Chapter 8

Self Produced▪ When programming is produced by the organization

distributing it.▪ HBO filming it’s own movies▪ ESPN covering games it broadcasts

Related & Non-related media▪ When media is shared between departments▪ NBC taking subsidiary hit program▪ Puts it on main network

▪ GE owned company sharing with other GE owned company▪ NBC CNBC MSNBC

Voice Tracking▪ Radio announcers intro’s & outro’s for many of the

companies stations Affiliate▪ Stations associated with a network▪ Programming content provided by the network

Non-Related▪ When companies not related through parent▪ Share programming with each other

Majors & Independents Programmers also get material from▪ Major production companies▪ (ones that also make movies)

Time Windows▪ The time from theatrical release to showing elsewhere

Independents▪ Private production companies paid to develop

shows/content

Syndicators▪ Buy old popular “Off-Net” programs▪ Present them to target audience

Not as effective today because of DVD’s of network shows

New TV programs, series & movies▪ Go through development phase

▪ They start with an idea As idea is expanded a PITCH is developed▪ Presented to network executives

Accepted pitches lead to a PILOT▪ Single show as it would be aired on TV

Other Challenges Executive Decisions▪ May want demographic changes▪ Age of lead▪ Location

▪ To go with SEQUEL to popular movie▪ SPIN-OFF TV show▪ Involves characters from popular series

Different than other programs & series▪ Content controlled by gatekeepers▪ Decisions are made quickly

News Gathering▪ Staff identifying & covering important stories▪ Assignment editor▪ Embedded▪ Stringers

▪ Scanners▪ Devices used to monitor police & fire radios

News Agencies/Wire services▪ Stories, Sound bites, Video

Public Contributions ▪ Calling in tips/leads▪ Sending in video▪ Phones, camcorders, etc

▪ Blogs Presentation▪ Television, online

Radio CLOCK - used to determine specific content▪ Traffic on the 1’s – What does this mean?

Dayparts▪ Morning drive (6-10 am), ▪ Midday (10 am-3 pm), ▪ Afternoon drive (3-7 pm), ▪ Evenings (7 pm-12 midnight), ▪ Overnight (midnight-6 am

Movies Many movies▪ Especially high budget ones▪ Typically released during summer & holidays▪ WHY?

Scheduling Factors DVR’s & DVD’s▪ Allow rearranging of original program schedule

Prime Time▪ Most important block in Television▪ WHY

Changes in shows▪ Cancellations▪ Moves to new times

Scheduling Strategies Block programming▪ Same type of shows shown all evening ▪ (sitcoms, drama, etc)

Hammocking▪ New series between two strong one

Tentpoling▪ New/Weak series before and after a strong one

Stripping▪ Same show, same time, every day

Several forms of drama▪ Soap Operas▪ Serialized to entice viewer to “tune in tomorrow”

▪ Anthology dramas▪ Individual stories ▪ Different characters in each (episode)

▪ Episodic serialized dramas▪ Set characters▪ Episodes cover complete storylines

▪ Miniseries & Docudramas

Mainstay of media▪ Sitcoms▪ Primary form of comedy▪ Started on radio, migrated to TV

▪ Other forms▪ SNL, skits▪ Variety shows▪ Stand up comedy

Comedy has been threatened by ▪ Reality TV

Started in the 50’s ▪ (candid camera)

Popularized in the 1990’s▪ Initially thought to be short lived▪ Low cost appealed to networks▪ Human element appealed to viewers

▪ CBS show Survivor (2000)▪ Solidified genre as appealing to audience

Term extended to other forms▪ American Idol, Who wants to be a millionaire

Longtime popular format▪ Started in radio▪ Migrated to TV

Quiz show scandals (1958)▪ Dealt temporary blow to genre

Eventually new shows helped re-establish genre▪ Jeopardy▪ Wheel of Fortune▪ What are some other?

American Bandstand▪ First hit music program on TV

1981 MTV introduced music video format▪ Most successful TV music concept

Music video popularity▪ Led to placement elsewhere▪ Commercials networks▪ Local stations▪ Cable stations

Criticized for possible negative impact on youth

Gatekeepers▪ Those in position to determine what information is

presented Variety▪ More and more news stations▪ Offer content to match numerous views▪ Liberal, conservative, etc

Politics▪ News delivers much political information▪ Can influence perceptions & outcomes

Criticisms▪ Lack of depth▪ Tasteless coverage of victims▪ Over coverage of tiresome stories ▪ Subjectivity/Bias

Radio Talk Shows Started as in studio interviews Today, telephones allow call in’s▪ Enhancing radio talk shows ▪ Involve in studio & audience

TV talk shows▪ 1947 Meet the press (Earliest TV talk show)▪ Interviews with political and social figures

Morning Talk Shows (Like Today show)▪ Interviews news, features, weather, etc

Evening Talk Shows (Like Tonight Show)▪ Start with a comical monologue▪ Followed by interviews▪ Focus on celebrity figures

Daytime Talk shows▪ More variety▪ Celebrities, unknown people, unusual stories

Part of Radio & Television▪ Since their beginning

▪ No consistent paid advertising▪ Request for donations are made

▪ Network may be ▪ One denomination▪ Interdenominational

Evangelistic nature of programs▪ Led to term televangelism

▪ Scandals have occurred over time▪ But today the industry is strong

Started on radio Saturday morning & mid afternoon▪ Why these times?

Children's TV Started with use of puppets▪ Such as (Howdy Doody)▪ What is the longest running kids show on commercial network TV?

ACT Action for Children's Television▪ Demanded changes in children's programs/commercials

▪ Children's shows have struggled to continue

▪ Telecommunications act of 1996 ▪ Required V-Chip