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Chapter 9 Classification

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Page 1: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Chapter 9Classification

Page 2: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

• Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities.

Page 3: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

• Classifying organisms help biologists answer questions like

–How many species are there?

–What are the characteristics of each?

–What are the relationships between species?

Page 4: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities
Page 5: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Carolus Linnaeus

• Swedish physician and botanist

• Lived in 1700’s

• Founded taxonomy, the science of identifying, classifying and naming living things

Page 6: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

• Binomial Nomenclature– Also known as binomenclature

– Elephas maximus– Tyrannosaurus rex

Page 7: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Cladograms (branching diagrams)

Page 8: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

• Cladograms– Show close evolutionary

relationships

Page 9: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

•Which is the closest relative to Hibiscus?•Which is the most distant relative to Hibiscus?•Which plants have seeds?

Page 10: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Scientific Names

• 2 words, Genus and Species

• Genus is capitalized and species is lower case

• Examples:– Indian elephant – Elephas maximus– Humans – Homo sapiens

Page 11: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

• Scientific names are usually Greek or Latin in origin

• The short cut for writing scientific names is to use the first letter of the genus and the full name of the species

• Example: – Escherichia coli is E. coli

• Organisms can have many common names but only one scientific name

Page 12: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

• Dichotomous Keys-– A tool that aids in identifying

unknown organisms– Consists of several pairs of

descriptive statements that have only two alternating responses

– (think of the choose your own adventure books)

Page 13: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Dichotomous Keys

Page 14: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

The 6 Kingdoms

•Archaebacteria•Prokaryotes (no nucleus)•Single cell•Live in extreme conditions (hot or cold)•Live in Yellowstone Hot Springs

Page 15: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Eubacteria

•Single celled•Live everywhere•Prokaryotes – no nucleus

•E. coli

Page 16: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Protista

•Single or multi cellular•Eukaryotes – nuclei present•Simple organisms•Believed to have given rise to the other kingdoms•Protozoa, algae, slime molds, Euglena

•Paramecium

•Euglena

http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/ciliata/paramecium1.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/protista/ciliata/ciliatasy.html&h=407&w=488&sz=124&hl=en&start=4&tbnid=4xLDf-MIUQKRZM:&tbnh=108&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dprotista%26gbv%3D2%26ndsp%3D18%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://scienceblogs.com/clock/upload/2006/07/Euglena.JPG&imgrefurl=http://scienceblogs.com/clock/2006/07/biological_clocks_in_protista.php&h=210&w=327&sz=12&hl=en&start=5&tbnid=Kv-Px5VwvT6OdM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=118&prev=/images%3Fq%3Deuglena%26gbv%3D2%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den
Page 17: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Fungi

•Multicellular•Eukaryotes – nuclei•No photosynthesis occurs•Food is obtained by breaking down materials around (decomposers)•Mushrooms, molds

Page 18: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Why don’t you cut off mold on bread and eat it?

Page 19: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Plantae

•Multicellular•Eukaryotes – nuclei•Uses photosynthesis to produce food•Usually green

Page 20: Chapter 9 Classification. Classification is the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on similarities

Animalia

•Multicellular•Eukaryotic –nuclei•No cell walls•Most move (exceptions in sea sponges and corals)•Nervous systems


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