiz Time!melting point, molecule, physical

property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion,

vaporizationWhich word means the temperature where

solid turns into liquid?

melting point

Quiz Time!melting point, molecule, physical

property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion,

vaporizationWhich word means the change of state from

a solid to a gas?

sublimation

Quiz Time!melting point, molecule, physical

property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion,

vaporizationWhich word means a physical form that

matter takes?

states of matter

Quiz Time!melting point, molecule, physical

property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion,

vaporizationWhich word means it can be observed

without changing the matter into something new?

physical property

Quiz Time!melting point, molecule, physical

property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion,

vaporizationWhich word means a change of state from

liquid to gas?

vaporization

Quiz Time!melting point, molecule, physical

property, solubility, states of matter, sublimation, thermal expansion,

vaporizationWhich word means how much of one

substance can dissolve in another?

solubility