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Chapter 8 ReviewA More Perfect UnionCreating a Government and putting it in Place (Chapter 8, Government, & Ch. 9)James MadisonA Virginia delegate to the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention, and is considered the Father of the Constitution for his many contributions to the basic structure of our government. He authored the Virginia Plan which proposed representation in the Congress based on population. He supported ratification of the new U.S. Constitution and wrote over a third of the Federalist Papers, promoting its ratification. He proposed the Bill of Rights.

Alexander HamiltonA delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 from New York. As a proponent of a strong central government, he was one of the authors of The Federalist Papers (essays that promoted the ratification of the Constitution).

Patrick HenryHe was a symbol of Americas struggle for liberty and self-government; he was a lawyer, patriot, orator, and willing participant in virtually every aspect of the founding of America. He was a delegate to the First Continental Congress from Virginia. He did not attend the Constitutional Convention in 1787 because he smelled a rat and later fought against ratification of the U.S. Constitution as a leader of the Anti-Federalists

George MasonHe was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention in 1787 but did not sign the Constitution. He became an Anti-Federalist and worked against ratification of the U.S. Constitution. He believed in basic American liberties such as freedom of the press, religious tolerance and the right to a trial by jury.

George WashingtonCommander of the Continental Army during the American Revolution. Later, he became the President of the Philadelphia Constitutional Convention in 1787. He sides with the Federalists in the debate over ratification and is elected the First President of the United States in 1788.

Magna Carta 1215granted rights to noblemen and freemen. Limited power of the kingHouse of Burgesses 1619 The First Representative Body in the colonies; Virginia

Mayflower Compact 1620 first system of self-government in America.English Bill of Rights 1689 supported a limitedmonarchy, govt based of laws made by parliament provided a system of shared power; rights given to ALL EnglishmenFundamental Orders of Connecticut 1639 the first constitution in the American colonies; extended voting rights to non-church members and limited the powers of the governor, expanded ideas of representative governmentArticles of Confederation 1781 the nations first constitution; lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage lack of power to create a national armyegislative makes lawsxecutive enforces the lawudicial interprets the lawU.S. Constitution1787AMER I CANGOVERNMENT

ec. of Ind.rticles of Confed.onstitutionFounding DocumentsRevolution EventsexingtonaratogaorktownValley ForgeJamestown -1st perm. English settlementMayflower Compact 1st system of self- govt Declaration of Independence Freedom from Englsih RuleConstitution Replaced Article of Confed.New EnglandSouthern ColoniesMiddle ColoniesUS in 1783Appalachian MtnsMississippi R.Long winters, rocky soil, timber, fishing, shipbuilding, whalingsubsistence farming, good soil, warm climateHot climate, fertile soil, cash crops, plantation systemG v. O =McC v. M =DS vs. S =GASCNCVAMDDENJPANYCTRINHMAGreat Lakes

33. Early government was influenced by the works of European philosophers such as:Charles de Montesquieu (French) - separation of powers and 3 branchesJohn Locke (English) unalienable rightsWilliam Blackstone (English) natural rights and Bill of Rights

Chapter 8 Review

634. The Articles of Confederation Our 1st National government with one branch (legislative). The states have most of the power. It would be replaced by the Constitution in 1787.

Weaknesses of the Articles of ConfederationNo executive branchNo levying of taxesNo judicial branchNo regulation of tradeArticles of ConfederationChapter 8 Review735. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 established the procedures for the expansion of the United States and explains that new states admitted to the Union are equal to existing states.

Congress appoints governorTo rule territoryWith 5,000 free adult males, elect a territorial legislature60,000 total free population, write a constitutionCongressional approval ofConstitution means statehoodILINOHMIWINorthwest OrdinanceMNChapter 8 Review 8

36. A tariff is a tax on imported goods (goods brought into a country) designed to protect home industries.

Foreign Merchant

tariffChapter 8 Review937. Shays Rebellion highlighted the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation & convinced many Founders of the need for a stronger national government.

Take my farm? Ill whup that tax man from a sittin position.Shays RebellionChapter 8 Review10

38. The Great Compromise created a bi-cameral (2 House) Legislature we call Congress. Representation in the House of Representatives: population; the Senate: each state gets 2.Senate -2 for each stateHouse of Representatives (435)Great CompromiseChapter 8 Review1139. The settled the issue of how slaves would count for representation and taxation in Congress. Each slave would count as 3/5 of a person.3/5 Compromise

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Chapter 8 Review

Wait! Why are we doing MATH in History class?12

40. Checks and Balances is a system set up by the Constitution in which each branch of the federal government has the power to check, or control, the actions of the other branches.

Checks and Balances

Chapter 8 Review

1341. Separation of Powers: system in which each branch of government has its own powers.

LegislativeExecutiveJudicialMakes LawsExecutes LawsInterprets LawsSeparation of PowersChapter 8 Review 14

42. Republicanism is a system of representative government in which voters elect representatives to make laws for them.

Republicanism

Chapter 8 Review

1543. Federalism is the sharing of power between the states and the national government.

FederalismChapter 8 Review16

This is cool!Now we have a strong national government!44. Federalists were supporters of the Constitution who favored a strong national government and the Bank of the United States.FederalistsChapter 8 Review1745. Anti-federalists were people opposed to the Constitution, preferring more power be given to the state governments than to the national government. They also opposed the Bank of the U.S. Thomas Jefferson and George Mason were leading Anti-Federalists.

Shut up, Beavis! Who gives you the right to speak We the People?We, The PeopleAnti-FederalistsChapter 8 Review1846. The Federalist Papers - a series of essays written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton defending the Constitution and the principles on which the government of the United States was founded.

We are Publius!We are Publius!We are Publius!FederalistChapter 8 Review

1947. The Legislative Branch makes the laws. The Executive Branch enforces the laws. The Judicial Branch interprets the meaning of the laws.

My name is Bill Lawmaker.I veto youYou areSO guilty!!!LegislativeExecutiveJudicialChapter 8 Review2048. Constitution - system of limited government where elected officials represent the people and must govern according to the laws of the Constitution.Constitutional Republic

Chapter 8 Review

2149. The Constitution (our written plan of government) - Created: Philadelphia, 1787. Provides a strong national government with power balanced between the 3 branches.

LegislativeExecutiveJudicialPowerPowerPowerConstitutionChapter 8 Review2250. James Madison is considered to be the Father of the Constitution.

I should win Father of the Year for this.Baby Constitution#1 Dad!MadisonChapter 8 Review23