Chapter 8 Section 4Chapter 8 Section 4

““The End of the War”The End of the War”

The Battle of Monmouth The Battle of Monmouth 17791779 In 1779, Washington and the Continental In 1779, Washington and the Continental

Army had the British on the run and chased Army had the British on the run and chased them across New Jersey.them across New Jersey.

They caught up with the British near the They caught up with the British near the town of Monmouth and attacked.town of Monmouth and attacked.

General Charles Lee, Washington’s second-General Charles Lee, Washington’s second-in-command, was in charge of leading the in-command, was in charge of leading the assault on the British rear guard.assault on the British rear guard.

When British reinforcements arrived, Lee When British reinforcements arrived, Lee ordered a retreat.ordered a retreat.

Washington charged forward to halt the Washington charged forward to halt the retreat.retreat.

By the end of the day, the British were By the end of the day, the British were pulling back.pulling back.

Battle of Monmouth, NJ Battle of Monmouth, NJ 17791779

Washington at MonmouthWashington at Monmouth

The War Moves SouthThe War Moves South Having failed in the Northern states, Having failed in the Northern states,

Britain moved the war to the South.Britain moved the war to the South. The patriot cause was kept alive by The patriot cause was kept alive by

guerillaguerilla fighters like Francis Marion, the fighters like Francis Marion, the famous “swamp fox”.famous “swamp fox”.

Marion’s Marion’s guerillasguerillas repeatedly attacked repeatedly attacked the British, then faded like ghosts into the British, then faded like ghosts into tidewater swamps. tidewater swamps.

They terrorized Loyalist militia and kept They terrorized Loyalist militia and kept the British busy protecting supply lines.the British busy protecting supply lines.

GuerillasGuerillas: soldiers who are not part of the : soldiers who are not part of the regular army who make hit and regular army who make hit and run run attacks.attacks.

Francis Marion aka “Swamp Francis Marion aka “Swamp Fox”Fox”

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Washington sent his best Washington sent his best commander, General Nathaniel commander, General Nathaniel Greene, to the South to slow the Greene, to the South to slow the British advance.British advance.

The troops, under General Greene, The troops, under General Greene, exhausted General Cornwallis and exhausted General Cornwallis and the British army.the British army.

War in the South 1780War in the South 1780

General Nathaniel GreeneGeneral Nathaniel Greene General CornwallisGeneral Cornwallis

War in the WestWar in the West Americans led by George Rogers Americans led by George Rogers

Clark seized control of the Ohio Clark seized control of the Ohio Valley.Valley.

Clark planned to drive the British out Clark planned to drive the British out of the Ohio River Valley and the of the Ohio River Valley and the Great Lakes region.Great Lakes region.

By 1779 Americans controlled the By 1779 Americans controlled the Ohio River Valley.Ohio River Valley.

George Rogers ClarkGeorge Rogers Clark

Help from SpainHelp from Spain In 1779, Bernardo de Galvez, the Gov. In 1779, Bernardo de Galvez, the Gov.

of Spanish Louisiana pulled together a of Spanish Louisiana pulled together a force from Spain, Mexico, and the force from Spain, Mexico, and the Caribbean.Caribbean.

This force drove British troops from This force drove British troops from their forts along the Mississippi River. their forts along the Mississippi River.

1781; Galvez organized a much larger 1781; Galvez organized a much larger army and attacked the British in army and attacked the British in Pensacola, Florida.Pensacola, Florida.

2,500 British soldiers were trapped. 2,500 British soldiers were trapped. They could not come to the aid of They could not come to the aid of Cornwallis.Cornwallis.

Bernardo de GalvezBernardo de Galvez

The War EndsThe War Ends

October 1781: American and October 1781: American and French troops trapped Cornwallis French troops trapped Cornwallis at Yorktown, Virginia. at Yorktown, Virginia.

The British surrendered.The British surrendered. The war was overThe war was over..

Battle of Yorktown MapBattle of Yorktown Map

Battle of Yorktown MapBattle of Yorktown Map

Cornwallis’s Surrender at Cornwallis’s Surrender at YorktownYorktown

Battle of YorktownBattle of Yorktown

Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris Early in 1783, the British and Early in 1783, the British and

Americans signed a peace treaty in Americans signed a peace treaty in Paris, France.Paris, France.

Britain recognized the United States Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation.as an independent nation.

Granted the U.S. all lands from the Granted the U.S. all lands from the Atlantic Coast to the Mississippi Atlantic Coast to the Mississippi River, and from Florida to Canada. River, and from Florida to Canada.

United States 1783United States 1783

United States 1783United States 1783