chapter 8b review
DESCRIPTION
CHAPTER 8B REVIEW. MITOSIS a. 2n to 2n (diploid to diploid) b. forms cells identical to parent cell. MEIOSIS a. 2n to n (diploid to haploid) b. forms cells different from parent cell. ESSAY #1. MITOSIS c. 1 divison d. forms 2 daughter cells e. makes somatic cells. MEIOSIS - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
CHAPTER 8B REVIEW
ESSAY #1
• MITOSISa. 2n to 2n(diploid to
diploid)b. forms cells
identical to parent cell
• MEIOSIS• a. 2n to n• (diploid to
haploid)• b. forms cells
different from parent cell
ESSAY #1 (cont.)
• MITOSIS
• c. 1 divison
• d. forms 2 daughter cells
• e. makes somatic cells
• MEIOSIS
• c. 2 divisions
• d. forms 4 daughter cells
• e. makes sex cells
ESSAY #2
• HOW IS A KARYOTYPE MADE?• A. Blood is separated with a
centrifuge (fluid plasma on top and cells on bottom)
• B. A hypotonic solution is added to break the cell membrane of the RBC
• C. White blood cells are used
• D. Cells stopped in metaphase with colchicine
• E. Arranged by size, shape, bars matching
ESSAY #3
• Each of the disorders is a 5 point essay:• DOWN SYNDROME-• 1. round face• 2. small teeth• 3. flat bridge on nose• 4. mentally challenged• 5. susceptible to respiratory problems,
Alzheimers• Trisomy 21• Short stature
ESSAY #3
• KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME (do 5)• A. small testes• B. infertile (cannot bear children)• C. breast development• D. rounded hips• E. XXY (you may only use one of the
chromosome letters)• F. poor beard growth
ESSAY #3
• TURNER SYNDROME• A. small ovaries• B. infertile (cannot bear children)• C. web of skin between head and
shoulders• D. poor breast development• E. XO• F. short stature
1. Somatic or Sex Cell?
• Skin• Somatic• Sperm• Sex• Blood• Somatic• Egg• sex
2. Difference between…
• Sex chromosomes and autosomes?
• ANSWER: Sex chromosomes are X and Y (usually #23)
Autosomes are rest of chromosomes, in human karyotype #1-22
3. What is the difference…
• Between diploid and haploid (and symbols)?
• ANSWER:Diploid is 2n with 2 sets of chromosomes in a cell
• Haploid is n with one set of chromosmes in a cell
#4
• What are homologous chromosomes?
• ANSWER: two sister chromatids from the father and two sister
chromatids from the
mother with the same
inherited characteristics
#5
• What is the diploid and the haploid number for humans?
• ANSWER: diploid – 2n = 46
• haploid – n = 23
#6 Karyotypes: Which is it?
• Klinefelter’s
• Turner’s
• Normal Male
• Normal Female
• Normal Female
• Due to XX
Which does not belong?
• Skin cell
• Diploid
• Gamete
• Somatic cell
• ANSWER: gamete
Which does not belong?
• 2N
• Haploid
• Gamete
• Sperm
• Egg
• ANSWER: 2N
6. Which is not a male?• XXY• XY• XO• XXXY• Which is the normal male?• XO is not a male and XY is the
normal male
7. Which phase lasts the longest?
• Prophase I
• Metaphase I
• Prophase II
• Metaphase II
• Prophase I (Think!! a lot goes on here)
Meiosis or Mitosis?
• Makes cells that are haploid?
• Meiosis
• Makes cells that are diploid?
• Mitosis
• Makes sex cells
• meiosis
What is the difference between
• A gamete and a zygote?
• A gamete is a sex cell (like egg and sperm) and a zygote if a fertilized egg (the joining of egg and sperm)
8. And 10.How are they related?
• Tetrad and synapsis
• Tetrad are 4 homologous chromosomes and synapsis is the joining of these 4 to form a tetrad
8. In what phase…
• Does synapsis (joining of tetrads) form?
• Prophase I
• Prophase II
• Metaphase I
• Metaphase II
• ANSWER: Prophase 1
9. Crossover
• When does it occur?
• During prophase I
• Between which two chromosomes does it occur?
• Inner two of a tetrad
• What is the site where it occurs?
• chiasma
11. What is a chiasma?
A
B
C
11. CHIASMA ANSWER
Point where crossing over occurs between two inner chromosomes
12.Hair color
• Is a gene on a chromosome. The variations of it, such as brown, red, or black would be known as _________.
• Alleles are the choices of a gene
13. + 23. How many possible combinations?
• What is the formula?
• 2n
• What does n stand for?
• Haploid number
• How many combos if n = 2?
• 4
13. (cont.) How many possible combinations?
• How many combos if n = 3?
• 8 = (2 x 2 x 2)
• How many combos if n = 23?
• About 8 million
14. Karyotypes: Which is it?
• Klinefelter’s
• Turner’s
• Normal Male
• Normal Female
• ANSWER: Turner’s
14. Karyotypes: Which is it?
• Klinefelter’s
• Turner’s
• Normal Male
• Normal Female
• ANSWER: Normal Male
14. Karyotypes: Which is it?
• Klinefelter’s
• Turner’s
• Normal Male
• Normal Female
• ANSWER: Klinefelter’s
Name the disorder:
• XO
• Turner’s syndrome
• XXXY
• Klinefelter’s syndrome
• Trisomy 21
• Down Syndrome
15.What type of mutation?
• Duplication• Insertion• Deletion• Translocation• Inversion• Duplication
15. What type of mutation?
• Insertion• Deletion• Translocation• Inversion
• Deletion
15. What type of mutation?
• Insertion• Deletion• Translocation• Inversion
• Inversion
15. What type of mutation?
• Insertion• Deletion• Translocation• Inversion• Translocation
Just Checking: What is this showing?
• Crossing over• It occurs during what phase?
• Prophase I
16. What is CML?
• A cancer caused by the translocation of chromosome _________ and ________.
• 9 and 22
In case you wondered…CML
• Also called: The Philadelphia Chromosome (Ph1)
• Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
17. If the testicle cell has
• 50 chromosomes, how many chromosomes does the sperm have?100 50 25 10
• ANSWER: 25
18. What are the chances?
• That a female with Down Syndrome will have a child with Down Syndrome?
100% 75% 50% 25% 0%
• ANSWER: 50%
Give the missing info
• If the Diploid Number is…
• 46
• 18
• 72
• Then the Hapoid Number is…
• 23
• 9
• 36
19. Which part of Meiosis…
• Is like mitosis (except it has two cells)?
• Meiosis I
• Meiosis II
• ANSWER: Meiosis II
21. Who determines…
• The sex of the offspring? Father or mother
• FATHER
• WHY?
• If he donates an X = child is girl (XX)
• If he donates a Y = child is a boy (XY)
• Mother only can donate an X
22. Define:• Karyotype:
• A. diagram of meiosis
• B. An orderly display of magnified images of the individual chromosomes
• C. chromosomes as they appear in Prophase I
• ANSWER: B
23. Define…
• Nondisjunction:
• A. switching of parts of two chromosomes
• B. inversion of two parts of a chromosome
• C. members of chromosome pairs fail to separate
• D. You Diss Yo Homey
• ANSWER: C
What are the two gametes of humans?
• A. egg and sperm
• B. X and Y
• C. ovaries and testes
• D. Klinefelter’s and Turner’s
• ANSWER: A
In which phase of Meiosis?
• Do the tetrads form?
• Prophase I
• Are 4 haploid cells formed?
• Telophase II
Which phase of Meiosis?
• Do you know?
• How many cells?
• Is it Meiosis I or II?
• PROPHASE II
Which phase of meiosis?
• Where are the centrioles?
• Where are the tetrads?
• Metaphase I
Which phase of meiosis?
• How many cells?Haploid or diploid?
• Telophase II
Which phase of meiosis?
• How many cells?Where are the chromatids?
• Metaphase II
Which phase of meiosis?
• Where are the chromatids?
• Meiosis I or II?
• Anaphase I
Which phase of meiosis?
• Where are the chromosomes going?How many cells?
• Anaphase II
Which phase of meiosis?
• How many cells?
• Nuclear Membrane?
• Where are the centrioles?
• Prophase II
How many cells form?
• At the end of meiosis?
• 4 haploid
• At the end of mitosis?
• 2 diploid
Mitosis or Meiosis?
•Has 1 division•Mitosis•Has 2 divisions•Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
• Makes identical cells?• Mitosis• Makes similar, but not identical cells?
• Meiosis
Mitosis or Meiosis?
• Which makes sex cells?
• Meiosis
• Which makes somatic cells?
• Mitosis
Match the disorder
• Round face, small teeth, flattened nose, sluggish muscles, Trisomy 21
• Sterile, breast enlargement, small testicles, XXY
• Short, sterile, underdeveloped breasts, XO
• A. Turner’s syndrome
• B. Klinefelter’s syndrome
• C. Down Syndrome
Making a karyotype?
• Stop cells in what phase?
• Metaphase
• With what chemical?
• Colchicine
• Use what type of cells?
• White Blood Cells