chapter 8 section 4 the presidency of john adams discuss the reasons for tension between the united...
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Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
• Discuss the reasons for tension between the United States and France.
• Describe the main provisions of the Alien and Sedition acts.
• Explain how controversy arose over states’ rights.
Objectives
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Focus: Wednesday, January 30Benchmark LA 7.1.6.8
Student will determine the main idea or essential message in grade-level or higher texts through inferring, paraphrasing, summarizing, and identifying relevant details.
Review: Read first paragraph, pg. 297• Based on the third paragraph, what is the meaning of the word emphasize?• A. essential• B. accentuate• C. loudly• D. state
Write the ULG in your Student Progress Chart.-E-(2-3)
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Objective-Unit Learning GoalStudents will be able to assess the struggles
during John Adam’s Presidency and the Alien and Sedition Acts with 90% accuracy.
EQ: How did Americans respond to the internal and external challenges of creating a new Nation?
Write the ULG in your Student Progress Chart.-E-(2-3)
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Terms and People
• alien – an outsider or someone from another country
• sedition – activity designed to overthrow a government
• nullify – to deprive of legal force
• states’ rights – the idea that the union binding “these United States” is an agreement between the states and that they therefore can overrule federal law
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
How did problems with France intensify the split between the Federalists and the Republicans?
John Adams succeeded Washington as President in 1796.
Adams immediately faced a crisis over relations with France.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
• U.S. neutrality
• the Jay Treaty
Recent actions by American leaders provoked angry responses from the French people.
The French snubbed a
U.S. diplomat and attacked U.S. ships.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Daily AgendaRead:• Text-298-301-Thinking Map-Sequence (Flo-map)
Critical thinking:
Analyze the problem-What was the conflict with XYZ affair? Why do you think it angered Americans so much? With your group, discuss the issues Adams faced during his presidency. Could Adams have handled the Sedition and XYZ acts differently?
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
In 1797, Adams sent a mission to France. This led to a scandal known as the XYZ Affair.
French agents demanded that the U.S. pay them a large bribe.
The Americans refused. The French agents were anonymously known as X, Y, and Z.
bribe $$
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
The XYZ Affair caused war fever in America.
Adams asked Congress to increase the size of the army and rebuild the navy.
From 1798–1800, the United States fought an undeclared naval war with France.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Adams opposed a full-scale war with France.
He sent a new mission to France to meet with dictator Napoleon Bonaparte.
In 1800, Napoleon agreed to stop seizing American ships. Adams had avoided war.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
In 1798, war fever drove Federalists to pass laws to destroy their political opponents.
The Sedition Act targeted Republicans.
The Alien Act was directed at aliens, such as immigrants.
aliens
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Alien Act
• Increased the duration, from 5 to 14 years, that a person had to live in the U.S. to become a citizen.
• Gave the President power to deport or imprison any alien considered dangerous.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Sedition Act
• The harshest law limiting free speech ever passed in the U.S.
• Made it a crime for anyone to write or say anything insulting or false about the President, Congress, or the government.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Passage of the Alien and Sedition acts renewed the debate over federal versus state power.Arguments for State’s
RightsArguments for Federal
Power
• The federal government derives its power from rights given to it by the states.
• Because the states created the United States, individual states have the power to nullify a federal law.
• The federal government derives its power from rights given to it by the American people.
• States have no power to nullify federal laws.
• States cannot revoke federal powers set forth in the Constitution.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Republicans fought the Alien and Sedition acts.
Kentucky and Virginia passed resolutions that declared the acts unconstitutional. These state resolutions had little immediate impact, but the Alien and Sedition acts did not last long.
The Sedition Act expired in 1801.
The waiting period to become a citizen was restored to 5 years in 1802.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were far more important than the laws that provoked them.
They claimed that states
could nullify a law passed by
Congress.
The resolutions
also boosted the idea of states’ rights.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Reading Skill: Identify Cause and Effect
Causes• French angry over U.S. neutrality, Jay treaty• France snubs U.S. diplomat, attacks U.S. ships
Effect/Cause• Adams sends ministers to France• XYZ Affair: French agents demand U.S. ministers pay bribe
Effect/Cause•
•
Effect•
•
Causes• War fever grips nation•
Effect/Cause•
Effect/Cause•
Effect•
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Daily AgendaDiscuss With your Group:
Critical thinking:
Analyze the problem-What was the conflict with XYZ affair? Why do you think it angered Americans so much? With your group, discuss the issues Adams faced during his presidency. Could Adams have handled the Sedition and XYZ acts differently?
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Let’s Discuss. . .
• Turn to your partner and discuss one thing about today’s objective and ULG you are sure about.
• Now discuss one thing you are not clear about or may need some extra help to understand.
• Where do you think you are in today's learning goal scales? Why?
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Reading Skill: Identify Cause and Effect
Causes• French angry over U.S. neutrality, Jay treaty• France snubs U.S. diplomat, attacks U.S. ships
Effect/Cause• Adams sends ministers to France• XYZ Affair: French agents demand U.S. ministers pay bribe
Effect/Cause• Adams asks Congress for bigger navy• U.S.-France fight undeclared naval war
Effect• Napoleon agrees to stop seizing U.S. ships • War avoided
Causes• War fever grips nation• Federalists and Republicans fierce opponents
Effect/Cause• Congress passes Alien and Sedition Acts
Effect/Cause• Republicans pass Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Effect• Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions boost arguments for nullification and states’ rights
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Home Learning-Summary
Use the notes from your thinking map to write your summary(on the back).
Summarize John Adam’s Presidency and the struggles he faced.
Chapter 8 Section 4
The Presidency of John Adams
Reflection• Where do you think you are on today’s Unit learning goal? Rate
yourself 1-4. (1- I did not try very hard-and do not understand the lesson and 4- I gave it my best-and understand today’s lesson)
• To move up a level, what do you think you need to do?
• Are you clear about the lesson so far?
• Are you confused about anything?
• Is there anything you can do to enhance your learning today?
• Write your reflection answering all questions/below your summary.
• Complete your student progress chart
Have a nice day