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CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

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CHAPTER 8B REVIEW. MITOSIS a. 2n to 2n (diploid to diploid) b. forms cells identical to parent cell. MEIOSIS a. 2n to n (diploid to haploid) b. forms cells different from parent cell. ESSAY #1. MITOSIS c. 1 divison d. forms 2 daughter cells e. makes somatic cells. MEIOSIS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Page 2: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

ESSAY #1

• MITOSISa. 2n to 2n(diploid to

diploid)b. forms cells

identical to parent cell

• MEIOSIS• a. 2n to n• (diploid to

haploid)• b. forms cells

different from parent cell

Page 3: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

ESSAY #1 (cont.)

• MITOSIS

• c. 1 divison

• d. forms 2 daughter cells

• e. makes somatic cells

• MEIOSIS

• c. 2 divisions

• d. forms 4 daughter cells

• e. makes sex cells

Page 4: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

ESSAY #2

• HOW IS A KARYOTYPE MADE?• A. Blood is separated with a

centrifuge (fluid plasma on top and cells on bottom)

• B. A hypotonic solution is added to break the cell membrane of the RBC

Page 5: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

• C. White blood cells are used

• D. Cells stopped in metaphase with colchicine

• E. Arranged by size, shape, bars matching

Page 6: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

ESSAY #3

• Each of the disorders is a 5 point essay:• DOWN SYNDROME-• 1. round face• 2. small teeth• 3. flat bridge on nose• 4. mentally challenged• 5. susceptible to respiratory problems,

Alzheimers• Trisomy 21• Short stature

Page 7: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

ESSAY #3

• KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME (do 5)• A. small testes• B. infertile (cannot bear children)• C. breast development• D. rounded hips• E. XXY (you may only use one of the

chromosome letters)• F. poor beard growth

Page 8: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

ESSAY #3

• TURNER SYNDROME• A. small ovaries• B. infertile (cannot bear children)• C. web of skin between head and

shoulders• D. poor breast development• E. XO• F. short stature

Page 9: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

1. Somatic or Sex Cell?

• Skin• Somatic• Sperm• Sex• Blood• Somatic• Egg• sex

Page 10: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

2. Difference between…

• Sex chromosomes and autosomes?

• ANSWER: Sex chromosomes are X and Y (usually #23)

Autosomes are rest of chromosomes, in human karyotype #1-22

Page 11: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

3. What is the difference…

• Between diploid and haploid (and symbols)?

• ANSWER:Diploid is 2n with 2 sets of chromosomes in a cell

• Haploid is n with one set of chromosmes in a cell

Page 12: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

#4

• What are homologous chromosomes?

• ANSWER: two sister chromatids from the father and two sister

chromatids from the

mother with the same

inherited characteristics

Page 13: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

#5

• What is the diploid and the haploid number for humans?

• ANSWER: diploid – 2n = 46

• haploid – n = 23

Page 14: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

#6 Karyotypes: Which is it?

• Klinefelter’s

• Turner’s

• Normal Male

• Normal Female

• Normal Female

• Due to XX

Page 15: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Which does not belong?

• Skin cell

• Diploid

• Gamete

• Somatic cell

• ANSWER: gamete

Page 16: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Which does not belong?

• 2N

• Haploid

• Gamete

• Sperm

• Egg

• ANSWER: 2N

Page 17: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

6. Which is not a male?• XXY• XY• XO• XXXY• Which is the normal male?• XO is not a male and XY is the

normal male

Page 18: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

7. Which phase lasts the longest?

• Prophase I

• Metaphase I

• Prophase II

• Metaphase II

• Prophase I (Think!! a lot goes on here)

Page 19: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Meiosis or Mitosis?

• Makes cells that are haploid?

• Meiosis

• Makes cells that are diploid?

• Mitosis

• Makes sex cells

• meiosis

Page 20: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

What is the difference between

• A gamete and a zygote?

• A gamete is a sex cell (like egg and sperm) and a zygote if a fertilized egg (the joining of egg and sperm)

Page 21: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

8. And 10.How are they related?

• Tetrad and synapsis

• Tetrad are 4 homologous chromosomes and synapsis is the joining of these 4 to form a tetrad

Page 22: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

8. In what phase…

• Does synapsis (joining of tetrads) form?

• Prophase I

• Prophase II

• Metaphase I

• Metaphase II

• ANSWER: Prophase 1

Page 23: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

9. Crossover

• When does it occur?

• During prophase I

• Between which two chromosomes does it occur?

• Inner two of a tetrad

• What is the site where it occurs?

• chiasma

Page 24: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

11. What is a chiasma?

A

B

C

Page 25: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

11. CHIASMA ANSWER

Point where crossing over occurs between two inner chromosomes

Page 26: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

12.Hair color

• Is a gene on a chromosome. The variations of it, such as brown, red, or black would be known as _________.

• Alleles are the choices of a gene

Page 27: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

13. + 23. How many possible combinations?

• What is the formula?

• 2n

• What does n stand for?

• Haploid number

• How many combos if n = 2?

• 4

Page 28: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

13. (cont.) How many possible combinations?

• How many combos if n = 3?

• 8 = (2 x 2 x 2)

• How many combos if n = 23?

• About 8 million

Page 29: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

14. Karyotypes: Which is it?

• Klinefelter’s

• Turner’s

• Normal Male

• Normal Female

• ANSWER: Turner’s

Page 30: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

14. Karyotypes: Which is it?

• Klinefelter’s

• Turner’s

• Normal Male

• Normal Female

• ANSWER: Normal Male

Page 31: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

14. Karyotypes: Which is it?

• Klinefelter’s

• Turner’s

• Normal Male

• Normal Female

• ANSWER: Klinefelter’s

Page 32: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Name the disorder:

• XO

• Turner’s syndrome

• XXXY

• Klinefelter’s syndrome

• Trisomy 21

• Down Syndrome

Page 33: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

15.What type of mutation?

• Duplication• Insertion• Deletion• Translocation• Inversion• Duplication

Page 34: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

15. What type of mutation?

• Insertion• Deletion• Translocation• Inversion

• Deletion

Page 35: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

15. What type of mutation?

• Insertion• Deletion• Translocation• Inversion

• Inversion

Page 36: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

15. What type of mutation?

• Insertion• Deletion• Translocation• Inversion• Translocation

Page 37: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Just Checking: What is this showing?

• Crossing over• It occurs during what phase?

• Prophase I

Page 38: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

16. What is CML?

• A cancer caused by the translocation of chromosome _________ and ________.

• 9 and 22

Page 39: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

In case you wondered…CML

• Also called: The Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph1)

• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Page 40: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

17. If the testicle cell has

• 50 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does the sperm have?100 50 25 10

• ANSWER: 25

Page 41: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

18. What are the chances?

• That a female with Down Syndrome will have a child with Down Syndrome?

100% 75% 50% 25% 0%

• ANSWER: 50%

Page 42: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Give the missing info

• If the Diploid Number is…

• 46

• 18

• 72

• Then the Hapoid Number is…

• 23

• 9

• 36

Page 43: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

19. Which part of Meiosis…

• Is like mitosis (except it has two cells)?

• Meiosis I

• Meiosis II

• ANSWER: Meiosis II

Page 44: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

21. Who determines…

• The sex of the offspring? Father or mother

• FATHER

• WHY?

• If he donates an X = child is girl (XX)

• If he donates a Y = child is a boy (XY)

• Mother only can donate an X

Page 45: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

22. Define:• Karyotype:

• A. diagram of meiosis

• B. An orderly display of magnified images of the individual chromosomes

• C. chromosomes as they appear in Prophase I

• ANSWER: B

Page 46: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

23. Define…

• Nondisjunction:

• A. switching of parts of two chromosomes

• B. inversion of two parts of a chromosome

• C. members of chromosome pairs fail to separate

• D. You Diss Yo Homey

• ANSWER: C

Page 47: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

What are the two gametes of humans?

• A. egg and sperm

• B. X and Y

• C. ovaries and testes

• D. Klinefelter’s and Turner’s

• ANSWER: A

Page 48: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

In which phase of Meiosis?

• Do the tetrads form?

• Prophase I

• Are 4 haploid cells formed?

• Telophase II

Page 49: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Which phase of Meiosis?

• Do you know?

• How many cells?

• Is it Meiosis I or II?

• PROPHASE II

Page 50: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Which phase of meiosis?

• Where are the centrioles?

• Where are the tetrads?

• Metaphase I

Page 51: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Which phase of meiosis?

• How many cells?Haploid or diploid?

• Telophase II

Page 52: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Which phase of meiosis?

• How many cells?Where are the chromatids?

• Metaphase II

Page 53: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Which phase of meiosis?

• Where are the chromatids?

• Meiosis I or II?

• Anaphase I

Page 54: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Which phase of meiosis?

• Where are the chromosomes going?How many cells?

• Anaphase II

Page 55: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Which phase of meiosis?

• How many cells?

• Nuclear Membrane?

• Where are the centrioles?

• Prophase II

Page 56: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

How many cells form?

• At the end of meiosis?

• 4 haploid

• At the end of mitosis?

• 2 diploid

Page 57: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Mitosis or Meiosis?

•Has 1 division•Mitosis•Has 2 divisions•Meiosis

Page 58: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Mitosis or Meiosis?

• Makes identical cells?• Mitosis• Makes similar, but not identical cells?

• Meiosis

Page 59: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Mitosis or Meiosis?

• Which makes sex cells?

• Meiosis

• Which makes somatic cells?

• Mitosis

Page 60: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Match the disorder

• Round face, small teeth, flattened nose, sluggish muscles, Trisomy 21

• Sterile, breast enlargement, small testicles, XXY

• Short, sterile, underdeveloped breasts, XO

• A. Turner’s syndrome

• B. Klinefelter’s syndrome

• C. Down Syndrome

Page 61: CHAPTER 8B REVIEW

Making a karyotype?

• Stop cells in what phase?

• Metaphase

• With what chemical?

• Colchicine

• Use what type of cells?

• White Blood Cells