chapter 8 operating systems and utility programs459

7/27/2019 Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs459

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Chapter 8

Operating Systems

and UtilityPrograms


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Describe the two types ofsoftware

Understand the startup processfor a personal computer

Describe the term user interface

Explain features common tomost operating systems

Know the difference betweenstand-alone operating systemsand network operating systems

Identify various stand-aloneoperating systems

Identify various networkoperating systems

Recognize devices that useembedded operating systems

Discuss the purpose of thefollowing utilities: file viewer,file compression, diagnostic,

uninstaller, disk scanner, diskdefragmenter, backup, and

screen saver

Chapter 8 Objectives

Next

p.8.2


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System Software

What is software?

The series of computer-language codedinstructions that tells the computer how toperform tasks

Two types ofsoftware

p.8.2

Next

applicationsoftware

systemsoftware


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System Software

What is system software? Consists of the

programs thatcontrol theoperations of thecomputer and its

devices Serves as the

interface betweenthe user, theapplication

software, and thecomputer'shardware

Two types areoperating

systems andutility programsp.8.2

Next


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OperatingOperating

SystemSystem

Operating Systems

What is an operating system (OS)? A set of programs

containinginstructions thatcoordinate all the

activities amongcomputer hardwareresources

Required for acomputer to work

Sometimes calledthe softwareplatform or platform

p.8.3

Next

Click to

view

animation


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OperatingOperating

SystemSystem

manageprograms

Operating Systems

What are the functions of an operating system?

p.8.3 Fig. 8-1

Next

start up thecomputer

administersecurity

control a

network

monitorperformance and

providehousekeeping

services

access theWeb

schedule jobsand configure

devices

provide userinterface

managememory


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Operating Systems

Where is the operating system located? Resides on computers

hard disk in most cases May reside on a ROM

chip on handheld

computers

p.8.3

Next

various operating systemsoften are not compatible

with each other

same types ofcomputers may have

different operatingsystems

different sizes ofcomputers typically

use differentoperating systems


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Operating Systems

What is a cross-platform application?

p.8.4 Fig. 8-2

Next

runs onWindows 98

andWindows NT

One that runs identically on multiple operating systems

Often has multiple versions, each corresponding to adifferent operating system


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat is booting?

The process of starting or restarting a computer

p.8. 4

Next

cold boot

Process of turning on acomputer after it has been

powered off completelywarm boot

Process of restarting a

computer that is alreadypowered on

Also called a warm start


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memory resident

Instructions remainin memory while thecomputer is running

The kernel ismemory resident

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is the kernel?

The core of an operatingsystem Manages memory and devices

Maintains the computers clocks

Starts applications Assigns the computers resources,

such as devices, programs, data,and information

Each time you boot a computer,

the kernel and other frequentlyused operating systeminstructions are loaded Loading a file means the file is

copied from the hard disk to the

computer's memoryp.8. 4

Next

nonresident

Instructions remain on

the hard disk untilthey are needed

Other parts of theoperating system arenonresident


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat messages display on the screen when you

boot the computer?

p.8.4 Fig. 8-3

Next

sound card andCD-ROM driversloaded

message

devices detectedand tested

total amount of

memory

BIOS version andcopyright notice


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Step 1: The powersupply sends asignal tocomponents in thesystem unit.

Step 1

Step 2: Theprocessor looksfor the BIOS.

processor

BIOS

Step 2

BIOSbasic input/output

system

Firmware that containsthe computer's startup

instructions

Operating System

FunctionsHow does

a personalcomputerboot up?

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next


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processor

BIOS

CD-ROM drive

Step 3

Operating System

FunctionsStep 3: The BIOSperforms the POST,which checkscomponents suchas the mouse,keyboard

connectors, andexpansion cards.

POSTpower-on self test

expansion cards

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next


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Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

Step 4: The results

of the POST arecompared with datain the CMOS chip.

processor

BIOS

CD-ROM drive

CMOS

Step 4

CMOS chip

Stores configurationinformation about the

computer

Also detects newdevices connected to

the computer expansion cards


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Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

Step 5: The BIOSlooks for the systemfiles in drive A(floppy disk drive)and then drive C(hard disk).

processor

BIOS

hard disk

CD-ROM drive

CMOS

floppy disk drive

Step 5

expansion cards

system files

Specific operatingsystem files loaded

during start up


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Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

Step 6: The boot

program loads thekernel of theoperating systeminto RAM fromstorage (hard disk).

The operatingsystem in memorytakes control of thecomputer.

processor

BIOS

hard disk

CD-ROM drive

(RAM)memorymodules

CMOS

floppy disk drive

Step 6

expansion cards


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Step 7

Operating System

Functions

p.8. 5 Fig. 8-4

Next

Step 7: The operating system

loads configuration informationand displays the desktop on thescreen.

The operating system executesprograms in the StartUp folder.

registry

Several files that containthe system configuration

information

Registry is constantlyaccessed during thecomputer's operation

StartUp folder

Contains a list of programsthat open automatically

when you boot thecomputer


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat is a boot drive?

The drive from which yourpersonal computer boots(starts)

In most cases, drive C(the hard disk) is the bootdrive

p.8.6 Fig. 8-5

Next

O S


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Step 1: Click the Start

button on the taskbar,point to Programs on theStart menu, point toAccessories on thePrograms submenu, pointto System Tools on the

Accessories submenu,and then point to Backup.

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is an emergency repair disk?

p.8.6 Fig. 8-5

Next

Step 2: Click Backup onthe System Toolssubmenu to open theBackup window. Point tothe Emergency RepairDisk button. Emergency

Repair Disk

button

EmergencyRepair Disk

button

Step 3: Click the

Emergency Repair Diskbutton to create theemergency repair disk.Follow the on-screeninstructions.

A floppy disk, Zip disk, or CD-ROM that contains systemfiles that will start the computer

Used when a hard disk becomes damaged and thecomputer cannot boot

Also called a boot diskor a rescue disk

To create a boot disk:

O i S


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Allows you to typekeywords or pressspecial keys on thekeyboard to enterdata andinstructions

Set of commandsyou use to interactwith the computer

is called thecommand language

command-line interface

commands

entered byuser

commands

entered byuser

graphical user interface (GUI)

Allows you to usemenus and visualimages to issuecommands

Controls how you enter data and instructions and howinformation displays on the screen

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is a user interface?

p.8.7 Fig. 8-6

Next

Click to

view animation

O i S


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat are features of a graphical user interface? Menu: a set of

commands fromwhich you canchoose

Icon: a small

image thatrepresents aprogram, aninstruction, afile, or someother object

Web pages canbe delivered orpushedautomaticallyto your screen

p.8.8 Fig. 8-7

Next

iconsfunction as

Web links

iconsfunction as

Web links

Web pagespushed ontothe desktop

Web pagespushed ontothe desktop

O i S


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Operating System

FunctionsHow does an operating system manage programs?

Operating systems vary incapabilities

Number of users

Number of programsrunning at the same time

Number of processors

Management of programs

directly affects userproductivity

p.8.8

Next

single user/single taskingoperating system

Allows only one user torun one program at a time

Early systems were singleuser

O ti S t


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat is multitasking? Allows a single user to work on two or more applications that

reside in memory at the same time

p.8.9 Fig. 8-8

Next

The foregroundcontains the

activeapplication: theone you currentlyare using

The otherprograms that arerunning, but arenot in use, are inthe background

backgroundapplicationslisted on the

toolbar

backgroundapplicationslisted on the

toolbar

foregroundapplication

foregroundapplication

O ti S t


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Operating System

Functions

p.8.9

Next

multiuser

Operating system enables twoor more users to run a

program simultaneously

multiprocessing

Operating system can supporttwo or more processors running

programs at the same time

fault-tolerant computerContinues to operate even if one of its

components fails

Computer has duplicate componentssuch as processors, memory, and

disk drives

What are other program managementfeatures of operating systems?

Click to

view

animation

O ti S t


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clears items frommemory when the

processor no longerrequires them

monitors thecontents of memory

Operating System

Functions

What is memory management? Optimizes the use of random access memory (RAM)

p.8.10

Next

allocates, or assigns, dataand instructions to anarea of memory while

they are being processed

O ti S t


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RAM(physicalmemory)

disk(virtual

memory)

page swapped out

RAM(physicalmemory)

disk(virtual

memory)

Step 1: Operating

system transfersleast recently useddata and programinstructions to diskbecause memory is

needed for otherfunctions.page swapped in

page swapped out

RAM(physicalmemory)

disk(virtual

memory)

Step 2: Operating

system transfersdata and programinstructions fromdisk to memorywhen they are

needed.

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is virtual memory (VM) management?

The operatingsystem allocates aportion of astorage medium,

usually the harddisk, to functionas additional RAM

p.8.10 Fig. 8-9

Next

Operating System


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat are some virtual memory terms?

p.8.10

Next

swap file

The area of thehard disk used

for virtualmemory

paging

The technique ofswapping items

between memoryand storage

thrashing

When an operating

system spends muchof its time paging,

instead of executingapplication software

page

The amount ofdata and programinstructions that

can swap at agiven time

Operating System


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job

An operation theprocessor manages

Operating System

FunctionsHow does an operating system schedule jobs? Adjusts the schedule of jobs based on their priority

A buffer is an area of memory or storage in whichitems are placed while waiting to be transferred to orfrom an input or output device

p.8.10

Nextprocessinginstructions

sendinginformation to

an output

device

transferring itemsfrom storage to

memory and frommemory to storage

receivingdata from an

input device

Operating System


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server

print jobprint spoolerprint queue

server

jobsto be

printeddisk

print jobprint spoolerprint queueprint queue print spooler print job

jobsto be

printed

jobsbeing

printedserver laser printerdisk

Print jobs are sent to a buffer instead of sending themimmediately to the printer

Multiple print jobs line up in a queue within the buffer A program,

called a printspooler,interceptsprint jobsfrom the

operatingsystem andplaces themin the queue

Operating System

FunctionsWhat is spooling?

p.8.11 Fig. 8-10

Next

Operating System


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Operating System

Functions

What is a device driver?

p.8.11

Next

Click to view Web Link

then click Device Drivers

device driver

A small program that tells the operating system howto communicate with a device

Also called a driver

Each device on a computer requires itsown specific driver

Operating System


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Step 1: Open theControl Panelwindow. Point to theAdd/RemoveHardware icon. Add/Remove

Hardware icon

Add/Remove

Hardware icon

Step 2: Start theAdd/Remove HardwareWizard by double-clicking theAdd/Remove Hardwareicon. Follow the on-screen instructions.

Step 3: TheAdd/Remove Hardware

Wizard searches forPlug and Play deviceson your system. If itfinds any suchdevices, it installsthem.

Step 4: If theAdd/Remove HardwareWizard cannot find anyPlug and Play devices,you can select the typeof device you want to

install.

devicetype

selected

devicetype

selected

Operating System

FunctionsHow do you install a device driver?

p.8.12 Fig. 8-11

Next

Step 5: Next you selectthe manufacturer andmodel you want toinstall. You may berequested to insert thefloppy disk, CD-ROM, or

DVD-ROM that containsnecessary driver files tocomplete the installationof the device.

manufacturerselected

manufacturerselected

modelselectedmodelselected

Operating System


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat is Plug and Play? The computer can recognize a new device and assist

you in its installation by loading the necessary driversautomatically and checking for conflicts with otherdevices

Supported by mostdevices and operatingsystems today

p.8. 13

Next


then click Plug and Play

Operating System


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat is an interrupt request (IRQ)? A communications line between a device and the

processor

Most computers have 16 IRQs, numbered 0 through 15

p.8. 13Fig. 8-12

Next

IRQs areassignedduringinstallation

Operating System


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Operating System

Functions

How does the operating system help accessthe Web? Typically

provides a

means toestablish Webconnections

Some include a

Web browserand an e-mailprogram

p.8.13 Fig. 8-13

Next

Operating System


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Operating System

FunctionsHow does an operating system monitorperformance? Provides a program, called a performance monitor, that

assesses and reports information about various systemresources

anddevices

p.8.14 Fig. 8-14

Next

Operating System


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Operating System

FunctionsHow does an operating system manage

files? Contains a program called a file manager

Performsfunctions

related tostorage andfilemanagement

p.8.14 Fig. 8-15

Next

Operating System


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organizing,copying, renaming,deleting, moving,and sorting files

Operating System

Functions

p.8.15

Next

displaying alist of files on a

storagemedium

checking theamount of usedor free space on

a storagemedium

formatting andcopying disks

creating shortcuts:an icon on the

desktop that runs a

program when youclick it

What are some file manager functions?

Operating System


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Operating System

Functions

What is formatting? The process of

preparing a disk forreading and writing

Most floppy and harddisk manufacturerspreformat their disks

Various operating

systems format disksdifferently

p.8. 15

Next

Operating System


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat is a file allocation table (FAT)? A table of information

that the operatingsystem uses to locatefiles on a disk

Defined during theformatting process

Lists all files, filetypes, and locations

Reformatting a diskusually erases onlythe file allocationtable and leaves theactual files on the disk

p.8. 15

Next

Operating System


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Operating System

Functions

What is a network operating system? An operating system that supports a network

Also called a network OS or NOS

p.8.15 Fig. 8-16

Next

A network is a

collection ofcomputers anddevicesconnectedtogether viacommunicationsmedia anddevices

server controls accesslaserprinter

client client client

Operating System


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Operating System

FunctionsWhat are features of a network operatingsystem? The server is the computer that controls access to the

network and provides a centralized storage area

The other computers on the network are called clients

p.8.15 Fig. 8-16

Next

Organizes andcoordinates how

multiple usersaccess and

share resourceson the network

Resources include

programs, files, anddevices such as

printers and drives

Network administratoruses the network OS toadd and remove users,computers, and other

devices to and from the

network

Operating System


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Operating System

FunctionsHow do operating systems administersecurity? Most multiuser operating systems allow each user to

log on

p.8.16 Fig. 8-17

log on

Process ofentering a user

name and apassword

user name

A unique combinationof characters that

identifies one specificuser

Also called a user ID

password

A combination of characters

associated with the username that allows access tocertain computer resources

Next

Operating System


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Operating System

FunctionsHow does a network administrator use thenetwork OS? To establish

permissions toresources

To define who canaccess certainresources

To define when they

can access thoseresources To assign passwords to

files and commands torestrict access to only

authorized usersp.8. 16

Next

Active Directory (AD)

A feature of Windows 2000Server that allows network

administrators to manage allnetwork information includingusers, devices, settings, andconnections from a central

environment

Types of Operating


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device-independent

Run on manymanufacturers

computers

device-dependent

One that runs only ona specific type of

computerproprietary software

Privately owned andlimited to a specificvendor or computer

model upward-compatible

Written for an earlierversion of the operating

system, but also runs withthe new version

Types of Operating

SystemsWhat are some characteristics of operating

systems?

p.8.17

Next

downward-compatible

Recognizes and workswith application softwarewritten for an earlier

version of the operatingsystem

Types of Operating


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Types of Operating

SystemsWhat are three

categories ofoperatingsystems?

p.8.17 Fig. 8-18

Next

Stand-Alone Operating


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SystemsWhat is a stand-alone operating system? A complete

operating systemthat works on adesktop or

notebookcomputer Some, called client

operatingsystems, also

work inconjunction with anetwork operatingsystem

p.8.17

Next



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commandsentered by

user

commands

entered byuser


SystemsWhat is DOS (Disk Operating System)? Refers to several single user operating systems

developed in the early 1980s for personal computers

Two more widely used versions were PC-DOS and MS-DOS, both developed by Microsoft

p.8.17

Next

Used acommand lineinterface andadded a menu-

driven interfacein later versions



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Windows 95A true multitaskingoperating systemwith downwardcompatibility for

DOS and Windows3.x

Stand Alone Operating

SystemsWhat is Windows? Developed by Microsoft to meet the need

for an operating system that had a GUI

p.8.18

Next

Click to view

Web Link

then click

Windows

Windows 3.x

Refers to three earlyversions of MicrosoftWindows that were

operating environmentswith DOS

An operating environmentis a GUI that works incombination with anoperating system to

simplify its use

Windows NTWorkstation

A client operatingsystem that could

connect to aWindows NT server

Used a Windows 95interface



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Support for theUniversal Serial

Bus (USB)


SystemsWhat are features of Windows 98? Upgrade to Windows 95

More integrated with theInternet than Windows 95

Included Internet Explorer, apopular Web browser

The file manager, WindowsExplorer, had a Web browserlook and feel

An Active Desktop interface

allowing icons and file namesto work similar to Web links

p.8.18

Next

Support for

multimediatechnologies suchas DVD and Web

TV



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SystemsWhat is Windows 2000 Professional? Upgrade to the

Windows NTWorkstationoperating

system Complete

multitaskingclient operating

system that hasa GUI

p.8.18 Fig. 8-19

Next

Click to

view video



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FAT32

Registry Checker


SystemsWhat are features of most Windows

operating systems?

p.8.18

Next

ActiveDesktop

Taskbar/toolbarsWindows

Explorer has aWeb browserlook and feel

Increased speed

Tune-Up Wizard

UniversalSerial Bus

Update Wizard

Multiple displaysupport

Hardwaresupport

Accessibility Settings

Wizard



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Systems

An operatingsystem that has

featuresspecifically forthe home user

Also calledWindows Me

Includesmultimediafeatures

p.8.20 Fig. 8-21

Next

What is Windows MillenniumEdition (Me)?



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SystemsWhat is Mac OS? A multitasking operating system available only for

computers manufactured by Apple

p.8.21 Fig. 8-22

Next


then click Mac OS

ApplesMacintosh

operating systemwas the firstcommerciallysuccessful GUI

Mac OS is thecurrent version



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SystemsWhat is OS/2 Warp? IBMs GUI multitasking client operating system

p.8.22 Fig. 8-23

Next

Supportsnetworking, theInternet, Java,

and speechrecognition Runs programs

writtenspecifically for

OS/2, as well asmost programswritten for DOSand Windows

Company on the Cutting


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Company on the Cutting

Edge

Apple Computer, Inc. Formed by Steven Jobs

and Stephen Wozniak in1976

Began with the Apple I

circuit board developed inJobs garage

The Apple II product linegenerated more than $1billion in annual sales from1977 until 1993

The current high-performance PowerMacintosh line wasintroduced in 1994,followed by the iBook, the

PowerMac G4, and the MacOS X

p.8.21

Next

Click to view

Web Link

then click

Apple

Network Operating


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Network Operating

SystemsWhat is a network operating system?

An operatingsystem thatsupports anetwork

Typicallyresides on aserver

Client

computers onthe network relyon the server(s)for resources

p.8.22

Next

Network Operating


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Network Operating

Systems

What is Novells Netware? A widely used network

operating system designedfor client/server networks

Has a server portion thatresides on the networkserver and a client portionthat resides on each client

computer connected to thenetwork

p.8.22

Next


then click Novell

Network Operating


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Network Operating

SystemsWhat is Windows 2000 Server?

Family of three products Windows 2000 Server: operating

system for the typical businessnetwork

Windows 2000 Advanced Server:designed for e-commerceapplications

Windows 2000 Datacenter Server:best for demanding, large-scale

applications such as datawarehousing

p.8.22

Next

Windows NT serverOlder version developed

as an operating system forclient/server networks

Network Operating


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Network Operating

Systems

p.8.23

Next

What is OS/2 Warp Server for E-business? IBMs network

operating system

Designed for all sizes

of business Includes Netscape as

its Web browser ande-mail program

Network Operating


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Network Operating

Systems

What is UNIX? A multitasking operating system developed in the early

1970s by scientists at Bell Laboratories Lacks interoperability across multiple platforms

p.8.23 Fig. 8-24

Next


then click UNIX

Several versions

exist, eachslightly different

Command-lineinterface

Network Operating


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Network Operating

SystemsWhat is Linux? A popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system

p.8.24 Fig. 8-25

Next

Also includes manyprogramming

languages Open-source

software

Code is available

to the public Some versions are

command-line andothers are GUI

Product on the Cutting


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g

Edge

Operating system created by LinusTorvalds

A free program offered as alternative toMicrosoft Windows and Apple Mac OS

Linux GNU General Public License

allows anyone to obtain and modify thesource code and then redistribute therevised product

A large, friendly community of usersdistribute the operating system andprovide an extensive number of usergroups, mailing lists, newsletters, andforums

p.8.24

Next


then click Linux

Technology Trailblazer


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gy

Linus Torvalds

Creator and lead technicaldeveloper of the freeoperating system Linux

A native of Finland Credits the high level of

technology and superioreducational system ofFinland for giving him the

advantages of being ableto concentrate on hisbrainstorm instead ofworrying about economicissues

p.8.25

Next

Click to

view Web Link

then click

Linus Torvalds

Network Operating


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p g

SystemsWhat is Solaris?

A version of UNIX

Developed by Sun Microsystems

A network operating system designedspecifically for e-commerce applications

Can manage high-traffic accounts Incorporates security necessary for Web

transactions

Client computers use a version called CDE(Common Desktop Environment)

p.8.25

Next

Embedded Operating


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p g

SystemsWhat is an embedded operating system?

The operatingsystem on mosthandheld

computers andsmall devices

Resides on aROM chip

p.8. 25

Next

Windows CE

PocketPC OS

Palm OS

Embedded Operating


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Incorporates manyelements of theWindows GUI

Supports color,sound, multitasking,e-mail, and Internet

capabilities

g

SystemsWhat is Windows CE? A scaled down Windows operating system designed

for use on wireless communications devices andsmaller computers

Handheld computers

In-vehicle devices Web-enabled devices

p.8. 25 Fig. 8-26

Next

Provides for scaled-downversions of applications

Embedded Operating


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SystemsWhat is an Auto PC? A device mounted onto a vehicles dashboard that is powered

by Windows CE Directed through voice commands Provides information to the driver such as driving directions,

traffic conditions, weather, and stock quotes, and allows the

driver to access and listen to e-mail Acts as a radio or an audio CD Shares

informationwith a

handheld ornotebookcomputer

p.8. 25 Fig. 8-26

Next

Embedded Operating


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SystemsWhat is Pocket PC OS? A scaled-down operating

system developed byMicrosoft

Works on a specific type ofhandheld computer, called a

Pocket PC Allows access to all the basic

PIM functions Provides Web access Supports handwriting

recognition Allows document creation

p.8. 26 Fig. 8-27

Next

Click to

view video

Embedded Operating


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SystemsWhat is Palm OS?

Used in handheldcomputers

Palm from Palm, Inc.

Visor from Handspring

Manages data andsynchronizes thisinformation with adesktop computer

Some access the Internet

p.8. 26

Next

Utility Programs


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utility suites

Combine several utilityprograms into a single

package

What is a utility program? A type of system

software that performsa specific task

Usually related to

managing a computer,its devices, or itsprograms

Also called a utility

Most operating systemsinclude several utilityprograms

You can also buy stand-alone utilities

p.8.27

Next

McAfee and Norton offerutility suites and Web-based utility services

Web-based utility service

You pay an annual fee thatallows you to access and

use a vendors utility

programs on the Web

Utility Programs


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What is a file viewer? Allows you to display and copy the contents of a file Windows Explorer has a viewer called Imaging Preview

p.8.27 Fig. 8-28

Next Imaging Preview

Utility Programs


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What is a file compression utility? Shrinks the size of a file Compressed files

Take up lessstorage space thanthe original files

Sometimes calledzipped files

Usually have a .zipextension

You must uncompress

a compressed file touse it

Two popular utilitiesare PKZIP andWinZip

p.8.28 Fig. 8-29

Next

compressed

filecompressed

file

Utility Programs


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What is a diagnostic

utility? Compiles technical

information about yourcomputer's hardware

and certain systemsoftware programs Prepares a report

outlining any identifiedproblems

Windows includes theutility Dr. Watson

p.8.28 Fig. 8-30

Next

Utility Programs


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What is an uninstaller?

Removes an application, as well as any associatedentries in the system files

p.8.29 Fig. 8-31

Next

When an applicationis installed, theoperating systemrecords informationit uses to run thesoftware in the

system files The uninstaller

removes thisinformation

Utility Programs


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What is a disk scanner? Detects and corrects

both physical and logicalproblems on a hard diskor floppy disk

A physical problem isone with the media

A logical problem isone with the data

Searches for andremoves unnecessaryfiles

Windows includes twodisk scanners

p.8.29 Fig. 8-32

Next

Utility Programs


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fragmented file

The contents are scatteredacross two or more

noncontiguoussectors of a disk

fragmenteddisk

file 1 beforedefragmenting

disk afterdefragmentation

process

file 1 afterdefragmenting

What is a disk defragmenter?

A utility that reorganizes the filesand unused space on acomputer's hard disk

Allows the operating system to

access data morequickly andprograms to runfaster

p.8.30 Fig. 8-33

Next

Defragmenting thedisk reorganizes itso the files arestored incontiguous sectors

Utility Programs


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What is a backup utility? Allows you to copy, or backup, selected files on your

entire hard disk onto another disk or tape Backup utility monitors progress of the backup process

p.8.30 Fig. 8-34

Next

Many will compress

files during theprocess

A restore programreverses the

process and returnsbacked up files totheir original forms

Utility Programs


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What is a screen saver?

p.8.31 Fig. 8-35

Next

Click to

view video

Causes a monitor's screento display a moving imageor blank screen if nokeyboard or mouse activityoccurs for a specified time

period Developed to prevent

ghosting, in which imagescould be permanentlyetched on a monitors

screen; no longer aproblem for modernmonitors

Popular for security, business,or entertainment purposes

Technology Trailblazer


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Phillip Katz Developed PKZIP, a

data compressionutility

His innovative PKZIP

shareware corneredthe datacompression market

PKWARE has steadyannual sales of $5million

p.8.29

Next


then click Phillip Katz

Summary of OperatingS t d Utilit


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Systems and Utility

Programs

System software Operating systems Operating system functions

Types of operating systems Stand-alone operating systems Network operating systems Embedded operating systems Utility programs


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Chapter 8 Complete

chapter 8 operating systems and utility programs459

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