CHAPTER 8 VOCAB

Type of cell division used by organisms to grow bigger, repair injuries, and replace worn out cells.

Condition in which a cell has grown so large its DNA is unable to keep up with the demand for information

mitosis

DNA Overload

2 identical arms that make up a chromosome

chromatids

2 matching chromosomes that are thesame size, same shape, and carry genesfor the same traits.

HOMOLOGOUS

Molecules that control the cell

cyclins

Spot in the center of a chromosomethat holds the chromatid arms together

centromere

Phase of mitosis in which two nuclei are visible, the nucleus returns, spindle fibers disappear, and DNA spreads out as chromatin

telophase

Pinched in place in an animal cellmembrane during cytokinesis

Cleavage furrow

Type of nuclear division that produces 2 daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell

mitosis

Type of division used by bacteria to reproduce

Binary fission

Phase in which the cytoplasm issplit between the 2 daughter cells

cytokinesis

1st phase of mitosis in which thenucleus disappears and centrioles and spindle fibers appear.

prophase

Disease in which body cells lose their ability to control cell division

cancer

Repeating sequence of events thatcells go through during their lifetime

Cell cycle

Phase in which the nucleus divides

mitosis

Phase in which cells grow and matureand where they spend most of theirlife

G1

Area next to the nucleus in which the centrioles are found that organizes the formation of the spindle

centrosomes

Substance that causes cancer

carcinogen

Phase in which the chromosomesline up in the middle of the cell

metaphase

Phase in which cells make the molecules and organelles needed forcell division

G2

Phase in which the DNA is copied

S or SYNTHESIS

Phase in which cells leave the cycleand stop dividing all together

G0

Phase in which chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell anaphase

Fibers made of microtubules whichpull the chromosomes apart duringcell division

Spindle fibers

Dividing wall that forms during cytokinesis in a plant cell to separate the 2 daughter cells

Cell plate

DNA that is spread out in the nucleusof a non-dividing cell

chromatin

DNA that is scrunched up into bundles in a dividing cell

chromosomes

Dark spot in the nucleus of a cell that makes ribosomes

nucleolus

Process by which a normal cellbecomes a cancer cell

transformation

Substance that can damage DNAand cause cancer

carcinogen

Enzyme that replaces the protective telomeres on the ends of chromosomes

telomerase

The shut down of cell division incells when they touch neighboringcells

Contact inhibition

Spread of cancer cells to a newplace in the body

metastasis

Protective ends on the tips ofchromosomes

telomeres

The requirement that dividing cellsneed to be attached to a surface in order to divide

Anchorage dependence

Gene that turns on DNA repair and apoptosis genes and controls the passage of cells into cell division which is often mutated in cancer cells

p53