chapter 9 - image compression standards.ppt

7/24/2019 Chapter 9 - Image Compression Standards.ppt

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Chapter 9

Image CompressionStandards

9.1 The JPEG Standard

9.2 The JPEG2000 Standard9.3 The JPEG-LS Standard

9.4 Bi-level Image Cm!re""in

Standard"9.# $%rther E&!lratin

Li & Drew1Ze-Nian Li & Mark Drew, Fundamentals of Multimedia, Prentice Hall, 2003


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Fundamentals of Multimedia, Chapter 9

9.1 The JPEG Standard' JPEG i" an image (m!re""in "tandard that )a" devel!ed *+ the

,Jint Phtgra!hi( E&!ert" Gr%!. JPEG )a" rmall+ a((e!ted a"

an internatinal "tandard in 1992.

' JPEG i" a lossyimage (m!re""in methd. It em!l+" a transform

coding methd %"ing the /CT Discrete Cosine Transform.

' n image i" a %n(tin iand j r (nventinall+ xand y in the

spatial domain. The 2/ /CT i" %"ed a" ne "te! in JPEG in rder t

+ield a re%en(+ re"!n"e )hi(h i" a %n(tin F(u, v) in the spatial

frequency domain inde&ed *+ t) integer" u and v.

Li & Drew2


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Obserations for JPEG

Image Compression' The e5e(tivene"" the /CT tran"rm (ding methdin JPEG relie" n 3 ma6r *"ervatin"7

Obseration 17 8"e%l image (ntent" (hange relativel+"l)l+ a(r"" the image i.e. it i" %n%"%al r inten"it+

val%e" t var+ )idel+ "everal time" in a "mall area r

e&am!le )ithin an : image *l(;.

' m%(h the inrmatin in an image i" re!eated hen(e

,"!atial red%ndan(+.

Li & Drew3


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Obserations for JPEG ImageCompression

!cont"d#Obseration $7 P"+(h!h+"i(al e&!eriment" "%gge"t that h%man" arem%(h le"" li;el+ t nti(e the l"" ver+ high "!atial re%en(+

(m!nent" than the l"" l)er re%en(+ (m!nent".

' the "!atial red%ndan(+ (an *e red%(ed *+ largel+ red%(ingthe high "!atial re%en(+ (ntent".

Obseration %7


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$ig. 9.17 Bl(; diagram r JPEG en(der.

Li & Drew#


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9.1.1 &ain Steps in JPEG Image Compression

' Tran"rm =GB t >I? r >8< and "%*"am!le (lr.

' /CT n image *l(;".

' ?%anti@atin.

' Aig-@ag rdering and r%n-length en(ding.

' Entr!+ (ding.

Li & Drew


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'CT on image bloc(s' Ea(h image i" divided int : *l(;". The 2/

/CT i" a!!lied t ea(h *l(; image f(i, j) )ith

%t!%t *eing the /CT (e(ient" F(u, v) r ea(h

*l(;.

' 8"ing *l(;" h)ever ha" the e5e(t i"lating

ea(h *l(; rm it" neigh*ring (nte&t. Thi" i"

)h+ JPEG image" l; (h!!+ ,*l(;+ )hen a

high compression ratio i" "!e(iDed *+ the %"er.

Li & Drew


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)*anti+ation

9.1

' F(u, v) re!re"ent" a /CT (e(ient Q(u, v) i" a ,%anti@atin matri&

entr+ and re!re"ent" the quantizedDCTcoecients )hi(h JPEG )ill %"e in the "%((eeding entr!+ (ding.

, The -*anti+ation step is the main so*rce for loss in JPEGcompression.

F The entrie" Q(u, v) tend t have larger val%e" t)ard" the l)er right (rner.Thi" aim" t intrd%(e mre l"" at the higher "!atial re%en(ie" a!ra(ti(e "%!!rted *+ H*"ervatin" 1 and 2.

F Ta*le 9.1 and 9.2 "h) the dea%lt Q(u, v) val%e" *tained rm !"+(h!h+"i(al"t%die" )ith the gal ma&imi@ing the (m!re""in rati )hile minimi@ing!er(e!t%al l""e" in JPEG image".

Li & Drew

( , ) ( , )( , )

F u vF u v roundQ u v

=

( , )F u v


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Table 9.1 The *minance )*anti+ation Table

Table 9.$ The Chrominance )*anti+ation Table

Li & Drew9

1 11 10 1 24 40 #1 1

12 12 14 19 2 # 0 ##14 13 1 24 40 # 9 #14 1 22 29 #1 0 21 22 3 # 109 103 24 3# ## 4 1 104 113 9249 4 103 121 120 1012 92 9# 9 112 100 103 99

1 1 24 4 99 9999 99

1 21 2 99 9999 9924 2 # 99 99 99

99 994 99 99 99 99

99 9999 99 99 99 99 99

99 9999 99 99 99 99 99


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n : *l(; rm the > image Lena

$ig. 9.27 JPEG (m!re""in r a "mth image *l(;.

Li & Drew10

200 202 19 1 19 1#1# 1#200 203 19 1 19 121 1#203 200 200 19# 200 11# 1#200 200 200 200 19 11 1200 20# 200 200 19# 11 1#200 200 200 200 200 1901 1#20# 200 199 200 191 1

#1# # -12 4 1 2 - #-1 3 2 0 0 -11 -2 3-12 11 -1 3 0 1 -2- 3 -4 2 -2 -3 -# -20 -2 -# 4 0 -1 -4

0 -3 -1 0 4 1 -1 03 -2 -3 3 3 -1 -1 3-2 # -2 4 -2 2 -3 0

F(u, v)


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Li & Drew11

$ig. 9.2 (ntd7 JPEG (m!re""in r a "mth image *l(;.


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nther : *l(; rm the > image Lena

$ig. 9.27 JPEG (m!re""in r a "mth image *l(;.

Li & Drew12

0 0 100 0 1#0 1# 100 9 9 1#4 113

100 # 11 9 0 1913 9 200 9 1 11 911 0 200 103 1 9 11311 123 14 133 113 113 #1114 14 1# 100 103 103 1311# 14 19 0 113 11 1319

i 6

-0 -40 9 -3 44 32 #3 -3-13# -#9 -2 14 -3 -13 -24 - -3 -10 - 33 #9-2 10 -1 0 33 11 -21 1-1 -9 -22 32 # -3 -1

# -20 2 -4 3 24 -30 24 -20 3 -2 12 -3# 33 1-# -23 33 -30 1 -# -4 20

$% v


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Li & Drew13

$ig. 9.3 (ntd7 JPEG (m!re""in r a te&t%red image *l(;.


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/*n0length Coding !/C# on Ccoe2cients

' =LC aim" t t%rn the val%e" int "et" !"zeros"to"s#ip, ne$t non"zero %alueK.

' T ma;e it m"t li;el+ t hit a lng r%n @er"7 azi"za scan i" %"ed t t%rn the :

matri& int a '("%ector.

$ig. 9.47 Aig-Aag S(an in JPEG.

Li & Drew14

( , )F u v

( , )F u v


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'PC& on 'C coe2cients' The /C (e(ient" are (ded "e!aratel+ rm

the C ne". Di)erential *ulse Code

modulation D*CMi" the (ding methd.

' I the /C (e(ient" r the Dr"t # image *l(;"

are 1#0 1## 149 1#2 144 then the /PC

)%ld !rd%(e 1#0 # - 3 - a""%ming di =

DCi+1 DCi and d0= DC0.

Li & Drew1#


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Entropy Coding' The /C and C (e(ient" Dnall+ %nderg an entr!+ (ding "te! t gain a

!""i*le %rther (m!re""in.

' 8"e /C a" an e&am!le7 ea(h /PC (ded /C (e(ient i" re!re"ented *+ SIAE

PLIT8/E )here SIAE indi(ate" h) man+ *it" are needed r re!re"enting

the (e(ient and PLIT8/E (ntain" the a(t%al *it".

' In the e&am!le )ere %"ing (de" 1#0 # M 3 M )ill *e t%rned int

10010110 3 101 3 001 2 11 4 0111 .

' SIAE i" N%5man (ded "in(e "maller SIAE" ((%r m%(h mre ten. PLIT8/E i"

nt N%5man (ded it" val%e (an (hange )idel+ " N%5man (ding ha" n

a!!re(ia*le *eneDt.

Li & Drew1


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Table 9.% 3aseline entropy coding details ,

si+e category.

Li & Drew1

SI4E &PIT5'E

1 -1 1

2 -3 -2 2 3

3 -..-4 4..

4 -1#..- ..1#

. .

. .

. .

10 -1023..-#12 #12..1023


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9.1.$ 6o*r Commonly 5sed

JPEG &odes' Se%ential de the dea%lt JPEG mdeim!li(itl+ a""%med in the di"(%""in" " ar. Ea(h

gra+level image r (lr image (m!nent i"

en(ded in a "ingle let-t-right t!-t-*ttm

"(an.

' Prgre""ive de.

' Nierar(hi(al de.

' L""le"" de di"(%""ed in Cha!ter t *e

re!la(ed *+ JPEG-LS Se(tin 9.3.

Li & Drew1


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Progressie &odePrgre""ive JPEG deliver" l) %alit+ ver"in" the image

%i(;l+ ll)ed *+ higher %alit+ !a""e".

1.Spectral selection7 Ta;e" advantage the ,"!e(tral"!atial re%en(+ "!e(tr%m (hara(teri"ti(" the /CT

(e(ient"7 higher C (m!nent" !rvide detail inrmatin.

S(an 17 En(de /C and Dr"t e) C (m!nent" e.g. C1 C2.S(an 27 En(de a e) mre C (m!nent" e.g. C3 C4 C#....S(an ;7 En(de the la"t e) C" e.g. C1 C2 C3.

Li & Drew19


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Progressie &ode

!Cont"d#2. S*ccessie appro7imation7 In"tead grad%all+ en(ding "!e(tral *and" all /CT

(e(ient" are en(ded "im%ltane%"l+ *%t

)ith their m"t "igniD(ant *it" SB" Dr"t.

S(an 17 En(de the Dr"t e) SB" e.g. Bit" #4.

S(an 27 En(de a e) mre le"" "igniD(ant *it" e.g.Bit 3.

...S(an m7 En(de the lea"t "igniD(ant *it LSB Bit 0.

Li & Drew20


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8ierarchical &ode' The en(ded image at the l)e"t re"l%tin i"

*a"i(all+ a (m!re""ed l)-!a"" Dltered image

)herea" the image" at "%((e""ivel+ higher

re"l%tin" !rvide additinal detail"

di5eren(e" rm the l)er re"l%tin image".

' Similar t Prgre""ive JPEG the Nierar(hi(al JPEG

image" (an *e tran"mitted in m%lti!le !a""e"

!rgre""ivel+ im!rving %alit+.

Li & Drew21


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$ig. 9.#7 Bl(; diagram r Nierar(hi(al JPEG.

Li & Drew22


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Encoder for a Three0leel8ierarchical JPEG

1. =ed%(tin image re"l%tin7

=ed%(e re"l%tin the in!%t image f e.g. #12:#12 *+ a a(tr 2 in ea(h dimen"in t *tain f2e.g. 2# :

2#. =e!eat thi" t *tain f4e.g. 12 : 12.

2. Cm!re"" l)-re"l%tin image f47

En(de f4%"ing an+ ther JPEG methd e.g. Se%ential Prgre""ive t *tain F4.

3. Cm!re"" di5eren(e image d27

a /e(de F4t *tain . 8"e an+ inter!latin methd t e&!and t *e the "ame re"l%tin a" f2and (all it

E( ).

* En(de di5eren(e %"ing an+ ther JPEG methd e.g. Se%ential Prgre""ive t generate

D2.

4. Cm!re"" di5eren(e image d17

a /e(de D2t *tain O add it t E t get )hi(h i" a ver"in f2ater (m!re""in

and de(m!re""in.

* En(de di5eren(e %"ing an+ ther JPEG methd e.g. Se%ential Prgre""ive t generate

D1.

Li & Drew23

4f

4f

4f

4f

Q2 4 2( )f E f d= +

1 2( )d f E f =

2 2 4( )d f E f =

Q2d


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'ecoder for a Three0leel8ierarchical JPEG

1. /e(m!re"" the en(ded l)-re"l%tin imageF47

F /e(de F4%"ing the "ame JPEG methd a" in the

en(der t *tain .

2. =e"tre image at the intermediate re"l%tin7

F 8"e t *tain .

3. =e"tre image at the riginal re"l%tin7

F 8"e t *tain .

Li & Drew24

2f

4f

Q4 2

( )E f d+

2f

P2 1

( )E f d+

Pf

f


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9.1.% Glance at the JPEG

3itstream

Li & Drew2#

$ig. 9.7 JPEG *it"tream.


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9.$ The JPEG$

Standard' /e"ign Gal"7F T !rvide a *etter rate-di"trtin trade5 and im!rved

"%*6e(tive image %alit+.

F T !rvide additinal %n(tinalitie" la(;ing in the (%rrentJPEG "tandard.

' The JPEG2000 "tandard addre""e" the ll)ing !r*lem"7

F ossless and ossy Compression7 There i" (%rrentl+ n

"tandard that (an !rvide "%!erir l""le"" (m!re""in

and l""+ (m!re""in in a "ingle *it"tream.

Li & Drew2


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F o: 3it0rate Compression7 The (%rrent JPEG"tandard 5er" e&(ellent rate-di"trtin

!errman(e in mid and high *it-rate". N)everat *it-rate" *el) 0.2# *!! "%*6e(tive di"trtin*e(me" %na((e!ta*le. Thi" i" im!rtant i )eh!e t re(eive image" n %r )e*- ena*led%*i%it%" devi(e" "%(h a" )e*-a)are

)ri"t)at(he" and " n.F arge Images7 The ne) "tandard )ill all)

image re"l%tin" greater than 4 *+ 4)ith%t tiling. It (an handle image "i@e %! t 232M 1.

F Single 'ecompression rchitect*re7 The(%rrent JPEG "tandard ha" 44 mde" man+ )hi(h are a!!li(atin "!e(iD( and nt %"ed *+the ma6rit+ JPEG de(der".

Li & Drew2


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F Transmission in ;oisy Enironments7 Thene) "tandard )ill !rvide im!rved errrre"ilien(e r tran"mi""in in ni"+envirnment" "%(h a" )irele"" net)r;" andthe Internet.

F Progressie Transmission7 The ne) "tandard!rvide" "eamle"" %alit+ and re"l%tin"(ala*ilit+ rm l) t high *it-rate. The target

*it-rate and re(n"tr%(tin re"l%tin need nt*e ;n)n at the time (m!re""in.

F /egion of Interest Coding7 The ne)"tandard all)" the "!e(iD(atin =egin" Intere"t =HI )hi(h (an *e (ded )ith "%!erir

%alit+ than the re"t the image. Hne mightli;e t (de the a(e a "!ea;er )ith mre%alit+ than the "%rr%nding %rnit%re.

Li & Drew2


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F Comp*ter Generated Imagery7 The (%rrent JPEG"tandard i" !timi@ed r nat%ral imager+ and de"nt !errm )ell n (m!%ter generated imager+.

F Compo*nd 'oc*ments7 The ne) "tandard 5er"metadata me(hani"m" r in(r!rating additinalnn-image data a" !art the Dle. Thi" might *e%"e%l r in(l%ding te&t alng )ith imager+ a" neim!rtant e&am!le.

' In additin JPEG2000 i" a*le t handle %! t

2# (hannel" inrmatin )herea" the(%rrent JPEG "tandard i" nl+ a*le t handle

three (lr (hannel".

Li & Drew29


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Properties of JPEG$ ImageCompression

' 8"e" Em*edded Bl(; Cding )ith H!timi@ed Tr%n(atin EBCHT

algrithm )hi(h !artitin" ea(h "%**and LL LN NL NN !rd%(ed

*+ the )avelet tran"rm int "mall *l(;" (alled ,(de *l(;".

' "e!arate "(ala*le *it"tream i" generated r ea(h (de *l(;

im!rved errr re"ilien(e.

$ig. 9.7 Cde *l(; "tr%(t%re EBCHT.

Li & Drew30

d l f l i di Ch 9


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&ain Steps of JPEG$ Image Compression

' Em*edded Bl(; (ding and *it"tream

generatin.

' P"t (m!re""in rate di"trtin PC=/

!timi@atin.

' La+er rmatin and re!re"entatin.

Li & Drew31

F d t l f M lti di Ch t 9


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Embedded 3loc( Coding and

3itstream Generation

1.Bit!lane (ding.

2. $ra(tinal *it!lane (ding.

Li & Drew32

F d t l f M lti di Ch t 9


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1. 3itplane Coding' 8nirm dead @ne %anti@er" are %"ed )ith "%((e""ivel+ "maller

interval "i@e". E%ivalent t (ding ea(h *l(; ne *it!lane at a time.

$ig. 9.7 /ead @ne %anti@er. The length the dead @ne i" 2U.


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' Bl(;" are %rther divided int a "e%en(e 1 : 1 "%*-

*l(;".

' The "igniD(an(e "%*-*l(;" are en(ded in a "igniD(an(e

ma! P)here p(i[j]) dente the "igniD(an(e "%*-*l(; i[j]

at *it!lane P.

' %ad-tree "tr%(t%re i" %"ed t identi+ the "igniD(an(e

"%*-*l(;" ne level at a time.

' The tree "tr%(t%re i" (n"tr%(ted *+ identi+ing the "%*-*l(;"

)ith lea nde" i.e. . The higher level" are *%ilt

%"ing re(%r"in7 0 t T.

Li & Drew34

0

[ ] [ ]i i =j j

2

1

{0,1}[ ] [2 ]! !i i

= +

zj j z

Fundamentals of Multimedia Chapter 9


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3itplane Coding

Primities$%r di5erent !rimitive (ding methd" that em!l+ (nte&t *a"edarithmeti( (ding are %"ed7

' 4ero Coding7 8"ed t (de (e(ient" n ea(h *it!lane that are

nt +et "igniD(ant.

F Nri@ntal7

F


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Ta*le 9.4 Cnte&t a""ignment r the @er (ding

!rimitive.

Li & Drew3

< 8 and 8s*bbands

88 s*bband

La*el #i[k] vi[k] di[k] di[k] #i[k]+vi[k]

0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 1 0 1

2 0 0 V1 0 V 1

3 0 1 W 1 0

4 0 2 W 1 1

# 1 0 0 1 V 1 1 0 V0 2 0

1 V0 W 2 V 0

2 W & V 2 W



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' /*n0length coding7 Cde r%n" 1-*it

"igniD(an(e val%e". $%r (nditin" m%"t

*e met7

F $%r (n"e(%tive "am!le" m%"t *e in"igniD(ant.

F The "am!le" m%"t have in"igniD(ant neigh*r".

F The "am!le" m%"t *e )ithin the "ame "%*-

*l(;.

F The hri@ntal inde& $1 the Dr"t "am!le m%"t*e even.

Li & Drew3



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' Sign coding7 Inv;ed at m"t n(e )hen a (e(ient"

ge" rm *eing in"igniD(ant t "igniD(ant.

F The "ign *it" &i[k] rm ad6a(ent "am!le" (ntain""%*"tantial de!enden(ie".

F The (nditinal di"tri*%tin &i[k] i" a""%med t *e the"ame a" &i[k].

F i" 0 i *th hri@ntal neigh*r" are in"igniD(ant 1i at lea"t ne hri@ntal neigh*r i" !"itive r M1 i atlea"t ne hri@ntal neigh*r i" negative.

F i" deDned "imilarl+ r verti(al neigh*r".

F I i" the "ign !redi(tin the *inar+ "+m*l (ded%"ing the relevant (nte&t i" .

Li & Drew3

[ ]i# k

[ ]iv k

[ ]i k[ ] [ ]

i i k k



39/59


Ta*le 9.# Cnte&t a""ignment r the "ign (ding

!rimitive

Li & Drew39

abel

4 1 1 1

3 1 0 1

2 1 -1 11 -1 1 0

0 1 0 0

1 1 -1 0

2 -1 1 -1

3 -1 0 -1

4 -1 -1 -1

[ ]i# k[ ]iv k[ ]i k



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' agnit%de reDnement7 Cde the val%e

given that 'i[k] X 2p+1.

F (hange" rm 0 t 1 ater the magnit%de

reDnement !rimitive i" Dr"t a!!lied t i[k].

F i" (ded )ith (nte&t 0 i

)ith (nte&t 1 i and and )ith (nte&t 2 i .

Li & Drew40

[ ] [ ] [ ] 0i i

# v = = =k k kR

[ ] 0i =kR [ ] [ ] 0i i# v+ k k

[ ]pi k

[ ]i kR

[ ]pi k

[ ] 1i =kR



41/59


$. 6ractional 3itplane

Coding' /ivide" (de *l(; "am!le" int "maller "%*"et" having di5erent"tati"ti(".

' Cde" ne "%*"et at a time "tarting )ith the "%*"et e&!e(ting t

have the large"t red%(tin in di"trtin.

' En"%re" ea(h (de *l(; ha" a Dnel+ em*edded *it"tream.

' $%r di5erent !a""e" are %"ed7 r)ard "igniD(an(e !r!agatin

!a"" O rever"e "igniD(an(e !r!agatin !a"" O magnit%de

reDnement !a"" O and nrmali@atin !a"" .

Li & Drew41

1( )pP

2( )p

P

3( )pP

4( )pP



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6or:ard Signi=cancePropagation Pass

' S%*-*l(; "am!le" are vi"ited in "(an-line rder and

in"igniD(ant "am!le" and "am!le" that d nt "ati"+ the

neigh*rhd re%irement are ";i!!ed.

' $r the LN NL and LL "%**and" the neigh*rhd

re%irement i" that at lea"t ne the hri@ntal

neigh*r" ha" t *e "igniD(ant.

' $r the NN "%**and the neigh*rhd re%irement i" that

at lea"t ne the %r diagnal neigh*r" i" "igniD(ant.

Li & Drew42



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/eerse Signi=cance Propagation Pass

' Thi" !a"" i" identi(al t e&(e!t that it !r(eed" in the rever"e rder. The

neigh*rhd re%irement i" rela&ed t in(l%de "am!le" that have at lea"t ne

"igniD(ant neigh*r in an+ dire(tin.

&agnit*de /e=nement Pass

' Thi" !a"" en(de" "am!le" that are alread+ "igniD(ant *%t have nt *een (ded in the

!revi%" t) !a""e". S%(h "am!le" are !r(e""ed )ith the magnit%de reDnement

!rimitive.

&agnit*de /e=nement Pass

' The val%e all "am!le" nt (n"idered in the !revi%" three (ding !a""e"

are (ded %"ing the "ign (ding and r%n-length (ding !rimitive" a" a!!r!riate. I a

"am!le i" %nd t *e "igniD(ant it" "ign i" immediatel+ (ded %"ing the "ign (ding

!rimitive.

Li & Drew43

1

pP

[ ]pi k



44/59


$ig. 9.97 !!earan(e (ding !a""e" and %ad tree (de" in ea(h *l(;"

em*edded *it"tream.

Li & Drew44


P t C i / t


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Post Compression /ate'istortion

!PC/'# Optimi+ation' Gal7F Prd%(e a tr%n(atin the inde!endent *it"tream ea(h

(de *l(; in an !timal )a+ "%(h that di"trtin i"minimi@ed "%*6e(t t the *it-rate (n"traint.

' $r ea(h tr%n(ated em*edded *it"tream (de *l(; i

having rate )ith di"trtin and

tr%n(atin !int ni the verall di"trtin the

re(n"tr%(ted image i" a""%ming di"trtin i" additive

9.3

Li & Drew4#

in

i

i

D D=

in

iDin

i)



46/59

u da e a s o u ed a, C ap e 9

' The !timal "ele(tin tr%n(atin !int" ni (an *e

rm%lated int a minimi@atin !r*lem "%*6e(t t the

ll)ing (n"traint7

9.#

' $r "me Y an+ "et tr%n(atin !int that

minimi@e"

9.

i" !timal in the rate-di"trtin "en"e.

Li & Drew4

in *x

i

i

=

( ) ( )( ) ( ) i in ni ii

D D

+ = +

{ }in



47/59

, p

' The di"trtin-rate "l!e" given *+ the rati"

9.#

i" "tri(tl+ de(rea"ing.

' Thi" all)" the !timi@atin !r*lem *e "lved *+ a "im!le

"ele(tin thr%gh an en%meratin j1Z j2Z ... the "et

ea"i*le tr%n(atin !int".

9.

Li & Drew4

$

$

$

j

j ii j

i

D,)

=

{ }max |$j

i $ i in j = >[



48/59

, p

ayer 6ormation and/epresentation

' JPEG2000 5er" *th re"l%tin and %alit+ "(ala*ilit+

thr%gh the %"e a la+ered *it"tream rgani@atin and a

t)-tiered (ding "trateg+.

' The Dr"t tier !rd%(e" the em*edded *l(; *it-"tream" )hile

the "e(nd tier (m!re""e" *l(; "%mmar+ inrmatin.

' The %alit+ la+er Q1(ntain" the initial *+te" ea(h (de*l(; i and the ther la+er" Q- (ntain the in(remental

(ntri*%tin rm (de *l(;i.

Li & Drew4

1in

i)

1

0- -i in n-

i i. ) )

=



49/59

p

$ig. 9.107 Three %alit+ la+er" )ith eight *l(;" ea(h.

Li & Drew49



50/59

p

/egion of Interest Codingin JPEG$

' Gal7F Parti(%lar regin" the image ma+ (ntain im!rtant inrmatin

th%" "h%ld *e (ded )ith *etter %alit+ than ther".

' 8"%all+ im!lemented %"ing the WSNI$T methd )hi(h "(ale"

%! the (e(ient" )ithin the =HI " that the+ are !la(ed int

higher *it-!lane".

' /%ring the em*edded (ding !r(e"" the re"%lting *it" are!la(ed in rnt the nn-=HI !art the image. Therere

given a red%(ed *it-rate the =HI )ill *e de(ded and reDned

*ere the re"t the image.

Li & Drew#0



51/59

$ig. 9.117 =egin intere"t =HI (ding an image %"ing a (ir(%larl+

"ha!ed =HI. a 0.4 *!! * 0.# *!! ( 0.*!! and d 0. *!!.

Li & Drew#1



52/59

$ig. 9.127 Perrman(e (m!ari"n r JPEG and JPEG2000 n

di5erent image t+!e". a7 [at%ral image".

Li & Drew#2



53/59


di5erent image t+!e". *7 Cm!%ter generated image".

Li & Drew#3



54/59


di5erent image t+!e". (7 edi(al image".

Li & Drew#4



55/59

a

$ig. 9.137 Cm!ari"n JPEG and JPEG2000. a Hriginal image.

Li & Drew##



56/59

(

$ig. 9.13 Cntd7 Cm!ari"n JPEG and JPEG2000. * JPEG let and JPEG2000 right image"

(m!re""ed at 0.# *!!. ( JPEG let and JPEG2000 right image" (m!re""ed at 0.2# *!!.

Li & Drew#

*



57/59

9.% The JPEG0S

Standard' JPEG-LS i" in the (%rrent ISH\IT8 "tandard r l""le"" r ,near l""le""(m!re""in (ntin%%" tne image".

' It i" !art a larger ISH e5rt aimed at *etter (m!re""in medi(al

image".

' 8"e" the LHCH-I LH) CHm!le&it+ LH""le"" Cm!re""in r Image"

algrithm !r!"ed *+ Ne)lett-Pa(;ard.

' tivated *+ the *"ervatin that (m!le&it+ red%(tin i" ten mre

im!rtant than "mall in(rea"e" in (m!re""in 5ered *+ mre (m!le&

algrithm".

&ain dantage7 L) (m!le&it+]

Li & Drew#



58/59

' The LHCH-I algrithm ma;e" %"e" conte$t

modellin.

' The idea (nte&t mdelling i" t ta;e

advantage the "tr%(t%re )ithin the in!%t

"%r(e F the (nditinal !r*a*ilitie".

$ig. 9.147 JPEG-LS Cnte&t del.

Li & Drew#


9 > J3IG and J3IG $? 3i leel


59/59

9.> J3IG and J3IG0$? 3i0leelImage

Compression Standards' ain Gal7 Ena*le" the handing d(%ment" in ele(trni( rm.

' Primaril+ %"ed t (de "(anned image" !rinted r hand-)ritten

te&t (m!%ter generated te&t and a("imile tran"mi""in".

' JBIG i" a l""le"" (m!re""in "tandard. It al" 5er" !rgre""ive

en(ding\de(ding (a!a*ilit+ the re"%lting *it"tream (ntain" a

"et !rgre""ivel+ higher re"l%tin image".

' JBIG-2 intrd%(e" model"+ased codin F "imilar t (nte&t-*a"ed

(ding. It "%!!rt" l""+ (m!re""in" )ell.

chapter 9 - image compression standards.ppt

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