chapter 8: political parties what is a political party? a group of political activists who organize...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 8: Political PartiesChapter 8: Political Parties
![Page 2: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What Is a Political Party?
• A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and to determine public policy.
• How are parties different from interest groups?
2
Ralph E. Becker Collection /Smithsonian Institution
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 3: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Political Parties vs. Interest Groups
Political Parties• Run government
• Select candidates
• Multiple issues (party platform)
Interest Groups• Influence government
• Support candidates
• Often a single issue
3Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 4: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
The Three Components of Political Parties
4Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 5: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Functions of Political Parties
• Recruit candidates to run for elective offices at all levels of government
• Mobilize citizens to vote and participate in elections
• Bear the responsibility of operating government at all levels
• Provide organized opposition to the party in power5Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 6: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Where the Voters Are
6Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 7: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
History of Political Parties
• The Formative Years: Federalists/Anti-Federalists (1789-1816)
• The Era of Good Feelings (1816-1828)
• National Two-Party Rule: Whigs and Democrats (1828-1860)
7
© The Granger Collection, New York
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 8: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Golden Age of Parties
• The Civil War Crisis
• The Post-Civil War Period (1865-1896)
• “Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion”
• The Triumph of the Republicans
8
Courtesy of Smithsonian Institute, neg #98-4290
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 9: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
History of Political Parties
• The Progressive Interlude (1896-1932)
• The New Deal Era (1932-1968)
• An Era of Divided Government (modern period)• After 1968, the general pattern was often a
Republican president and a Democratic Congress• 2000 Presidential Election (Red vs. Blue States)• Parties in relative balance 9Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 10: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Election 1896
10Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 11: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Election 2004
11Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 12: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Election 2008
12Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 13: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Two Major Parties Today
• The parties’ core constituents
• Economic beliefs• Recent economic convergence?
• Cultural politics• Democrats have the reputation of
supporting the less-well-off, Republicans the prosperous
• Regional factors
13Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 14: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
14Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 15: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Income and Party Identification
15Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 16: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Republican and Democratic Issues
16Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 17: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Three Faces of a Party
1. The people who identify with the party or who regularly vote for the candidates of the party in general elections
17Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 18: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Three Faces of a Party (cont)
2. Party Organization
• National• Convention delegates
• National Committee
• National Chairperson
• State party organization
• Local (grassroots) organization• Patronage and city machines
• Local party organizations18Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 19: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
2008 National Conventions
19Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 20: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Three Faces of a Party (cont)
3. The Party in Government
• Divided Government
• The Limits of Party Unity
• Party Polarization
20
© Andy Levin/Photo Researchers, Inc.
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 21: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Ethnic Politics and the Campaign for the White House
This report discusses the importance of the Hispanic vote during the 2008 presidential election.
Airdate: 7/13/2008
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
Click the icon to open the movieVideo Supplied by Motion Gallery
![Page 22: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Video Questions
1. What concerns might Hispanic voters have that other voting blocks do not share?
2. Why is there a historic rivalry between Hispanics and blacks in some states?
3. What was Bush’s appeal to Hispanic voters in the 2004 election?
4. Which party is most likely to appeal to Hispanic voters in the next election?
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 23: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Why Has the Two Party System Endured? • Duality
• Political socialization and practical considerations
• The Winner-Take-All Electoral System
• Presidential Voting
• Popular Election of the Governors and President
• Proportional Representation
• State and Federal Laws Favor the Two Parties
• Ruling parties work to remain in control
• No party organization to join as independents
23Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 24: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Role of Minor Parties in U.S. Politics
• Ideological Third Parties• Green Party
• Splinter Parties
• The Impact of Minor Parties• Influencing the Major Parties• Affecting the Outcome of an Election
• Spoiler in 2000 Elections? 24Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 25: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Policies of Selected American
Third Parties Since 1864
25Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 26: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mechanisms of Political Change
• Realignment (occurs about every 32-36 years)• Civil War era
• 1890s
• Great Depression
• Nixon’s victory in 1972 seemed to be a realignment, but Watergate changed this
26
![Page 27: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mechanisms of Political Change (cont)
• Minor realignments• 1980s conservative movement
• Shift of white southerners to Republican party
• Northern blue-collar workers to Republican party
• Many professionals turn to Democratic party
• Religious cleavage
• Makes Republican party more conservative, Democrats more liberal: but neither party dominates
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning 27
![Page 28: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mechanisms of Political Change (cont)
• Dealignment: A major drop-off in support for the parties.• Independent Voters• Not-So-Independent Voters
• Tipping (demographically-based change)• Often due to immigration
28Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 29: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Party Identification: 1937–Present
29Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 30: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
A New Direction in 2008
• 2008 Elections bring change• Democrats regain political momentum
• Control White House AND Congress
• Obama wins five key Republican states
• Growing political divide between Democratic and Republican agendas
• Political Maneuvering = Less Responsive Government
• 2010 Elections indicate a new direction?
Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning 30
![Page 31: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Questions for Critical Thinking
1. Do democratic governments need political parties? If a democratic government has political parties, will the structure always be a two-party system?
2. What factors impact how many political parties will exist?
3. Is party identification a major factor for voters in presidential elections?
4. Do political parties make government more responsive?
3131Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 32: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Questions for Critical Thinking
5. Why is it difficult for independent candidates or minor party candidates to get elected to Congress?
6. What inferences can be made about the voting population through the closely divided elections of 2000 and 2004?
7. Between 2008 and 2010, how did the interests and mood of voters change?
3232Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 33: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Web Links
• The White House• GOP.com• The Democratic Party • National Republican Senatorial Committee• Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee • The National Republican Congressional
Committee
33Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning
![Page 34: Chapter 8: Political Parties What Is a Political Party? A group of political activists who organize to win elections, to operate the government, and](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022070412/56649e885503460f94b8d26e/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Web Links
• Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee • GOP.gov• Townhall.com• National Political Index• The Greens/Green Party USA
34Copyright 2011 Cengage Learning