chapter 8 operating systems & utilities chapter 8 objectives

1

CHAPTER 8

OPERATING SYSTEMS & UTILITIES

Chapter 8 Objectives

Identify the types of system softwareIdentify the types of system software

Describe the functions of anoperating system

Describe the functions of anoperating system

Discuss ways that some operatingsystems help administrators control a

network and administer security

Discuss ways that some operatingsystems help administrators control a

network and administer security

Explain the purpose of the utilitiesincluded with most operating systemsExplain the purpose of the utilitiesincluded with most operating systems

Linux, Unix, MAC operating systemsLinux, Unix, MAC operating systems

Identify various network operatingsystems

Identify various network operatingsystems

Identify devices that use several

embedded operating systems

Identify devices that use several

embedded operating systems

Explain the purpose of various

utility programs

Explain the purpose of various

utility programs

Next

A brief look at the new Windows Operating SystemWindows 2008 (Vista)

A brief look at the new Windows Operating SystemWindows 2008 (Vista)

2

System Software (OS & Utilities)

What is system software?

Nextp. 8.02

Operating system (OS)Operating system (OS)(sometimes called the(sometimes called the platformplatform))

coordinates all activitiescoordinates all activitiesamong computeramong computer

hardwarehardwareresourcesresources

Programs thatPrograms thatcontrol operationcontrol operation

of computerof computer

Two types areTwo types areoperating systemsoperating systems

and utility programsand utility programs

Operating Systems ( functions)

What are the functions of an operating system?

Nextp. 8.02 Fig. 8-1

monitorperformance

provide a user interface

provide filemanagement andother utilities

establish anInternet connection

control anetwork

administersecurity

start the computer manage programs

schedule jobs andconfigure devices

managememory

3

Operating Systems (Cross-platform apps)

What is a cross-platform application? (WordPerfect 14)

Nextp. 8.03

Operating System/Platform A

Operating System/Platform B

Operating System/Platform C

Operating System/Platform D

Application

Runs identically on multiple operating systems Operating system that computer uses is sometimes

called the platform

Operating Systems

Where is the operating system located?Resides on computer’s hard

disk in most casesMay reside on a ROM chip on

handheld computers

p.8.3

Next

Various operating systemsoften are not compatible

(Apple MACs vs PCs)

Some types ofcomputers may have

different operatingsystems

Different sizes ofcomputers typically

use differentoperating systems

4

Windows OS Users

Windows Vista 180 million copies sold (June 2008)Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1) [released in March 2008]Windows XP 335 million usersWindows 2000 100 million usersWindows (older versions) 15 million usersWindows 7 due out late 2009 (with touch screen

technology)Worldwide: 800 million users of Windows OS

Source: Washington Post, Page D-1, Nov 29, 2007

New CEO at Microsoft (as of July 1,2008)

Microsoft’s Ray Ozzie replaced Bill Gates as the leadman and chief software architect at Microsoft. Ozzieinvented Lotus Notes and Grove before selling it toMicrosoft for $120 million and he plans to leadMicrosoft into the online-services era which he calls“A time of great turbulence and potential change in the

industry.”

Source: Network World, Page 1, June 23,2008

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Windows Key Improvements

Windows Vista

Greater security, revised user interface

Improved file search

Windows XP

Better hardware/software capabilities

Better wireless networking

Windows 2000

Greater reliability

Better tools for large network administration

Source: Washington Post, Page D-1, Nov 29, 2006

Windows Vista Requirements

A Windows Vista Premium Ready PC includes at least:1 GHz 32-bit (x86) or 64-bit (x64) processor.1 GB of system memory.40 GB of hard drive capacity with 15 GB free space.DVD-ROM Drive.Audio output capability.Internet access capability

6

Operating Systems (Cold & Warm boots)

What is booting?


Cold bootTurning computeron after it hasbeen powered off

Warm bootRestartingcomputer that ispowered on

Ctrl-Alt-Delete

Or Press ResetButton

Warm boot from Windowsdesktop

Warm boot from system unit

Process of starting or restarting a computer

Operating System (Win XP Task Manager)

Using the Task Manager in Windows XP Press Ctrl-Alt-Delete buttons Press Task Manager button From the list, select a task to End or Switch to You may also Create a New task (under the File

tab in the Task Manager window)

7

Operating System Functions (Booting)

How does a personal computer boot up?


Step 1. Power supplysends signal to com-ponents in system unit

Step 4. Results of POST arecompared with data in CMOS chip

Step 2. Processoraccesses BIOS to startcomputer

Step 3. BIOS runs tests,called the POST, tocheck components suchas mouse, keyboard,and adapter cards

Step 5. BIOS looks for system filesin floppy disk drive and then harddisk

Step 6. Kernel (core) of operatingsystem loads into RAM

Step 7. Operating system in memorytakes control of computer

Step 8. Operating system loadsconfiguration information anddisplays desktop on screen

Step 9. Operating system executesprograms in StartUp folder

Step 10. Click Start to display list ofapplications you can run

Memory resident• Remains in memory

while the computer isrunning

• The kernel ismemory resident

Operating System Functions

What is the kernel?The core of an operating system

Manages memory and devices Maintains the computers clocks Starts applications Assigns the computers resources, such

as devices, programs, data, andinformation

Each time you boot a computer, the kerneland other frequently used operatingsystem instructions are loaded Loading a file means the file is copied

from the hard disk to the computer'smemory

p.8. 4

Next

Nonresident• Instructions remain on

the hard disk untilthey are needed

• Other parts of theoperating system arenonresident

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Step 7


p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

Registry

Several files that containthe system configuration

information

Registry is constantlyaccessed during thecomputer's operation

Regedit Editor

StartUp folder

Contains a list of programsthat open automatically

when you boot the computer

Managing Startup Programs Menu

You may use: MsConfigClick Start, click Run, Type in MsConfig, click OK,Click the Startup tab.Carefully uncheck the programs you do not want toload at system startup time.

9

Operating System Functions ( GU I )

What is a (graphical )user interface?


command-line interface (DOS)

Controls how you enter data and instructions and howinformation displays on screen

Types: Command-Line, Menu-Driven, GUI

Operating System Functions (GUI)

What is a graphical userinterface (GUI)?


User interacts withmenus and visualimages such as iconsand buttons

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Foreground containsapplication you are using

Background containsprograms that arerunning but are notin use


What is single user/multitasking?


Working on two ormore programs thatreside in memory atsame time

multipleprogramsrunning

all runningprocesses

Has duplicatecomponents such asprocessors, memory,

and disk drives

Enables two ormore users torun programssimultaneously

Continues tooperate when oneof its components

fails


What are other program management features ofoperating systems?

Nextp. 8.10

Can support twoor more processorsrunning programs

at same time

FaultFault--tolerant computerstolerant computersTandem NonStop (HP)Tandem NonStop (HP)

MultiuserMultiuser

MultiprocessingMultiprocessing

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What is memory management?


Step 1. Theoperating systemtransfers the leastrecently used dataand programinstructions to diskbecause memory isneeded for otherfunctions.

Step 2. Theoperating systemtransfers data andprogram instructionsfrom disk tomemory when theyare needed.

Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is

allocated to function as RAM


What are some virtual memory terms?

p.8.10

Next

Swap file

The area of thehard disk used

for virtualmemory

Paging

The technique ofswapping items

between memoryand storage

Thrashing

When an operatingsystem spends much

of its time paging,instead of executingapplication software

Page (64KB)

The amount ofdata and programinstructions that

can swap at agiven time

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How does an operating system schedule jobs?

Nextp. 8.11

Transferring itemsTransferring itemsbetween storagebetween storage

and memoryand memory

SendingSendinginformationinformation

to output deviceto output device

ProcessingProcessinginstructionsinstructions

Receiving dataReceiving datafrom input devicefrom input device

The OS adjusts schedulebased ona job’s priority

AA jobjob is an operationis an operationthe processor managesthe processor manages

OS tasks to be performed:


What is spooling?

Nextp. 8.11 Fig. 8-10

Sending print jobs to a memory or diskbuffer instead of directly to printer

Print jobs line up in a memory or diskqueue

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What is a device driver?

Nextp. 8.12

DeviceDeviceDriverDriver

Program thatProgram thattells operating systemtells operating systemhow to communicatehow to communicate

with devicewith device

WithWith Plug and PlayPlug and Play,,operating systemoperating system

automatically configuresautomatically configuresnew devices as younew devices as you

install theminstall themAlso calledAlso called driverdriver


What is a device driver?

p.8.11

Next

Click to view Web Linkthen click Device Drivers

device driver

A small program that tells the operating system how to communicate with adevice

Also called a driver

Each device on a computer requires itsown specific driver

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How do you install a device driver?

Nextp. 8.12 Fig. 8-11

Step 1. Open ControlPanel window. Point toPrinters and OtherHardware link.

Step 2. Click Printers andOther Hardware link. Pointto Add a printer link.

Step 3. Click Add aprinter link. Followon-screen instructions.

Step 4. Add PrinterWizard searches forPlug and Play printerson your computer. If itfinds any such printers,it installs them.

Step 5. If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug andPlay printers, you can select type of printer you want toinstall. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppydisk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessarydriver files to complete the installation of printer.


What is Plug and Play? (PnP)

The computer can recognize a new device an assist you in its installation byloading the necessary drivers automatically and checking for conflicts withother devices (First appeared with Windows 95)

Supported by mostdevices and operatingsystems today

p.8. 13

Next

Click to view Web Linkthen click Plug and Play

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Operating System Functions IRQs

What is an interrupt request ((IRQ)?A communications line between a device and the processorsMost PCs have at least 16 IRQs for the ISA bus, numbered 0

through 15 and more for the PCI bus

p.8. 13Fig. 8-12

Next

IRQs areassignedduringinstallation

Interrupt Assignments in Windows XP

(1) Right-click My Computer(2) Click Manage(3) Click Device Manager(4) Click View menu(5) Click Resources by Connection

(6) Click on Interrupt Request (IRQ)to view the IRQ assignments

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IRQ Assignments (Windows XP)


How do you establish an Internet connection?

Nextp. 8.13 Fig. 8-12

Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard Guides user through setting up connection between

computer and Internet

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How does an operating system monitor performance?

Nextp. 8.14 Fig. 8-13

Provides program, called performance monitor,that assesses and reports information aboutsystem resourcesand devices

Ctrl-Alt-Delto invoke theTask ManagerClick Performancetab


What is a network operating system?

Nextp. 8.14 Fig. 8-14

Allows users to share printer, Internetaccess, files, and programs on a network

Administers securityby establishing username and password foreach user

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Utility Programs

What is a utility program?

Nextp. 8.15 Fig. 8-15

System software that performs maintenance-typetasks

Also called autility

Norton System Works

Operating System Utility Programs

What is a file manager? (Windows Explorer)

Nextp. 8.16 Figs. 8-16–8-17

Performs functions such as copying, renaming,deleting, and moving files

Image viewerdisplays contentsof graphics filewhen you doubleclick on it

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What is an uninstaller program?

Nextp. 8.17

In Windows XP,In Windows XP,uninstaller is in Add/Removeuninstaller is in Add/Remove

Programs in Control PanelPrograms in Control Panel

Removes aRemoves aprogram andprogram and

all associated filesall associated files

Try a good freeware uninstaller: www.zsoft.dk if Windows cannot do it


ScanDisk & Disk Cleanup & Disk Defragmenter

Nextp. 8.17 Fig. 8-18

ScanDisk: Detects and correctsproblems on hard disks or floppydisks. (Windows 98/Me)

Disk Cleanup: Searches for andremoves unnecessary files

Disk Defragmenter putscontiguous sectors together

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Operating System Utility (Disk Defrag)

What is a Disk Defragmenter ?

Nextp. 8.17 Fig. 8-19

file before defragmentingfragmented diskfile afterdefragmenting

Reorganizes files and unused space intocontiguous sectors on hard disk so programsrun faster.

Automatic Disk Defragmentation Utility

Diskeeper: Set it and forget it defrag scheduling Visit: http://www.diskeeper.com

21


What is a diagnostic utility?

Nextp. 8.18 Fig. 8-20

Compiles technical informationabout hardware and somesoftware

Prepares report outlining potentialsystem problems

Example: Dr. Watson Located under Accessories,

System Tools, System Information,Tools


What is a backup utility?

Nextp. 415 Fig. 8-20

Copies selected files or entire hard disk ontoanother storage medium

Most compress filesduring backup torequire less storagespace

Look in System Tools inWindows XP

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Utility Programs: File Compression

What is a file compression utility?

Nextp. 8.29 Fig. 8-39

Shrinks size of files to free up roomand improve performance

Compressed files are sometimes calledzipped files

Two popular utilities:PKZIPTM and WinZip®

Visit www.WinZip.com Visit www.pkware.com

Another one: Gzip (.tgz file extension) Visit: http://www.gzip.org/


What is a screen saver? (not needed for LCDs)

Nextp. 8.18 Fig. 8-22

Causes monitor’s screen to display movingimage or blank screen if there is no activityfor a specified time. Prevents ghosting orburn-in on back of phosphor screen

To secure computer;The user configuresscreen saver to requirepassword todeactivate the screensaver.

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Device-dependent

Runs only on specifictype of computer

Types of Operating Systems

Characteristics of operating systems software

Nextp. 8.19

Downwardcompatible

Works with applicationsoftware written for

earlier version ofoperating system

Upwardcompatible

Runs on new versions ofoperating system

Proprietarysoftware

Privately owned andlimited to specific vendor

or computer model

Device-independent

Runs on manymanufacturers’

computers

Stand Alone


What are three categories of operating systems?

Nextp. 8.19

EmbeddedEmbedded NetworkNetwork

24


What are three categoriesof operating systems?

Network

Embedded

Stand alone

p.8.17 Fig. 8-18

Next

Others not on slide:

Windows XP with SP2

Windows Server 2003Windows Server 2008

Operating Systems

What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?[ MS-DOS (Microsoft) and PC-DOS (for IBM) ]All opperating systems are based on UNIX

Nextp. 8.20

DD

Developed inDeveloped inearly the1980searly the1980s

for personalfor personalcomputerscomputers

OO

Used commandUsed command--linelineinterface when firstinterface when first

developed, laterdeveloped, laterincluded menusincluded menusSSHardly used todayHardly used today

because it doesbecause it doesnot offer a GUInot offer a GUI

25

commandsentered by

user

commandsentered by

user

Operating Systems DOS

What is DOS (Disk Operating System)?Refers to several single user operating systems developed in theearly 1980s for personal computersTwo more widely used versions were PC-DOS and MS-DOS, bothdeveloped by Microsoft

p.8.17

Next

Used acommand lineinterface andadded a menu-driven interfacein later versions

Various Versions of Windows

p. 417 Fig. 8-23

Windows Version Year Released

Windows 3.x 1990

Windows NT 3.1 1993

Windows 95 1995

Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996

Windows 98 1998

Windows Millennium Edition 2000

Windows 2000 Professional 2000

Windows XP 2001

Windows XP SP2 2004

Windows Vista

2007

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Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windowsoperating system before Vista

Windows XP

What is Windows XP?


5 Editions:Home Edition,Professional Edition,Tablet PC Edition,Media Center Edition,64-bit Edition (does notwork with 32-bitdrivers)

FAT32 orNTFS,Win FS

Windows Operating Systems

Features of most Windows operating systems

p.8.18

Next

ActiveDesktop™ Taskbar/toolbars

WindowsExplorer has aWeb browserlook and feel

increased speed

Tune-Up Wizard

UniversalSerial Bus

2.0

RegistryChecker

Hardwaresupport

Accessibility SettingsWizard

Multiple displaysupport

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Supported theUniversal Serial

Bus (USB)

Older Operating Systems: Windows 98

What are features of Windows 98?It is an upgrade from Windows 95

More integrated with the Internet

Included Internet Explorer, a popularWeb browser

A file manager, Windows Explorer,had a Web browser look and feel

An Active Desktop™ interfaceallowing icons and file names towork similar to Web links

p.8.18

Next

Support formultimedia

technologies suchas DVD and Web

TV ™

Older Operating Systems: Windows Me

An operating systemthat has featuresspecifically for thehome users

Also called WindowsMe

Included multimediafeatures; Win Me isan upgrade to Win 98

p.8.20 Fig. 8-21

Next

What is WindowsMe ?

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Windows 2000 Operating System

What is Windows 2000 Professional?Upgrade to the

Windows NT 4.0Workstationoperating system

Completemultitasking clientoperating systemthat has a GUI

NT 5.0 is reallyServer 2003

p.8.18 Fig. 8-19

Next

Click toview video

Windows XP Features

New Appearance and Performance

Network/user Administration

Help and Support

Communications and the Web

Firewall setup software

Windows XP (eXceptional Performance)Features

What are some features of Windows XP?

Nextp. 8.21

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A few Window XP Keyboard Commands

Minimize a window: Windows key + M key Minimize all windows: Windows key + D key Maximize a window: Alt + Space + x Minimize a window: Alt + Space + n Bookmark a Help topic: Shift + F10 keys Display the Start menu: Ctrl + Esc keys Close a number of open windows: Alt + F4 Windows Security: Ctrl + Alt + Del Change passwords (on a networked PC):

Ctrl – Alt – Esc & Click “Change Password” tab Task Manager: Shift + Ctrl + Esc

WindowsXP File Association Settings

In Windows XP, click Start, Settings, Control PanelClick Tools, Folder Options and click the File Typestab.Below Registered File Types, you will see a long list ofextensions like XLS and ZIP (at the end of the list)A file extension tells Windows what type of file it is.Scroll down the list and find the extension for the filetype you want to open with a different application.In the lower half of the Window, you will see the nameand icon of the associated application for the file type.

30

Successor to Windows XP, containing a newinterface and new / enhanced features

Windows Vista Operating System

What is Windows Vista?


Available in 8 editions,grouped into Homeand Businesscategories

http://www.hiptechblog.com/2006/02/20/its-official-8-different-flavors-of-windows-vista/

Windows Vista Features

Reliability and Performance

Security

Information Management

Appearance and Navigation

Communications and the Internet

Windows Vista Operating System

What are some features of Windows Vista?

Nextp. 419

31

Windows Server 2003 Family of Products

Windows Server 2003, Small Business Server for businesseswith less than 75 users.

Windows Server 2003, Standard Edition for small-to-medium-sized business networks.

Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition for medium andlarge sized business networks with e-commerce applications.

Windows Server 2003, Datacenter Edition for businesses withhuge volumes of transactions and large-scale databases.

Windows Server 2003, Web Services Edition for Web serverand Web hosting businesses.

Windows Server 2008

Faster and more secure !Released: Last week of February 2008For more information, visit:

http://www.microsoft.com/windowsserver/longhorn/evaluation/b2faq.mspx

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Operating Systems: Mac OS X

What is Mac OS X? (Mac OS X Leopard)

Nextp. 8.22 Fig. 8-28

Available only for computers manufacturedby Apple

Macintosh operatingsystem has been amodel for most GUIs

http://www.apple.com/macosx/leopard/

Operating Systems: UNIX

What is UNIX?

Nextp. 8.23 Fig. 8-30

Used by power users because of its flexibilityand power

Most versionsoffer GUI

Both astand-aloneand a networkoperating system

33

Operating Systems: UNIX

Developed in early 1970’s by AT&T’s Bell Labs Several versions of UNIX exist, each slightly

different. Some versions have a command-line interface, but

most offer a GUI. UNIX runs on all types of computers. UNIX is the basis for ALL operating systems

Common Unix Commands

Visit:

http://www.engr.ucr.edu/systems/unix.html

34

Operating Systems Linux

What is Linux?

Nextp. 8.24 Fig. 8-31

Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red HatLinux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shownin this example.

Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-typeoperating system

Open-source softwaree—code is available topublic

Both a stand-aloneand a networkoperating system

Red Hat Linux

http://www.redhat.com/docs/manuals/linux/RHL-9-Manual/getting-started-guide/

35

Embedded Operating Systems

What is Embedded Linux?


Scaled-down Linux operating systemdesigned for PDAs, smart phones,smart watches, set-top boxes,Internet telephones, and otherdevices

Offers many PIM functions PIM Personal Information Mgt http://www.linuxdevices.com/

Linux: Another Version: Ubuntu 7.10

What is Ubuntu Linux?


www.ubuntu.com (from South Africa) “oo-boon-tu” means “humanity toward others”

in South Africa’s Zulu an Xhosa languages) A few features: No charge to install or update it. Focus on simplicity Cannot run Windows programs Recognizes most external devices

(such as USB flash drives)

36


Some versions of Linux are command-line Some versions are GUI interfaces Commercial: Red Hat Linux software The two most popular GUIs for Linux are:

GNOME and KDE (Keyboard DesktopEnvironment)

Motorola Corp has created mobile phones runningthe Linux operating system


Linux is network-friendly: It is capable of acting asclient and/or server to any of the popular operatingsystems in use today. It is quite capable of being usedas an OS by Internet Service Providers (ISPs)

Linux is a multi-user system which has advantageseven for an OS where only one or two people will beusing it.

37


Linux is Open Source: that means that for the entirebase system, which includes the kernel, the GNU tools,and all the basic utilities. Programmers and users haveaccess to the source code as well as the right to modifyit.

Linux is Backwards-Compatible: has superbsupport for older hardware. In fact, it is ofteneasier to find hardware support for 80486-erahardware than the latest gizmos to hit the market.This is because the device driver software authorsneed time to write and test the drivers.

A Look at Linux Commands

Visit:http://www.linuxdevcenter.com/linux/cmd/

38

Linux versus Windows

What is Microsoft Windows?

The Microsoft Corporation began development of the Interface

Manager (later named Microsoft Windows) in the fall of 1981

Windows 1.0 was finally released to the market in 1985, promising

users an easy-to-use graphical interface for consumers.

Several others versions of Windows have been produced 2.0, 3.1, 3.11, 95, 98, ME – DOS Based (Layered-Based) NT, 2000, XP, 2003, Project Longhorn – NT Technology

(Kernel-Based)

39

Microsoft Windows - ProsUser-FriendlyGenerally Stable Windows 2000/XP are considered to be extremely stable and rarely crash. Home users can navigate Windows without fear of losing their work because they forgot to save.

Hardware Support No lack of shortage in hardware support. It is very difficult to think of any hardware that is not

supported in some way by Windows.Software Support Once again, there is an abundance of high-quality software designed specifically for Windows.

You don’t have to work hard to find what you are looking for.Windows Update If connected to an internet through an ISP, updates and patches are available to

download while you work. Just click ‘yes’, and Windows updates itself with latestfrom Microsoft.

Widely Used Among Consumers Facilitates communication between users.

If everyone is using the same operating system, everyone has a general idea as to what theother individual is trying to communicate.

Mobility is not an issue. Can take a file from one computer to another, and generally won’t have to worry if that

second computer is running Windows or not.

Microsoft Windows - ConsSoftware While there may be an abundance of high-powered software designed for Windows, they are rather

expensive. One must install separate software onto Windows for it to have any functionality. Windows without

accompanying software is just a “Naked System”Re-booting Part of the reason for the long installation Windows needs to be rebooted to change minor settings like its IP address, hardware drivers, software, or

swapfile size or any number of similar system settings

File System Operating Systems running under different file systems may or may not be able to view and access files in a

certain file system. FAT16, FAT32, NTFS

Graphical User Interface (GUI) GUI-only environment hinders the functionality of the operating system code. If some sort of functionality hasn't been coded explicitly by the author of a program, then this functionality is

simply not available. If you can’t click it, you can’t do it.

Viruses Vast majority of known viruses are for Windows ONLY Grave security holes in Microsoft Outlook and Explorer

Length of Installation Can take up to a couple hours to fully install just the Operating System Multiple Disks or separate drivers are required to install the OS

40

What is Linux?

Linux is a kernel-based operating system Meaning that the operating system runs within itself. The program

does not need to ‘piggy-back’ from another program to run.Originally created by Linus Torvalds of Finland in 1991 with the assistanceof developers around the world.Developed under the GNU General Public License, the source code for Linuxis freely available to everyone. Since the source code is available to anyone, there is no current official

Linux version as with Windows. There are simply many differentversions, called Linux Distributions, that are aimed towards differenttarget groups.

Each distribution differentiates itself from one another through theirpackaged software and their hardware platform.

Linux – ProsEase of InstallationSecurity Local Security

Many users can use the same PC, one of which controls everything with administrative powers Remote Security

Very difficult to hack into a Linux system from an outside source (Internet, Network)

File Systems Can handle a variety of different file systems

Perfectly handles reading and writing of Windows FAT32 partitions and it can read NTFS partitions(Windows XP default)

Can access, but not modify any files located on any Windows partition

Multi-User PlatformCustomization Very important for businesses. Since Linux is an open source program. Anyone can make changes to the

operating system to make it match their needs.

Server/Clients Linux is perfectly integrated to the internet and includes everything needed.

ServersFTP Server: Pureftp, ProftpMail Server: Sendmail, PostfixWeb Server: Apache

ClientsFTP Clients: gftp, lftpChat Clients: Kopete, Licq, PsiE-mail Clients: Kmail, Evolution

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Linux - ConsTime-Intensive A user accustomed to Windows can at first be a bit disoriented since the whole structure of the

system is different. Learning all the details about how a Linux system functions will take time and patience Noone should expect be able to harness the full power of Linux within the first few minutes of

playing around with the operating systemHardware Support Although it runs on a variety of different hardware architectures, support for bleeding edge

hardware can be problematic or its configuration trickySoftware/Games Very few major commercial games available for Linux Most software found in stores is designed for Windows only Additional software can be problematic to install due to the variety of distributions of Linux.

One piece of software that is installed on one computer may or may not be compatible with anothercomputer running a different distribution.

Network Operating Systems

What are examples of networkoperating systems?

Nextp. 8.25

NetWareNetWare

Designed forDesigned forclient/serverclient/server

networksnetworks

WindowsWindowsServer 2003Server 2003

Upgrade toUpgrade toWindows 2000Windows 2000

ServerServer

WindowsWindows

Server 2008Server 2008

SolarisSolaris

Version of UNIXVersion of UNIXdeveloped by Sundeveloped by Sun

MicrosystemsMicrosystems

Specifically forSpecifically foree--commercecommerceapplicationsapplications

42


What is an embedded operating system?

Nextp. 8.26 Fig. 8-32

Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, andother small computers.

Examples: Windows CE .NET Windows Mobile 2006 Palm OS (for PDAs & smart phones) Embedded Linux (small Linux OS for PDAs) Symbian OS (open source multitasking OS)


What is an embedded operating system?

Nextp. 8.26 Fig. 8-32

Found on most mobilecomputers, PDAs, and othersmall devices

Windows CE .NET isscaled-down version ofWindows

http://msdn.microsoft.com/embedded/prevver/ce.net/default.aspx

43


What are two operating systems for PDAs?

Nextp. 8.27 Figs. 8-33–8-34

Windows Mobile 2006 for the Pocket PChttp://www.microsoft.com/windowsmobile/default.mspx

Palm OS for Palm Treo, Visor, and Sony CLie http://www.palm.com/us/


What is Symbian OS? http://www.symbian.com/

Nextp. 8.27 Fig. 8-35

Open-source, multitasking operating systemdesigned for smart phones

Make telephone calls,save appointments,browse Web, sendand receive e-mailand faxes, and more

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Utility Programs (Antivirus Utilities)

What is a virus?

Nextp. 8.28 Fig. 8-36

SIGNS OFSIGNS OFVIRUSVIRUS

INFECTIONINFECTION

Potentially damaging computer program Affects computer without user’s knowledge

Utility Programs (Antivirus)

What is an antivirus program? (Symantec, McAfee)

Nextp. 8.28 Fig. 8-37

Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storagemedia, and incoming files

Must be updated frequently (weekly!)

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Utility Programs

What is a personal firewall?

Nextp. 8.29 Fig. 8-38

Protects personal computer from unauthorizedintrusions

Monitors alltransmissionsto and fromcomputer

Personal Firewalls

What is a personal firewall?

p. 11.09 Fig. 11-8 Next

Program that protects personal computer and its datafrom unauthorized intrusions

Monitors transmissions to and from computer Informs you of attempted intrusion

PERSONAL FIREWALL SOFTWARE

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Firewalls: Zone Alarm & Windows XP

http://www.zonelabs.com/store/content/company/products/znalm/freeDownload.jsp

Windows XP comes with a built-in firewall, but it isturned on by default.

To find out how to turn it on, visit:www.microsoft.com/security/protect

The Windows XP firewall software works only“one way” which means it blocks only suspiciousactivity aimed at your computer and not comingfrom your computer.

Utility Programs

What is spyware?

Nextp. 426

Program placed on a computer without the user’sknowledge that secretly collects information about theuser

Often enters a computer as a result of a user installinga new program

A spyware remover is a program that detects anddeletes spyware. Adware can also be a problem:

Visit: http://www.lavasoftusa.com

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Pop-upBlockers

Utility Programs

What are internet filters?

Nextp. 426 - 427

Programs that remove or block certain items frombeing displayed (Anti-Spam, Web Filters, Pop-upBlockers)

http://www.stopzilla.com/download/download_select.aspx?AID=10004&S=&type=DOWNLOAD&topic=&source=&AAID=&dre=&cid=pop%20up%20software

Anti-SpamPrograms

WebFilters

Keeping Windows Updated

Visit:http://update.microsoft.com/windowsupdate/v6/default

.aspx?ln=en-us

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Utility Programs

What is CD/DVD burning software?


Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files toa recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD

http://www.roxio.com/enu/default.html?source=G2

Utility Programs: Nero Version 8

What is CD/DVD burning software?


Writes text, graphics, audio, and video files to arecordable or rewriteable CD or DVD

http://www.nero.com/enu/index.html

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RippingCopying songs from CD to

computer

Windows Media Player 10

50

Chapter 8 Operating Systems

End of Presentation

Windows Vista 2007 Media Player 11

chapter 8 operating systems & utilities chapter 8 objectives

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