chapter 8 atoms and periodic properties. 2 revised homework for chap 8 read p 203 – 215, 218 –...
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![Page 1: Chapter 8 Atoms and Periodic Properties. 2 Revised Homework for Chap 8 Read p 203 – 215, 218 – 225 (omit Wave Mechanics, The Quantum Mechanics Model,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062516/56649d5d5503460f94a3b960/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 8Chapter 8
Atoms andAtoms andPeriodic PropertiesPeriodic Properties
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Revised Homework for Chap 8Revised Homework for Chap 8
Read p 203 – 215, 218 – 225
(omit Wave Mechanics,
The Quantum Mechanics Model, and
Electron Configuration)
Applying the Concepts # 1 – 17, 23 - 30
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3
Line Emission Spectrum of Hydrogen Atoms
Atomic Emission Spectrum (Line spectrum)
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47.3
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5
Chemistry in Action: Element from the Sun
In 1868, Pierre Janssen detected a new dark line in the solar emission spectrum that did not match known emission lines
In 1895, William Ramsey discovered helium in a mineral of uranium (from alpha decay).
Mystery element was named Helium
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1. e- can only have specific (quantized) energy values
2. light is emitted as e- moves from one energy level to a lower energy level
Bohr’s Model of the Atom (1913)
En = E1
n2
n (quantum number) = 1,2,3,…
7.3
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E = hf
E = hf
7.3
R O Y G B I V
LowLowenergy,energy,
lowlowfrequencyfrequency
HighHighenergy,energy,
highhighfrequencyfrequency
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88
Why is e- energy quantized?
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Standing or stationary wavesStanding or stationary waves
Fig. 5.22Fig. 5.22
nodes nodes
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De Broglie (1923) reasoned that e- is both a particle and a matter wave!
v = velocity of e-
m = mass of e-
Why is e- energy quantized?
mvh
λ
allowed
matter
wave
forbidden
matter
waveAny moving object
has matter wave properties
Fig 8.13
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What is the de Broglie wavelength (in m) associated with an 90 kg chemistry professor and his bike riding at 15 m/s?
Impossibly too small to measure!
mvh
λ
m/s) (15 kg) (90sJ 10 x 6.63
λ-34
m 10 x 4.9λ 37
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128.2
Classification of the ElementsFig 8.19
Representative elements
Alk
ali m
eta
lsA
lkali m
eta
lsA
lkalin
e e
art
h m
eta
lsA
lkalin
e e
art
h m
eta
ls
Transition metalsTransition metals
Halo
gen
sH
alo
gen
s
Nob
le g
ases
Nob
le g
ases
Metals Nonmetals
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Chemistry in Action: Discovery of the Noble Gases
Sir William Ramsay
18941868 18981898 1898
sun
new inactive
hidden
stranger
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Physical properties of metalsPhysical properties of metals
• high lusterhigh luster
• electrical and thermal conductivityelectrical and thermal conductivity
• malleabilitymalleability
• ductilityductility
Physical properties of nonmetalsPhysical properties of nonmetals
• dull appearancedull appearance
• poor conductorspoor conductors
• brittlebrittle
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Fig 8.20 Electron dot notation for representative
elements
Dots represent electrons inoutermost shell
1
5 6 7
8
3 42
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Fig 8.21 Location of metals, nonmetals, and
semiconductors
Metal atoms lose one or more electrons
Nonmetal atoms gain one or more electrons
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Fig 8.22(A) Metals lose outer electrons
Fig 8.22(B) Nonmetals gain outer electrons