Chapter 9: Creative Development through the Curriculum

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Creativity

ART• Involves the APPLICATION of creativity to a unique product

through a variety of modes. • As prescribed by Milestones:

• Visual Arts• Musical Arts• Theatrical Arts• Dance Arts

• VA SOL address the following in Kindergarten-3rd grade• Visual Arts• Musical Arts

http://www.doe.virginia.gov/testing/sol/standards_docs/fine_arts/index.shtml(picks back up with Dance & Theatre in Grade 6)

Guiding Principles

Art experiences should be: •Inviting•Not forced (no “whole class art;” small groups!)•Open ended•Engage the children in PROCESS•Not placing a heavy value on PRODUCT•Encouraging them to think and problem solve•Encourage children to collaborate with each other•Developing a healthy self conscious (what I make is special and has value)

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Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

• linguistic intelligence• logico-mathematical intelligence• musical intelligence• bodily kinesthetic intelligence• visual-spatial intelligence• interpersonal intelligence• intrapersonal intelligence• naturalistic intelligence• spiritual intelligence• existential intelligence

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Theories of art development

• psychoanalytic - reflects feelings & emotions• perceptual - draw what it seen• cognitive - draw what the know (Piaget)• developmental – universal stages (Kellogg)

Piaget’s Cognitive Theory Stages

• Scribbling stage (ages 2-4)- experiment with marks

• Preschematic stage (4-7)- subject in mind; product is inaccurate

• Schematic stage (7+)- realistic and accurate

Kellogg’s Developmental Theory Stages• Universal Dominance (1-5)

• Basic Scribbles – 20 kinds• Placement Patterns- 17 ways

• Flowering of Drawing (5-7)• Diagrams

• 6 shapes at age of 3• Combines- 2 diagrams• Aggregates- 3 or more diagrams

• Height of Cultural Influence (7-12)

How is art the first step towards writing? • These are pieces from a writing kit called “Handwriting with

No Tears.” Every letter of the alphabet can be formed with these four pieces alone.

• Compare these pieces to the first few basic scribbles on the next slide.

What They Learn• Infants- textures, showing interest in objects• Toddlers- Gain control of grasping simple art tools, experiment

with a variety of art materials (paint, markers, crayons, pencils, dough)

• Younger Preschool-explore colors & shapes of objects, create art to express themselves

• Older Preschool- plan and work alone or with others, respond to artistic creations, create drawings/paintings/models/other that are more detailed, understand/use vocabulary to share opinions about art

• Source: Milestones of Child Development, p. 29

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The How of Early Childhood Education: Creative Development

• Two-dimensional art- “child’s first step toward writing” -DAP• Drawing- crayons, markers, pencils, pens, chalk

• Crayons: see text• Painting- tempera, watercolor, fingerpainting

• Painting- see p. text• Printmaking- use virtually ANYTHING!

• Three-dimensional art (recipes see text)• play dough and clay • Collage- creative combination of materials held by glue• Woodworking- preschool and older should have real TOOLS!

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Visual Literacy- ability to create visual messages and to “read” messages contained in visual communication

• Ideas- “Tell me more about that!”• Process- “How was it made?”• Materials- “What did you use to make it?”• Knowledge- “You must have counted how many pieces you

used!”• The Future- What could I do to extend this?

• Aesthetic appreciation- appreciating beauty

Music• Provides an avenue for children to express thoughts, feelings,

and energy through fingerplays, simple instruments, or humming/singing along to a familiar song. • Infants- respond to and imitate sounds, experiment with sound• Toddlers- participate in group music experiences, explore simple

songs using voice and/or instruments• Younger preschool- participate with increasing interest, use

music as an avenue to express• Older preschool- show interest in more complicated instruments,

respond to variations in music

• Source: Milestones of Child Development, p. 27

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Music & Child Development

• Children are aware and respond to music at INFANCY• “light up like a Christmas tree”• DAP= arts are integral!• Cultural and ethnic

Skills

• listening• singing• playing musical instruments• movement

Activities for Music DAILY

• Listening- “Listen & Move”- Greg & Steve• Singing- “Number Rock” –Greg & Steve• Playing musical instruments• Movement “Listen & Move” – Greg & Steve

• http://grooveshark.com/#!/playlist/Greg+And+Steve/30093484

Theatre Arts- dramatic play

Theatre Arts includes dramatic play through which young children engage in imitation and acting out social roles, experiences, and fantasy in creative and imaginative ways.

• Infants- discover own body, imitate, communicate through movement

• Toddlers- imitate, engage in pretend play• Younger preschool- understand that objects, photos, and

illustrations can stand for real things• Older Preschool- participate with others in dramatic play (roles),

tell about role play & stories, enact coherent stories

Source: Milestones of Child Development, p. 38

Why is it important?• Engages children in creative and innovative thinking

• Characteristics of the child in the 21st century• Builds children’s confidence and self-esteem• Dramatic play permits children to fit the reality of the world

into their own interests and knowledge. One of the purest forms of symbolic thought available to young children, dramatic play contributes strongly to the intellectual development of children (Piaget, 1962). Symbolic play is a necessary part of a child's language development (Edmonds, 1976).

Elements of Drama in the Early Childhood Classroom• Dramatic play includes:

• role-playing• Puppetry• fantasy play

• It does not require interaction with another. • Socio-dramatic play is dramatic play with the additional

component of social interaction with either a peer or teacher (Mayesky, 1988; Smilansky, 1968).

• Creative dramatics involves spontaneous, creative play. It is structured and incorporates the problem solving skills of planning and evaluation. Children frequently reenact a scene or a story. Planning and evaluating occurs in creative dramatics (Chambers, 1970, 1977)

What it looks like

At the Market

Career Exploration

Themed

Visit to the Doctor

All of the Materials Needed

Making the Experience MEANINGFUL and RELATING it to children