chapter 8 yes, you’re taking notes, didn’t i just give you an outline?
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 8
Yes yoursquore taking notes didnrsquot I just give you an outline
Motion
What is motion
If I threw a ball from here to there can you tell me when the ball is in motion and when it isnt
Motion = ∆ location
bull In math ∆ means change in
bull What could affect the motion of the ball
ndashHow hard I throw the ballhellip I can change the speed
bull Change in speedndash Faster means it has to go the same distance in
a shorter timendash Slower means it has to go the same distance
in a longer timebull Think about when youre running to class
Gym - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Classroomndash When you are late to classhellip you run through
the hallsndash When you are earlyhellip you strut down the halls
Speed
Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time
Various speeds
bull These are all different numbers that have the same valueshellip they have different units of measure
bull Note Always pay close attention to units of measure your units should always agree with whats asked for in a question
To be measured
Miles per hour
Mile per second
Feet per second
Turtle 025 000006 03
Rifle bullet 2045 057 3000
Columbia shuttle
12000 33 17598
Earths orbit 40000 111 58666
bull Speed = how fast something is moving
ndash on average = over time = AVERAGE SPEED
ndashat an exact moment = INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
Average speed = Total Distance traveled Time taken
to travel Distance
bull Average speed = The average overall speed on a trip
ndashExample 2 hours in the car to travel a distance of 100 miles
ndashEquation 100 miles = 50 MPH 2 hours
bull Instantaneous speed = The speed you are traveling at that exact moment
ndashExample During a 2 hour trip over 100 miles
bull stop at a red light = 0 MPH
bull speed at 75 MPH on the highway
bull slowly driving at 25 MPH past a school
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Motion
What is motion
If I threw a ball from here to there can you tell me when the ball is in motion and when it isnt
Motion = ∆ location
bull In math ∆ means change in
bull What could affect the motion of the ball
ndashHow hard I throw the ballhellip I can change the speed
bull Change in speedndash Faster means it has to go the same distance in
a shorter timendash Slower means it has to go the same distance
in a longer timebull Think about when youre running to class
Gym - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Classroomndash When you are late to classhellip you run through
the hallsndash When you are earlyhellip you strut down the halls
Speed
Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time
Various speeds
bull These are all different numbers that have the same valueshellip they have different units of measure
bull Note Always pay close attention to units of measure your units should always agree with whats asked for in a question
To be measured
Miles per hour
Mile per second
Feet per second
Turtle 025 000006 03
Rifle bullet 2045 057 3000
Columbia shuttle
12000 33 17598
Earths orbit 40000 111 58666
bull Speed = how fast something is moving
ndash on average = over time = AVERAGE SPEED
ndashat an exact moment = INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
Average speed = Total Distance traveled Time taken
to travel Distance
bull Average speed = The average overall speed on a trip
ndashExample 2 hours in the car to travel a distance of 100 miles
ndashEquation 100 miles = 50 MPH 2 hours
bull Instantaneous speed = The speed you are traveling at that exact moment
ndashExample During a 2 hour trip over 100 miles
bull stop at a red light = 0 MPH
bull speed at 75 MPH on the highway
bull slowly driving at 25 MPH past a school
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Motion = ∆ location
bull In math ∆ means change in
bull What could affect the motion of the ball
ndashHow hard I throw the ballhellip I can change the speed
bull Change in speedndash Faster means it has to go the same distance in
a shorter timendash Slower means it has to go the same distance
in a longer timebull Think about when youre running to class
Gym - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Classroomndash When you are late to classhellip you run through
the hallsndash When you are earlyhellip you strut down the halls
Speed
Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time
Various speeds
bull These are all different numbers that have the same valueshellip they have different units of measure
bull Note Always pay close attention to units of measure your units should always agree with whats asked for in a question
To be measured
Miles per hour
Mile per second
Feet per second
Turtle 025 000006 03
Rifle bullet 2045 057 3000
Columbia shuttle
12000 33 17598
Earths orbit 40000 111 58666
bull Speed = how fast something is moving
ndash on average = over time = AVERAGE SPEED
ndashat an exact moment = INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
Average speed = Total Distance traveled Time taken
to travel Distance
bull Average speed = The average overall speed on a trip
ndashExample 2 hours in the car to travel a distance of 100 miles
ndashEquation 100 miles = 50 MPH 2 hours
bull Instantaneous speed = The speed you are traveling at that exact moment
ndashExample During a 2 hour trip over 100 miles
bull stop at a red light = 0 MPH
bull speed at 75 MPH on the highway
bull slowly driving at 25 MPH past a school
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull Change in speedndash Faster means it has to go the same distance in
a shorter timendash Slower means it has to go the same distance
in a longer timebull Think about when youre running to class
Gym - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -Classroomndash When you are late to classhellip you run through
the hallsndash When you are earlyhellip you strut down the halls
Speed
Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time
Various speeds
bull These are all different numbers that have the same valueshellip they have different units of measure
bull Note Always pay close attention to units of measure your units should always agree with whats asked for in a question
To be measured
Miles per hour
Mile per second
Feet per second
Turtle 025 000006 03
Rifle bullet 2045 057 3000
Columbia shuttle
12000 33 17598
Earths orbit 40000 111 58666
bull Speed = how fast something is moving
ndash on average = over time = AVERAGE SPEED
ndashat an exact moment = INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
Average speed = Total Distance traveled Time taken
to travel Distance
bull Average speed = The average overall speed on a trip
ndashExample 2 hours in the car to travel a distance of 100 miles
ndashEquation 100 miles = 50 MPH 2 hours
bull Instantaneous speed = The speed you are traveling at that exact moment
ndashExample During a 2 hour trip over 100 miles
bull stop at a red light = 0 MPH
bull speed at 75 MPH on the highway
bull slowly driving at 25 MPH past a school
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Speed
Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time
Various speeds
bull These are all different numbers that have the same valueshellip they have different units of measure
bull Note Always pay close attention to units of measure your units should always agree with whats asked for in a question
To be measured
Miles per hour
Mile per second
Feet per second
Turtle 025 000006 03
Rifle bullet 2045 057 3000
Columbia shuttle
12000 33 17598
Earths orbit 40000 111 58666
bull Speed = how fast something is moving
ndash on average = over time = AVERAGE SPEED
ndashat an exact moment = INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
Average speed = Total Distance traveled Time taken
to travel Distance
bull Average speed = The average overall speed on a trip
ndashExample 2 hours in the car to travel a distance of 100 miles
ndashEquation 100 miles = 50 MPH 2 hours
bull Instantaneous speed = The speed you are traveling at that exact moment
ndashExample During a 2 hour trip over 100 miles
bull stop at a red light = 0 MPH
bull speed at 75 MPH on the highway
bull slowly driving at 25 MPH past a school
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Various speeds
bull These are all different numbers that have the same valueshellip they have different units of measure
bull Note Always pay close attention to units of measure your units should always agree with whats asked for in a question
To be measured
Miles per hour
Mile per second
Feet per second
Turtle 025 000006 03
Rifle bullet 2045 057 3000
Columbia shuttle
12000 33 17598
Earths orbit 40000 111 58666
bull Speed = how fast something is moving
ndash on average = over time = AVERAGE SPEED
ndashat an exact moment = INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
Average speed = Total Distance traveled Time taken
to travel Distance
bull Average speed = The average overall speed on a trip
ndashExample 2 hours in the car to travel a distance of 100 miles
ndashEquation 100 miles = 50 MPH 2 hours
bull Instantaneous speed = The speed you are traveling at that exact moment
ndashExample During a 2 hour trip over 100 miles
bull stop at a red light = 0 MPH
bull speed at 75 MPH on the highway
bull slowly driving at 25 MPH past a school
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull Speed = how fast something is moving
ndash on average = over time = AVERAGE SPEED
ndashat an exact moment = INSTANTANEOUS SPEED
Average speed = Total Distance traveled Time taken
to travel Distance
bull Average speed = The average overall speed on a trip
ndashExample 2 hours in the car to travel a distance of 100 miles
ndashEquation 100 miles = 50 MPH 2 hours
bull Instantaneous speed = The speed you are traveling at that exact moment
ndashExample During a 2 hour trip over 100 miles
bull stop at a red light = 0 MPH
bull speed at 75 MPH on the highway
bull slowly driving at 25 MPH past a school
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Average speed = Total Distance traveled Time taken
to travel Distance
bull Average speed = The average overall speed on a trip
ndashExample 2 hours in the car to travel a distance of 100 miles
ndashEquation 100 miles = 50 MPH 2 hours
bull Instantaneous speed = The speed you are traveling at that exact moment
ndashExample During a 2 hour trip over 100 miles
bull stop at a red light = 0 MPH
bull speed at 75 MPH on the highway
bull slowly driving at 25 MPH past a school
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull Instantaneous speed = The speed you are traveling at that exact moment
ndashExample During a 2 hour trip over 100 miles
bull stop at a red light = 0 MPH
bull speed at 75 MPH on the highway
bull slowly driving at 25 MPH past a school
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Image for remembering equations for speed math problems
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
VelocityVelocity = Speed and direction
ndashMeasured by a speedometer and a compass
bull Velocity = ∆ Distance + direction of movement
∆ Timebull In this class we will use the terms
interchangeablyhellip and imply the directionbull However
CONSTANT SPEED ne CONSTANT VELOCITY
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
The car can be traveling at the same speed but has changes in direction
bull Changes in velocity can have different causes
ndash ∆ V = same speed + ∆ direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + same direction
ndash ∆ V = ∆ speed + ∆ direction
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
bull If we know the average speed we can plot the time and distance along a trip
Distances Traveled (miles)
Time (hours)
Car A at
15 MPH
Car B at
30 MPH
Car C at
60 MPH
05 75 15 30
1 15 30 60
15 225 45 90
2 30 60 120
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Car Speed
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
0 05 1 15 2 25
Time (hours)
Dis
t m
iles
Car A
Car B
Car C
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull What do you notice about the 3 lines on the Car Speed graph
ndashSteepness of line = greater the slope of the line
ndashthe greater the slope the faster the speed of the car
ndash slope = ∆ Y or rise
∆ X run
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
ndash If distance is placed on the y-axis and time is placed on the x-axis
Velocity = ∆ D = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
bull So Velocity = Slope of line
Car A Slow Gradual line
Car B Medium Medium
Car C Fast Steep line
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
What can you tell from different graphs
bull 3 Different objects moving at 3 different speeds
T
D
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull Stopped Object Time passes but distance does not change
bull No movement T
D
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull Backward moving objecthellip
bull The distance is decreasing so there is movement towards the source
T
D
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull Circular Motion Time passes as the same distances are revisited like a race track
T
D
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull Series of motions
bull Rest-forward-rest-backward-rest
bull Note does not represent the profile of the terrain
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull What do we know about movement
bull 1 ndash rest
bull 2 ndash gradual movement forward
bull 3 ndash rest
bull 4 ndash backward movement
bull 5 ndash rest
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
bull 1 ndash You are halfway up a hill at rest holding a wagon
bull 2 ndash You start moving uphillbull 3 ndash You take a restbull 4 ndash The wagon handle slips
out of you hand and travels backward down the hill
bull 5 ndash The wagon stops moving at the bottom of the hill
1
2
3
4
5
T
D
bull What could be a possible explanation pulling a wagon uphill
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
In your head you can probably converthellip
hellip inches to feet
sure 12 in = 1 ft
hellip inches to yards
okay 3 ft in 1 yd = 36 in
hellip inches to miles
um probably not
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull FAQ When I convert from inches to yards or yards to inches when do I multiply and when do I divide
bull The easiest way to approach these unit conversions is by using dimensional analysis
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
There are 4 rules1 If you use only one unit to start put it over a
12 Determine the conversion factors (Ex 12
inches = 1 ft) and put into a fraction3 Properly place the conversion factors in an
equation4 Check cancellations of units so that you are
left with the unit you were looking for on the top of a division bar The units that are canceled should be on opposite sides of the division bar
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Example 1 How many feet in 13 in 1 112 or 1083 ftStep 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 inches
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 foot or 12 inches 12 inches 1 foot
Step 3hellip place factors 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12 inches
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 inches x 1 foot 1 12
inches
13 inches = 1083 ft
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Example 2 Convert 13 inches into yards
Step 1hellip starting with 13 sohellip 13 in
1
Step 2hellip conversion factors 1 ft 1 yd
12 in 3 ft
Step 3hellip place factors 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd =
1 12 in 3 ft
Step 4hellip check cancellations 13 in x 1 ft x 1 yd
1 12 in 3 ft
13 in = 036 yd
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Example 3 Convert 2 years into seconds
2 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min x 60 sec
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h 1 min
2 yrs = 63072000 sec
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Example 4 Convert 4 decades into minutes
4 dec x 10 yrs x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 dec 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 decades = 21024000 m
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Example 5 I am 5rsquo 3rdquo or (5 x 12) + 3 = 63 inches tall How many cm tall am I
63 in x 256 cm =
1 1 in
63 in = 1601 cm
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Dimensional Analysis Worksheet
1 In New Jersey students in public schools go to school for 4 years How many minutes are students enrolled in high school
4 years x 365 days x 24 h x 60 min
1 1 yr 1 day 1 h
4 yrs = 2102400 min
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
2 Alaynarsquos dog is 3 ft tall What is the dogrsquos height in mm
3 ft x 12 in x 254 cm x 10 mm
1 1 ft 1 in 1 cm
3 ft = 9144 mm
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
3 Brian and Jesse were on a bus trip going 50 MPH For some extra fun they decided to convert the busrsquos speed into kmh What should their answer be
50 miles x 161 km 1 hr 1 mile
50 MPH = 805 kmh
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
4 Driving home from practice Alexrsquos mother was driving at a speed of 30 ms What was their speed in kmh
30 m x 1 km x 60 s x 60 min 1 s 1000 m 1 min 1 h
30 ms = 108 kmh
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
5 Saskia was riding her bike down the road at a speed of 5 kmh What was her speed in ms
5 km x 1000 m x 1 hr x 1 min 1 h 1 km 60 min 60 s
5 kmh = 139 ms
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Class experiment
1 Determine how tall you are in inches
2 Using the conversion factor 1 mile = 161 km determine how tall you are in cm
3 Check your answer with a meter stick
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
AccelerationWhen you accelerate what are you doing
Speeding uphellip accelerating
When you slow down what are you doing
Decelerating
In physics we use the same term ldquoaccelerationrdquo for both speeding up and slowing down We distinguish between the two by assigning positive or negative values
+ acceleration as in speeding up positive
- acceleration as in slowing down negative
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Acceleration = the change in velocity over time
- measured in ms or ms2
s
Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time
∆ Time
Given an object moving in a circle
- ∆ velocity due to a ∆ direction
- if ∆ velocity the ∆ acceleration as well
- circular motion = ∆ D = ∆ V = ∆ A
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Graphing Acceleration
A = ∆ V and slope = ∆ Y
∆ T ∆ X
Acceleration = ∆ V = ∆ Y = Slope of line
∆ T ∆ X
So Acceleration = Slope of line
Steep slope = fast movement
Gradual slope = slow movement
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Acceleration Deceleration
V
T
V
T
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Steepness of the line indicates the degree of acceleration
V
T
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
V
T
Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
Velocity = ∆ Distance Acceleration = ∆ Velocity
∆ Time ∆ Time
D
T
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
These two lines indicate the exact same thing the same rate of acceleration
bull Acceleration = + slope
bull Deceleration = - slope
T
V
+ slope
- slope
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
When object is a rest Velocity is zero
If ∆ Distance = 0 then ∆ Velocityhellip so Acceleration = 0
D
T
V
T
0
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
When acceleration equals zero
A= ∆ V no change in velocity
∆ T Time will always pass
No change in velocity
- no velocity ndash V = 0 then object is at rest
- constant velocity - ∆ V = Vfinal ndash Vinitial
Vf = 50 milesh and Vi = 50 milesh
Then ∆ V = 0
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
If acceleration = zero you are either stopped or on cruise control
To determine which you must find if there is a change in distance
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
How it all fits togetherFrom Motion Acceleration only one variable is
added at a time1 Motion = ∆ Distance2 Speed = ∆ Distance
∆ Time3 Velocity = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time4 Acceleration = ∆ Distance + Direction
∆ Time∆ Time
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Momentum
When an object is in motion we think velocity However we must not forget Momentum ndash which is also acting on the object
Momentum = a quantity defined as the product of an objectrsquos mass and its velocity - In a formula P = momentum- momentum moves in the same direction as the velocity
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
P = Mass x Velocity
- Measured in kgms
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Momentum and ∆ Velocity
- large momentum difficult to change velocity
- small momentum easier to change velocity
Class Experiment Red light green light
Stationary objects have momentum of zero
Why No motion = no speed = no velocity = no momentum
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Momentum is directly proportional to masshellip momentum increases as mass increases
P
Mass (kg)
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Force
Force = the cause of acceleration or a change in velocity
- force is measured in units called Newtons
Net force = the combination of all the forces acting upon an object
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull The size of the arrow represents the amount of forcehellip
bull The arrows are the same so there is no movement
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Friction
Friction = the force between two objects in contact that opposes the motion of either object
Pretend you are in a helicopter looking down on a ski slope in early springhellip The ice is meltinghellip Patches of dirt and gravel begin to showhellip
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
How much friction
Skis + snow = little frictionhellip skis move over snow
Skis + dirt = a lot of frictionhellip skis do not move over dirt
Air resistance is a type of friction
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Gravity
Gravity = Force of attraction between 2 objects due to their masses
The force of gravity is different on different planets moons etc
On earth g = 98ms2
Gravity depends upon the masses as well as the distance between objects
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
Newtonrsquos 1st Law- the law of inertia
An object at rest remains at rest and an object in motion remains in motion unless it experiences an unbalanced force
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull Example 1 Whiplash ndash Person B is stopped at a traffic light Person A is not paying attention and rear-ends Person B
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
bull Result Person B moves forward suddenlyhellip Their head snaps back as it attempts to ldquoremain at restrdquo Their body attached to the seat moves forwardhellip their head snaps forward to catch up with the body resulting in whiplash
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Example 2 Bus ride - The bus driver does not like children Every time they get too loud he slams on the breaks Why does he do this
Inertia = The tendency of an object to remain at rest or in motion with a constant velocity All objects have inertia because they resist changes in motion
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Trivia If two people on a space ship (in space) get into a physical fight which will win
Person A Person B
Even though they are weightlesshellip there is no gravity Person A has a greater mass therefore a greater inertia
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Newtonrsquos 2nd law of Motion- the law of acceleration
bull The unbalanced force acting on an object equals the objectrsquos mass times its acceleration
bull Force = Mass x Acceleration
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Example pushing a cart
The greater the mass the more force needed to cause acceleration
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Bumper cars
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Newtonrsquos 3rd law of Motion- the law of interaction
bull For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction force
bull Forces occur in pairs
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-
Example Holding up a wall
- Chapter 8
- Motion
- Slide 3
- Slide 4
- Speed
- Slide 6
- Slide 7
- Slide 8
- Slide 9
- Slide 10
- Velocity
- Slide 12
- Mathematical ndash Graphic Representations of Velocity
- Slide 14
- Slide 15
- Slide 16
- Graphing Velocity (Average Speed)
- Slide 18
- Slide 19
- Slide 20
- Slide 21
- Velocity Graphs and Profiles of Terrain
- Slide 23
- Dimensional Analysis ndash Unit Analysis
- Slide 25
- Slide 26
- Slide 27
- Slide 28
- Slide 29
- Slide 30
- Slide 31
- Slide 32
- Slide 33
- Slide 34
- Slide 35
- Slide 36
- Slide 37
- Acceleration
- Slide 39
- Slide 40
- Graphing Acceleration
- Slide 42
- Slide 43
- Comparing Velocity and Acceleration
- Slide 45
- Slide 46
- Slide 47
- Slide 48
- How it all fits together
- Momentum
- Slide 51
- Slide 52
- Slide 53
- Force
- Slide 55
- Slide 56
- Friction
- Slide 58
- Gravity
- Newtonrsquos Laws of Motion
- Slide 61
- Slide 62
- Slide 63
- Slide 64
- Slide 65
- Slide 66
- Slide 67
- Slide 68
- Slide 69
- Slide 70
-