chapter 8 transport transport is the absorption and circulation within an organism
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter 8
Transport
![Page 2: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Transport
Is the absorption and circulation within an
organism
![Page 3: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Passive Transport
vs.
Active Transport
![Page 4: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Passive Transport
A type of transport in which materials move across the cell membrane without using energy
( high concentration to low concentration)
![Page 5: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Diffusion
The movement of particles from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration
![Page 6: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Osmosis
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration
Example of Passive transport
![Page 7: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Active Transport
A type of transport requiring energy to move materials across the cell membrane
(low concentration to high concentration)
![Page 8: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Concentration Gradient
The difference in concentration between a region of high
concentration and a region of low concentration
![Page 9: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
passive transportpassive transport the movement of materials the movement of materials across a plasma membrane across a plasma membrane in which the cell expends in which the cell expends
no energyno energy
•DiffusionDiffusion•OsmosisOsmosis
•PlasmolysisPlasmolysis•Facilitated DiffusionFacilitated Diffusion
active transport active transport the movement of materials against the movement of materials against
a concentration gradient (from a concentration gradient (from regions of low concentration to regions of low concentration to
regions of high concentration) buy regions of high concentration) buy using energy from ATPusing energy from ATP. .
•EndocytosisEndocytosis•Phagocytosis Phagocytosis •PinocytosisPinocytosis
•ExocytosisExocytosis
![Page 10: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Cell membrane
Made up of proteins and lipids
Also known as :
- plasma membrane
- selective membrane
Is semipermeable membrane
Water molecules are small enough to easily diffuse across the cell membrane
![Page 11: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Cytoplasm
Lipids
Protein
![Page 13: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
I. Absorption
![Page 14: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Absorption
The passage of materials across the cell membrane
and into the cell
![Page 15: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
CirculationThe movement of materials within a cell and/or throughout an organism
a) intracellular circulation within the cell
(cyclosis)Endoplasmic reticulum
b) Intercellular circulation blood circulation throughout body
heart, blood vessels, capillaries Gastrovascular cavity
![Page 16: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
II. Circulation
![Page 17: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Intracellular Circulation
Circulation within the cell
Ex: Cyclosis
![Page 18: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Intracellular Circulation(Cyclosis)
![Page 19: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Intercellular Circulation
Circulation outside of the cell
Ex: blood, heart,
![Page 20: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
III. Organisms
![Page 21: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Transport in Vascular Plants
Plants have vascular (conducting) tissue known as xylem and phloem
1. Xylem- carries water and dissolved materials upward from the roots to the stems and leaves.
2. Phloem- carries food (glucose) and other organic compounds from the leaves throughout the rest of the plant.
![Page 22: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Roots
Roots are structures that specialize in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil, and the
movement of these materials upward to the stem
![Page 23: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Root Hairs
Found on roots
Increase surface area for water absorption
![Page 24: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Stems
Structure is more complex than roots
The xylem and phloem tubes are continuous with the xylem and phloem of the roots
![Page 25: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Leaves
The xylem and phloem tubes in the leaves are in vascular bundles called veins
The xylem and phloem tubes are continuous with the xylem and phloem of the roots and stems
![Page 26: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Bryophytes
vs.
Tracheophytes
![Page 27: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Tale of Two Plants
TracheophytesHas Vascular tissue Xylem, phloem
More complexTrue roots, stems, leavesTrees, flowers, bushes, Vegetables,
Grasses, etc
BryophytesLacks Vascular tissueMust be in moist Env.Limited growth capabilitiesSimple plantsNO true roots, stems, leavesMosses + liverworts
![Page 28: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Bryophytes
Are simple, multicellular organisms that lack vascular tissue (xylem and phloem)
Therefore, transport is done by diffusion through cell membrane
![Page 29: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Bryophytes- The Bryophytes
have- no true roots,
stems or leaves. - No vascular tissue
(no tubes)- Ex: moss -
![Page 30: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Tracheophytes
Are higher, more complex multicellular organisms that have vascular tissue for transport
![Page 31: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Tracheophytes
- 2. Tracheophytes- Have true roots, stems, and leaves.
- Have vascular tissue- Ex: trees and
flowering plants
![Page 32: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Chloroplast
O2
Sugars
CO2
Light-Dependent Reactions
CalvinCycle
NADPH
ATP
ADP + PNADP+Chloroplast
Section 8-3
Figure 8-7 Photosynthesis: An Overview
Lightwater
Review
![Page 33: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Leaf Cross Section
Veins
Xylem
PhloemVein
Cuticle
Epidermis
Palisademesophyll
Epidermis
Stoma
Guardcells
Spongymesophyll
![Page 34: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Root Longitudinal Section ( #7 )
![Page 35: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Section 23-2
Figure 23–9 Water Transport in a Root
![Page 36: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Section Outline
23–5 Transport in PlantsA. Water Transport
1. Capillary Action
2. Transpiration
3. Controlling Transpiration
4. Transpiration and Wilting
B. Nutrient Transport
1. Functions of Phloem
2. Movement From Source to Sink
![Page 37: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Stomates and Guard cells
![Page 38: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Diagram #1-342
Stomates and Guard cells
a specialized cell on the undersurface of leaves for controlling gas exchange and water loss.
The Guard cells control the stomatal openings in the epidermis of the leaf.
![Page 39: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Gas Exchange : Lenticels
a spongy area present in the cork (bark) surfaces of the stems, roots, and other parts of vascular plants. It appears on the surface as a lenticular (lens-shaped) spot, which acts as a pore. These structures allow for the exchange of gases between the internal tissues and atmosphere to occur across the bark which would otherwise prevent this exchange of gases.
![Page 40: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Water Movement
Movement of nutrients and water from the ground and into the root hairs involve the following:
1. Diffusion (nutrients in) 2. Osmosis (water in)
![Page 41: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Transpiration
The evaporation of water from the leaves through the stomatesTranspiration calls for the need of more water in the leaves, and as a result, water is pulled upward to replace the water that has evaporated
![Page 42: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Transpirational Pull
The upward pull of water through the xylem due to
transpiration
![Page 43: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves.
Pull of water molecules upward from the roots.
A B
Transpirationvideo 23.a
![Page 44: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Evaporation of water molecules out of leaves.
Pull of water molecules upward from the roots.
A B
Transpiration
![Page 45: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Transport videos
Transpiration video 23.a
Translocation 23.b
![Page 46: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Section 23-5
Movementof water
Movementof sugar
Sugarmolecules
Source cell
Sink cell
Phloem Xylem
Figure 23–24 Phloem Transport
![Page 47: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Organisms
Protists Ameoba Paramecium
Animals Hydra Earthworm Grasshopper
![Page 48: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Kingdom: Protista
Oxygen
CO2
Phylum: Protozoan, Amoeba (ameba)
Metabolic Waste
![Page 49: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Kingdom: ProtistaPhylum: Protozoan, Paramecium
Posterior Contractile
vacuole
Plasma membrane
Anterior Contractile
vacuole
cytoplasm
![Page 50: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Circulation in Protista
Phylum: ProtozoanEx. Amoeba, Paramecium
No specialized transport system
Materials enter and leave by:diffusion and active transportUses contractile vacuoles
Ex. Oxygen, carbon dioxide
![Page 51: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Invertebrates Review
Arthropod
Annelid
Flatworm
Cnidarian
Mouth/anus
Mouth/anusMouth
Mouth
Gastrovascularcavity
Gastrovascularcavity
Pharynx
Pharynx
PharynxCrop
Crop
Gizzard
Intestine
Intestine
Rectum
Anus
Anus
Stomachand
digestive glands
![Page 52: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Coelenterate
AKA: Cnidarian
Mouth/anus
Gastrovascularcavity
![Page 53: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Cnidaria Review:
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Coelenterates or Cnidaria
Simple multicellular organisms 2 cell layers thick, endo and ectodermic layers Every cell in contact with the environment Carries out Extracellular circulation in Gastrovascular cavity (GVC)
Diffusion of gasses in and outIngests nutrients by Phagocytosis
Carries out Intracellular Circulation by Cyclosis and diffusion
![Page 54: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Annelida
Anus
Clitellum
Circular muscle
Longitudinalmuscle
Nephridia Ganglia Ringvessels
Reproductiveorgans
Ventralblood vessel
Ganglion
Brain
Mouth
Dorsalblood vessel
CropGizzardBody segments
Setae
Prentice Hall chapter 27
![Page 55: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Annelida
Annelida AKA Segmented Worms
Skin is moist for oxygen permeability
Closed Circulatory system
Blood contains IRON bases PROTEIN HEMOGLOBIN. Red color
Double diffusion of O2 through skin then body cells
Absorbs digested end products using typhlosole
![Page 56: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Phylum: AnnelidsPhylum: Annelids(Segmented worms)(Segmented worms)
![Page 57: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Transport Similarities
Insect:Open Circulatory
System
Annelid:Closed Circulatory
System
Heartlikestructures
Bloodvessels
Heartlike structure
Bloodvessels
Hearts
Heart
Sinusesand organs
![Page 58: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Arthropoda
![Page 59: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: Arthropoda
Open circulatory system, meaning the blood flows into the tissue and comes into direct contact with all the cells. Blood is transparent-green, lacks iron based hemoglobin. ITS COPPER BASED Blood only carries nutrients. NO GASESSpecial tubes transport the oxygen and carbon dioxide. Has only one blood vessel, the aortaHeart pumps the blood through the aorta and into the tissue or body spaces where materials are exchanged. The blood returns to the heart through valve like openings in the heart wall. SINUSES
![Page 60: Chapter 8 Transport Transport Is the absorption and circulation within an organism](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062409/56649f1e5503460f94c356d0/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)