chapter 8 section 2 types of reactions p. 276-284 1 modern chemistry chapter 8 chemical equations...

Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Reactions p. 276-284

1

Modern ChemistryModern ChemistryChapter 8Chapter 8

Chemical Equations Chemical Equations and Reactionsand Reactions

Sections 1, 2 & 3Describing Chemical ReactionsTypes of Chemical Reactions

Activity Series of the Elements


2

Ch

ap

ter

Voca

bu

lary

Ch

ap

ter

Voca

bu

lary

Synthesis reactionDecomposition reactionElectrolysisSingle-displacement reactionDouble-displacement reactionCombustion reaction


3

Section 2Section 2

Types of Chemical Reactions


4

Synthesis Synthesis ReactionReaction


5

Synthesis ReactionSynthesis ReactionTwo or more substances combine to

form a new compound

A + X AX1. Element + oxygen oxide 2. Metal + halogen metal halide3. Oxide + water hydroxide


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Hydrogen Rockets2H2 (g) + O2(g) 2H2O(g)

Synthesis ReactionCombustion ReactionExothermic Reactions


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Synthesis ReactionSynthesis Reaction1. Element + Oxygen Oxide

P4 (s) + O2 (g) P4O10 (g)

H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O(g)

Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1 Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 2


8

Reactions with OxygenReactions with Oxygen

Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 2

See White Phosphorus Barking Dogs on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD


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Synthesis ReactionSynthesis Reaction2. Metal + Halogen Metal Halide

2Na (s) + Cl2 (g) 2NaCl (s)

2Al (s) + 3Br2 (l) 2AlBr3 (s)

Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 1See Zinc and Iodide Reaction on Houghton Mifflin Chemistry DVD


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Synthesis ReactionSynthesis Reaction3. Oxide + Water Hydroxide

CaO (s) + H2O (l) Ca(OH)2 (aq)

2P2 O5 (s) + 6H2O (l) 4H3PO4 (aq)nonmetal

metal base

acid


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Oxi

des

an

d W

ate

r O

xid

es

an

d W

ate

r

p. xx

2P2 O5 (s) + 6H2O (l) 4H3PO4 (aq)

CaO (s) + H2O (l) Ca(OH)2 (aq)


12

Predicting the ProductsPredicting the Products

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of antimony and hydrogen.

Potassium oxide reacts with water to form a compound. Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction.


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Decomposition Decomposition ReactionReaction


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Decomposition ReactionDecomposition ReactionA single compound breaks down into

two or more simpler substances

AX A + XDecompositions of…1. Binary Compounds2. Metal Carbonates3. Metal Hydroxides4. Metal Chlorates5. Acids


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Decomposition ReactionsDecomposition Reactions1. Decomposition of Binary

Compounds

HgO (g) Hg(s) + O2 (g)

H2O(l) H2 (g) + O2 (g)

Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1


16

Ele

ctro

lysi

s E

lect

roly

sis

p. 270


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Decomposition ReactionDecomposition Reaction2. Decomposition of Metal

Carbonates

CaCO3 (s) CaO (s) + CO2 (g)


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Decomposition ReactionDecomposition Reaction3. Decomposition of Metal Hydroxide

Ca(OH)2 (s) CaO (s) + H2O (l)


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Decomposition ReactionDecomposition Reaction4. Decomposition of Metal Chlorates

KClO3 (s) KCl (s) + O2 (g)


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Decomposition ReactionDecomposition Reaction5. Decomposition of Acids

H2CO3 (aq) H2O (l) + CO2 (g)



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Names of AcidsNames of AcidsMemorize the names of common acids.

hydrochloric acid HClhydrobromic acid HBrhydroiodic acid HIhydrofluoric acid HFnitric acid HNO3

sulfuric acid H2SO4

phosphoric acid H3PO4

Ammonia = NH3

Not an acid - but good to know!


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Genie in the Bottle2H2O2(g) 2H2O(l) + O2(g)

Decomposition Reaction


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Predicting the ProductsPredicting the ProductsCalcium carbonate decomposes into two

compounds. Write the balance equation for the reaction.

Write the balanced equation for the decomposition of cobalt II bromide.


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Single Single Displacement Displacement ReactionReaction


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Single Displacement ReactionSingle Displacement ReactionOne element replaces a similar

element in a compound

A + BX AX + BY + BX BY + X

1. Displacement of Metals2. Displacement of Halogen3. Displacement of H in Water by a Metal4. Displacement of H in Acid by a Metal


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Single DisplacementSingle Displacement

Diatomic?

Inse

rt H

olt:

Vis

ualiz

ing

Mat

ter

Dis

c 1

1. Displacement of Metalscopper II + silver I nitrate

Cu Cu

Ag

Ag

(NO3

)(NO3

)++

2

+2 -1+1 -1+2

Cu (s) + Ag(NO3) (aq) Ag(s) + Cu(NO3)2 (aq)


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Single DisplacementSingle Displacement2. Displacement of Halogensfluorine and sodium chloride

F2 (g) + NaCl (s) Cl2 (g) + NaF (s)

NaF Cl+ +1

2

-1-1

Diatomic?

F -1 + NaCl+1 -1

Diatomic?2


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Single DisplacementSingle Displacement3. Displacement of H in Water by a Metal lithium + water

Insert McMurry Fay Chemistry Disc 1

Li(s) + H2O (l) H2 (g) + LiOH (aq)

Li (OH)+ +1 -1+1 H Li (OH)+ +1+1 H -1

2


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Single DisplacementSingle Displacement4. Displacement of H in Acid by a Metal magnesium + hydrochloric acid


Mg(s) + HCl (aq) MgCl2 (aq) + H2(g)

Mg

HH MgCl Cl

++ 2

+2+1 -1-1+2

2

+1


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Predicting the ProductsPredicting the ProductsWrite the balanced equation for the

replacement of chromium by magnesium in chromium III chloride.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of bromine and iron III iodide.


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Double Double Displacement Displacement

ReactionReaction


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Double DisplacementDouble DisplacementThe ions of two compounds

exchange places in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds

AX + BY BX + AY1. Formation of a Precipitate 2. Formation of a Gas3. Formation of Water


35

Double DisplacementDouble Displacement

KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2 (aq) KNO3 (aq) + PbI2 (s)Insert Holt: Visualizing Matter Disc 1

1.Formation of a Precipitatepotassium iodide + lead II nitrate

K Pb

(NO3

)+

2

+1 -1+2I -1 K P

b(NO3

)+

+1 -1+2 I -1

2


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Iron III Choride & Sodium HydroxideIron III Choride & Sodium Hydroxide

Silver Nitrate & Sodium ChlorideSilver Nitrate & Sodium Chloride



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Double DisplacementDouble Displacement2. Formation of a Gas iron II sulfide + hydrochloric acid

FeS(s) + 2HCl (aq) H2S (g) + FeCl2 (aq)


Fe H Cl+ 2

+2 -1+1

S-2 Fe H Cl+

+2 -1+1 S-2

2


38

Double DisplacementDouble Displacement3. Formation of Water sodium hydroxide + hydrochloric acid


NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) H2O (l) + NaCl(aq)

Na H Cl+ +1 -1+1OH-1 Na H OH++1 -1+1O

H

-1


39

Predicting the ProductsPredicting the ProductsWrite the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between potassium

bromide and silver I nitrate.

Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of potassium sulfate and barium nitrate.


40

Combustion Combustion ReactionReaction


41

CombustionCombustionA substance combines with oxygen

releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat

X + O2 XO2

H2 (g) + O2 (g) H2O (g)

CxHy + O2 CO2 + H2O

C3H8 + O2 3CO2 + 4H2O


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Naming HydrocarbonsNaming HydrocarbonsHydrocarbons – compounds

containing hydrogen and carbonCarbon has four bonds. There are three classes of

hydrocarbons:alkanes – all single bondsalkenes – contain one double bond

alkynes – contain one triple bond


44

Naming HydrocarbonsNaming Hydrocarbons


45

Naming HydrocarbonsNaming HydrocarbonsPrefixes tell the number of carbon

atoms in the molecule

1 - meth2 - eth3 - prop4 - but5 - pent

6 - hex7 - hept8 - oct9 - non10 - dec


46

Naming HydrocarbonsNaming HydrocarbonsAlkanes –

names end in –ane.

Cx H2x + 2


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Naming HydrocarbonsNaming HydrocarbonsAlkenes – names end in –ene.

Cx H2x


48

Naming HydrocarbonsNaming HydrocarbonsAlkynes –

names end in –yne.

Cx H2x - 2


49

Naming HydrocarbonsNaming HydrocarbonsFind the formula of the following

hydrocarbons

ButeneOctanePentynePropeneButaneEthyne

C 4 H 8

C 8 H 18

C 5 H 8

C 3 H 6

C 4 H 10

C 2 H 2


50

Predicting the ProductsPredicting the ProductsOctane combusts. Write the balanced equation for the reaction.

Write the balanced reaction for the combustion of pentene.


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Types of Reactions Types of Reactions Movies and AnimationsMovies and Animations

Insert Glencoe Chemistry Concepts & Applications Disc 1


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Section 2 HomeworkSection 2 Homework


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ReactionComics


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Single Replacement

AB + C B + AC


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Synthesis

A + B AB


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Double Replacement

AB + CD CB + AD


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Decomposition

AB A + B

chapter 8 section 2 types of reactions p. 276-284 1 modern chemistry chapter 8 chemical equations...

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