Chapter 8 Chapter 8 Special SensesSpecial Senses: ….No Not ESP: ….No Not ESP

Lecture 1: Eyes Lecture 1: Eyes and Ears and Ears

Disclaimer: Included in this presentation are pictures and or images you will not find in your book, make note of the information and move on. Working smarter is not working harder.

I’m so excited, I may need a diaper.

This lecture was brought to This lecture was brought to you today by our sponsors.you today by our sponsors.

Humans against Humans Humans against Humans that use Snuggiesthat use Snuggies

The Cougar Snuggie

The Thishasgonewaaytoofar Snuggie

Did you know?Did you know?

Red EyeRed Eye is caused from the flash from cameras reflect off of the layer of blood vessels between the retina and sclera (whites) of the eyes or demonic possessionor demonic possession.

All newborn babies have Blue eyesAll newborn babies have Blue eyes

When a baby is a few months old, the the melaninmelanin (the lovely stuff in our skin that gives (the lovely stuff in our skin that gives you that golden cancerous tan)you that golden cancerous tan) shifts to the iris surface, giving a baby its permanent eye color.

Did you know?Did you know?

20/20 Vision20/20 Vision means the eye can see clearly at 20 feet what a normal eye can see at that distance

*So if you have 20/15 Vision like me your able to see all *So if you have 20/15 Vision like me your able to see all

the evil around you and punish it without mercy.the evil around you and punish it without mercy.

On the average, the human eye blinksthe human eye blinks once every five seconds (12 per minute), or 17,000 times a day, or 6.25 million times a year

Unless your dead

Snuggies…Snuggies…

Did you know?Did you know?Vision is learnedVision is learned and continues to develop from birth on into adulthood.

Meaning you can LITERALLY “Learn to SEE things differently”

Woman Woman blink nearly twice as much as men.(This is how they can see us lying)

Pirates Pirates wore gold earrings because they believed it improved their eyesight.

The eye of a human can distinguish 500500 shades of the gray.

Eyes: Anatomy Eyes: Anatomy Outside Outside In In

Eye lids: Protect the Protect the eyes from dirt, UV light, eyes from dirt, UV light, the color purple and the color purple and images of Barney the images of Barney the Androgynous DinosaurAndrogynous Dinosaur

Eye lashes: Created Created to sweep away dirt to sweep away dirt from the outer eye areafrom the outer eye area

Lacrimal glands: Create TEARSCreate TEARS

TEARS: contain contain Lysozyme which Lysozyme which contains enzymes contains enzymes which destroy bacteria which destroy bacteria and lubricant the eye.and lubricant the eye.

Eyes: Anatomy Eyes: Anatomy Outside Outside In In

Make Note of these Structures

The Eye Muscles The Eye Muscles The EASIEST way to know the nerves that control them are: know the ones that are NOT controlled by the know the ones that are NOT controlled by the Oculomotor [Cranial Nerve 3] Oculomotor [Cranial Nerve 3]

Lateral Rectus:Lateral Rectus: Cranial Nerve VI (6 for those of you not Roman)

Superior Oblique:Superior Oblique: Cranial Nerve IV (4 for those of you not Roman)

Cranial Nerve III Controls: the RestCranial Nerve III Controls: the Rest

Medial, Superior, Inferior Rectus’s

& Inferior Oblique

Did you know?Did you know?The Human Eye is about the size of a

Ping Pong Ball?

The Human Eye can be popped out with a blunt force trauma to the back of the head?

I’ve seen it first hand. When you see “Stars” happens when tiny pieces of the eye's gel-like vitreousvitreous break loose within the inner back portion of the eye

And seriously…the Eye tastes like chewy jello with no real flavor?

Don’t ask…

The Eye: InsideThe Eye: Inside

If Sliced we see just like a Cadbury Egg the Eye has a lovely gooey center…2 in fact! ~Tasty~

Make Note of these Structures

Eyes: Anatomy Eyes: Anatomy Outside Outside In In

The cornea:The cornea: a transparent dome, sits in front of the colored part of the eye. Helps the eye focus as light makes its way through.

This is what is shavedshaved during laser eye surgery.

The pupil:The pupil: is the black circle in the center of the iris, which is really an opening in the iris, and it lets light enter the eye.

The Iris:The Iris: is the colorful part of the eye. Has muscles attached to it that change its shape. This controls how much light goes through the pupil

The Eye: The Breakdown The Eye: The Breakdown The outer layer of the eye is made up of 3 layers called: TunicsTunics

Outside Outside In In

ScleraSclera aka “The Whites of “The Whites of Their Eyes”:Their Eyes”: The white thick coat made of connective tissue

ChoroidChoroid: The blood vessel containing layer.

Also has a dark color that stops light from scattering inside the Eye.

Retina:Retina: delicate and contains the receptors we know as “rods and cones”. We should talk more about this…

Rods and Cones? Rods and Cones? Found in the Retina are photoreceptors:

They collect light They collect light

Rods:Rods: see in black, white, and shades of gray and tell us the form or shape that something has.

Did you know youryour night vision is in black and white? This is why.

This is from the dashboard of a BMWThis is from the dashboard of a BMW: a NEW FEATURE (The future is interesting)

Soon to be “Roadkill”

Rods and Cones? Rods and Cones?

Cones:Cones: see COLORCOLOR and they need more light than rods to work well.

There are 3 types of cones.There are 3 types of cones.

— red, green, & blue —

Together, these cones can sense combinations of light waves that enable our eyes to see millions of colors.

Seriously? If the world looks like THISTHIS at any point in your life?

Seek HelpSeek Help

Feeding the BrainFeeding the BrainRod & Cones give us image and color but it must GOGO somewhere?!?!?!

But where?

The Optic Nerve [Cranial Nerve 2]The Optic Nerve [Cranial Nerve 2]

But where does that image get processed?

The Brain: Specifically

The Occipital Lobe The Occipital Lobe

I’m so glad you asked!I’m so glad you asked!

I’m so glad you asked!I’m so glad you asked!

Cow + Hammer?Cow + Hammer?

Feeding the BrainFeeding the BrainJust like a Movie projector? The image is projected from the Eyes Optic Nerve Occipital lobe

The image we 1st get is UPSIDE DOWN!!!

Our Brain does the dirty work of turning it RIGHT SIDE UP.

……simple right?simple right?

Tell “Crazy Lady Story”Tell “Crazy Lady Story”

I wish….I wish….

Ok so for next time?Ok so for next time?Hearing ~Easy~Hearing ~Easy~

Oh and we dissect an actual Oh and we dissect an actual EYEEYE

Lets go do a lab cause I’m sick of talking…